Bilişsel Sözlük Bilim: İngilizce Devinim Fiillerinin Yeniden Düşünülmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 184 - 199, 29.06.2021

Tan Arda Gedik

https://doi.org/10.47777/cankujhss.891111

Öz

Bu makale, çevrimiçi iki dilli Türkçe-İngilizce sözlüklerdeki devinim fiili girişlerinin biçiminin iyileştirilmesine yaklaşmak için, sözlükbilim ve bilişsel dilbilimin nispeten yeni bir karışımı olan bilişsel sözlükbilimden yararlanmaktadır. Dalpanagioti'nin metodolojisi ve analizini (651) takiben, çalışma, Dalpanagioti (651) tarafından kullanılan çevrimiçi bir sözlük girişi oluşturmada aşağıdaki adımları benimser: (a) sözlük öncesi bir veritabanı derlemeyi (Atkins ve Rundell 100-101), (b) Derlem Örüntü Analizini (Hanks 404) kullanır ve (c) Çerçeve Semantiğini (Fillmore 373-400), Kavramsal Metafor ve Metonim Teorisini (Lakoff ve Johnson 12) ve İlkeli Çokanlamlılık yaklaşımını (Evans ve Green 342-352) kullanarak İngilizce bir devinim fiili olan glide için verileri yorumlar. Bu amaçla, bilişsel sözlükbilimini kullanarak hareket fiillerinin tarzları için iki dilli sözlük girişlerini iyileştirme ve dil öğrenmedeki bireysel farklılıkları barındırmak için GIF'lerin kullanımını önerme girişimi olan bu çalışma, aynı zamanda Türk sözlükbilim literatürüne ve bilişsel sözlükbilim alanına katkı sağlamayı hedefler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Devinim fiilleri, sözlükbilim, çevrimiçi sözlük, bilişsel sözlükbilim

Cognitive Lexicography: Reimagining English Manner of Motion Verbs

Öz

The present paper draws on cognitive lexicography, a relatively new amalgamation of lexicography and cognitive linguistics, to approach the curation of manner of motion verb entries in online bilingual Turkish-English dictionaries. Following Dalpanagioti’s methodology and analysis (651), the study adopts the following steps in creating an online dictionary entry, as used by Dalpanagioti (651): (a) compile a pre-lexicographic database (Atkins and Rundell 100-101), (b) employ Corpus Pattern Analysis (Hanks 404), and (c) utilize Frame Semantics (Fillmore 373-400), the Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory (Lakoff and Johnson 12) and the Principled Polysemy approach (Evans and Green 342-352) to interpret the data for glide, a manner of motion verb. To this end, this paper is an attempt to improve bilingual dictionary entries for manner of motion verbs using cognitive lexicography and suggesting the use of GIFs to accommodate individual differences in language learning, to contribute to the Turkish lexicography literature by addressing the research gap, and lastly to contribute to the field of cognitive lexicography.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cognitive lexicography, motion verbs, online dictionary, cognitive linguistics

Kaynakça

• Andersen, Birger. “User-Friendliness of Verb Syntax in Pedagogical Dictionaries of English.” Studia Anglica Posnaniensia: International Review of English Studies, vol. 44, 2008, pp. 565–73.
• Atkins, B. Sue, and Michael Rundell. The Oxford Guide to Practical Lexicography. 2008.
• Atkins, Sue, et al. “Lexicographic Relevance: Selecting Information from Corpus Evidence.” International Journal of Lexicography, vol. 16, no. 3, 2003, pp. 251–80. doi:10.1093/ijl/16.3.251.
• Barcelona, Antonio, editor. Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective. Walter de Gruyter, 2003.
• British English Web Corpus. ukWaC. n.d. https://www.sketchengine.com/ukwac-corpus Accessed 28 Dec. 2020.
• Cambridge. Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. n.d. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english Accessed 28 Dec. 2020.
• Collins COBUILD. Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. n.d. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english Accessed 28 Dec. 2020.
• Croft, William. “The Role of Domains in the Interpretation of Metaphors and Metonymies.” Metaphor and Metonymy in Comparison and Contrast, edited by René Dirven and Ralf Pörings, Walter de Gruyter, 2003, pp. 161–205.
• Cuyckens, Hubert, and Britta E. Zawada. Polysemy in Cognitive Linguistics: Selected Papers from the International Cognitive Linguistics Conference, Amsterdam, 1997. John Benjamins Publishing, 2001.
• Dalpanagioti, Thomai. “Corpus-Based Cognitive Lexicography: Insights into Corpus-Based Cognitive Lexicography:: Insights into the Meaning and Use of the Verb Stagger.” The XVIII EURALEX International Congress Proceedings, 2018, pp. 649–62. pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3943/cd8de8eaba7493581db8583f87ffc3d4dda9.pdf. Accessed 22 Nov. 2020.
• Evans, Vyvyan. “The Meaning of Time : Polysemy, the Lexicon and Conceptual Structure.” Journal of Linguistics, vol. 41, no. 1, 2005, pp. 33–75. doi:10.1017/s0022226704003056.
• Evans, Vyvyan, and Melanie Green. Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction. Edinburgh University Press, 2006.
• Ferraresi, Adriano, et al. “Introducing and Evaluating UkWaC, a Very Large Web-Derived Corpus of English.” Can We Beat Google?, 4th Web as Corpus Workshopedited by S. Evert et al., 2008, pp. 47–54. citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.210.5659&rep=rep1&type=pdf#page=53. Accessed 28 Dec. 2020.
• Fillmore, Charles J. “Frame Semantics.” Linguistics in the Morning Calm, edited by Dirk Geeraerts, Mouton de Gruyter, 2006, pp. 373–400.
• FrameNet. Frame Index. n.d., framenet2.icsi.berkeley.edu/fnReports/data/frameIndex.xml. Accessed 28 Dec. 2020.
• Geeraerts, Dirk. “Lexicography and Theories of Lexical Semantics.” The Oxford Handbook of Lexicography, edited by Philip Durkin, 425-439, Oxford University Press, 2016. Oxford Handbooks in Linguistics.
• Gibbs, Raymond W. “Evaluating Conceptual Metaphor Theory.” Discourse Processes, vol. 48, no. 8, 2011, pp. 529–62. doi:10.1080/0163853X.2011.606103.
• Google Image Result for Https://Thumbs.gfycat.com/FarawayHarmlessCapybara-Small.gif, images.app.goo.gl/f5dFZLHfTofHp148A.
• Hanazaki, Miki, M. “Toward a Model of Principled Polysemy (A. Tyler and V. Evans, the Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition).” English Linguistics, vol. 22, no. 2, 2005, pp. 412–42. www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/elsj1984/22/2/22_2_412/_pdf.
• Hanks, Patrick. “Definitions and Explanations.” Looking up: An Account of the COBUILD Project in Lexical Computing, edited by John Sinclair, Collins, 1987, pp. 116–36.
• ---. Lexical Analysis: Norms and Exploitations. MIT Press, 2013.
• Johnson, Martina, and Alessandro Lenci. “Advances in Frame Semantics.” Constructions and Frames, vol. 3, no. 1, 2011, pp. 9–45. doi:10.1075/cf.3.1.01joh.
• Kövecses, Zoltán. “Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics.” Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, vol. 6, no. 1, 2008, pp. 168–84. doi:10.1075/arcl.6.08kov.
• Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphor We Live by. The University of Chicago Press, 1980.
• Levin, Beth. English Verb Classes and Alternations the University of Chicago Press. 1993.
• Lew, R. “Multimodal Lexicography: The Representation of Meaning in Electronic Dictionaries.” Lexikos, vol. 20, no. 1, 2010, pp. 290–306. doi:10.4314/lex.v20i1.62717.
• Longman. Dictionary of Contemporary English. n.d. https://www.ldoceonline.com Accessed 28 Dec. 2020.
• Metaphors. International Computer Science Institute. n.d., www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english. Accessed 28 Dec. 2020.
• Moon, Rosamund. “ON SPECIFYING METAPHOR: AN IDEA and ITS IMPLEMENTATION.” International Journal of Lexicography, vol. 17, no. 2, 2004, pp. 195–222. doi:10.1093/ijl/17.2.195.
• Ostermann, Carolin. Cognitive Lexicography: A New Approach to Lexicography Making Use of Cognitive Semantics. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2015.
• Oxford. Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. n.d. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com Accessed 28 Dec. 2020.
• Özçalışkan, Şeyda, and Slobin, Dan, I. “Codability Effects on the Expression of Manner of Motion in Turkish and English.” Studies in Turkish Linguistics, edited by A. S. Özsoy et al., Boğaziçi University Press, 2003, pp. 259–70. citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.69.1468&rep=rep1&type=pdf. Accessed 30 Nov. 2020.
• Pattern Dictionary of English Verbs. n.d. http://www.pdev.org.uk/#! Accessed 28 Dec. 2020.
• Radden, Günther. “How Metonymic Are Metaphors.” Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective, edited by Antonio Barcelona, Walter de Gruyter, 2003, pp. 93–108.
• Rundell, Michael. “More Than One Way to Skin a Cat: Why Full-Sentence Definitions Have Not Been Universally Adopted.” Practical Lexicography: A Reader, edited by Thierry Fontenelle, Oxford University Press, 2008, pp. 323–37. Accessed 24 Jan. 2021.
• Sweetser, Eve. From Etymology to Pragmatics: Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects of Semantic Structure. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
• Talmy, Leonard. Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Vol 2. Typology and Process in Concept Structuring (Language, Speech, and Communication). MIT Press, 2000. 3 vols., scholar.google.com/citations?user=fszhks0aaaaj&hl=en&oi=sra.
• van der Meer, G. “METAPHORS and DICTIONARIES: THE MORASS of MEANING, or HOW to GET TWO IDEAS for ONE1,2.” International Journal of Lexicography, vol. 12, no. 3, 1999, pp. 195–208. doi:10.1093/ijl/12.3.195.
• Zargan. İngilizce-Türkçe Sözlük. n.d. https://www.zargan.com/ Accessed 28 Dec. 2020.