Designing Telecollaboration Projects for Developing Intercultural Communicative Competence
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 348 - 362, 26.12.2021
Sedat Akayoğlu
,
Bedrettin Yazan
,
Babürhan Üzüm
Öz
As the ways of communication and interaction have diversified thanks to the constantly
developing and changing technological possibilities, educators try to do their best to
follow the recent implementations and activities to better prepare their students for real
world demands. Telecollaboration (aka virtual intercultural exchange) is one of such
implementations for language educators and students which is an affordable alternative
for study abroad. Through these studies, educators design some tasks and activities for
their students in which learners could interact with peers from other contexts
synchronously or asynchronously. As one of the outcomes of these projects, educators or
researchers plan to develop intercultural communicative competence (ICC) of the
learners. In the first part of this paper, the researchers discuss the necessity of
intercultural communicative competence in language education by elaborating on the
skills that an individual with ICC should have. In the second part, we present the
affordances and challenges of telecollaboration projects. In the final part, we unpack some
critical issues to be considered in the design of a telecollaboration project. We consider
this part as a set of guidelines for researchers planning to engage in telecollaboration as
part of their teacher education and research practices.
Kaynakça
- Akayoğlu, Sedat, et al. “Preservice teachers’ cultural identity construction in
telecollaboration.” The complexity of identity and interaction in language education,
edited by Nathanael Rudolph, Ali Fuad Selvi and Bedrettin Yazan, Multilingual
Matters, 2020, pp. 188-205, doi:10.21832/9781788927437-012
- Angelova, Maria, and Ying Zhao. “Using an Online Collaborative Project between American
and Chinese Students to Develop ESL Teaching Skills, Cross-Cultural Awareness and
Language Skills.” Computer Assisted Language Learning, vol. 29, no. 1, Taylor &
Francis, 2016, pp. 167–85, doi:10.1080/09588221.2014.907320.
- Avgousti, Maria Iosifina. “Intercultural Communicative Competence and Online
Exchanges: A Systematic Review.” Computer Assisted Language Learning, vol. 31, no.
8, Taylor & Francis, 2018, pp. 819–53, doi:10.1080/09588221.2018.1455713.
- Berardo, Sacha Anthony. “The Use of Authentic Materials in the Teaching of Reading.” The
Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, 2006, pp. 60–69.
- Belz, Julie A., and Andreas Müller–Hartmann. “Teachers as Intercultural Learners:
Negotiating German?American Telecollaboration along the Institutional Fault Line.”
The Modern Language Journal, vol. 87, no. 1, 2003, pp. 71–89, doi:10.1111/1540-
4781.00179.
- Bueno-Alastuey, M. C., and M. Kleban. “Matching Linguistic and Pedagogical Objectives in
a Telecollaboration Project: A Case Study.” Computer Assisted Language Learning,
vol. 29, no. 1, 2016, pp. 148–66, doi:10.1080/09588221.2014.904360.
- Byram, Michael. From Foreign Language Education to Education for Intercultural
Citizenship: Essays and Reflections. Multilingual Matters, 2008.
- Canto, Silvia, et al. “Integrating Cross-Cultural Interaction through Video-Communication
and Virtual Worlds in Foreign Language Teaching Programs: Is There an Added
Value?” ReCALL, vol. 25, no. 1, 2013, pp. 105–21, doi:10.1017/S0958344012000274.
- Chun, Dorothy M. “Developing Intercultural Communicative Competence through Online
Exchanges.” CALICO Journal, vol. 28, no. 2, 2011, pp. 392–419.
- Cutting, Joan. “A Thematic Linguistic Analysis of TESOL Students’ Commitment to
Intercultural Communication Values.” TESOL Quarterly, vol. 54, no. 4, 2020, pp. 846–
69, doi:10.1002/tesq.559.
- Dooly, Melinda. “Understanding the Many Steps for Effective Collaborative Language
Projects.” Language Learning Journal, vol. 36, no. 1, 2008, pp. 65–78,
doi:10.1080/09571730801988405.
- Dooly, Melinda Ann. “Crossing the Intercultural Borders into 3rd Space Culture(s):
Implications for Teacher Education in the Twenty-First Century.” Language and
Intercultural Communication, vol. 11, no. 4, 2011, pp. 319–37.
- Fuchs, Carolin. “‘Are You Able to Access This Website at All?’ – Team Negotiations and
Macro-Level Challenges in Telecollaboration.” Computer Assisted Language Learning,
vol. 29, no. 7, 2016, pp. 1152–68, doi:10.1080/09588221.2016.1167091.
- Guth, Sarah and Francesca Helm. Telecollaboration 2.0: Language, Literacies and
Intercultural Learning in the 21st Century. Peter Lang, 2010.
- Harris, J. “Taboo Topic No Longer: Why Telecollaborative Projects Sometimes Fail.”
Learning and Leading with Technology, vol. 27, no. 5, 2000, pp. 58–61.
- Hauck, Mirjam. “Critical Success Factors in a TRIDEM Exchange.” ReCALL, vol. 19, no. 2,
2007, pp. 202–23, doi:10.1017/S0958344007000729.
- Hauck, Mirjam, and Bonnie L. Youngs. Telecollaboration in Multimodal Environments. 2009,
doi:10.1080/09588220801943510.
- Helm, Francesca. “The Practices and Challenges of Telecollaboration in Higher Education
in Europe.” Language Learning & Technology, 2015, vol. 19, no: 3, pp. 197-217.
- Houghton, Stephanie Ann. “Making Intercultural Communicative Competence and
Identity-Development Visible for Assessment Purposes in Foreign Language
Education.” The Language Learning Journal, vol. 41, no. 3, Routledge, Nov. 2013, pp.
311–25, doi:10.1080/09571736.2013.836348.
- Hymes, Dell. “On Communicative Competence.” Sociolinguistics, edited by J.B. Pride and J.
Holmes, Penguin, 1972, 269-293.
- Jauregi, Kristi, et al. “Native/Non-Native Speaker Interactions through Video-Web
Communication: A Clue for Enhancing Motivation?” Computer Assisted Language
Learning, vol. 25, no. 1, 2012, pp. 1–19, doi:10.1080/09588221.2011.582587.
- Kılıçkaya, Ferit. “Authentic Materials and Cultural Content in EFL Classrooms.” The
Internet TESL Journal, vol. 10, no. 7, 2004.
- Lee, Lina. “Blogging: Promoting Learner Autonomy and Intercultural Competence through
Study Abroad.” Language Learning and Technology, vol.15, no. 3, 2011, pp. 87–109.
- Lee, Lina and Alfred Markey. “A Study of Learners’ Perceptions of Online Intercultural
Exchange Through Web 2.0 Technologies. ReCALL, vol. 26, no. 3, 2014, pp. 281-297.
- Lewis, Tim and O'Dowd, Robert. “Introduction to Online Intercultural Exchange and This
Volume.” Online Intercultural Exchange: Policy, Pedagogy, Practice, edited by Tim
Lewis and Robert O'Dowd, London: Routledge, 2016, pp. 3–20.
- Liaw, Meei-ling. “E-Learning and the development of intercultural competence.” Language
Learning & Technology, vol. 10, no. 3, 2006, pp. 49-64.
- Liaw, Meei-ling, and Susan Bunn-le Master. Understanding Telecollaboration through an
Analysis of Intercultural Discourse. 2010, pp. 20–40, 10.1080/09588220903467301.
- Melo-Pfeifer, Sílvia. “Blogs and the Development of Plurilingual and Intercultural
Competence: Report of a Co-Actional Approach in Portuguese Foreign Language
Classroom.” Computer Assisted Language Learning, vol. 28, no. 3, 2015, pp. 220–40,
doi:10.1080/09588221.2013.818556.
- Barr, David. “Students and ICT: An Analysis of Student Reaction to the Use of Computer
Technology in Language Learning.” IALLT Journal of Language Learning
Technologies, vol. 36, no. 2, 2004, pp. 19–38, doi:10.17161/iallt.v36i2.8408.
- O’Dowd, Robert. “Understanding the ‘Other Side’: Intercultural Learning In A Spanish-
English E-Mail Exchange.” Language Learning & Technology, vol.7, no. 2, 2003, pp.
118-44.
- O’Dowd, Robert. “Negotiating Sociocultural and Institutional Contexts: The Case of
Spanish–American Telecollaboration.” Language and Intercultural Communication,
vol. 5, no. 1, 2005, pp. 40–56, doi:10.1080/14708470508668882.
- O’Dowd, Robert, "Intercultural Communicative Competence Through Telecollaboration" ,
in The Routledge Handbook of Language and Intercultural Communication ed. Jane
Jackson (Abingdon: Routledge, 30 Nov 2011 ), accessed 29 Sep 2021 , Routledge
Handbooks Online.
- O’Dowd, Robert, and Markus Ritter. “Understanding and Working with ‘Failed
Communication’ in Telecollaborative Exchanges.” CALICO Journal, vol. 23, no. 3,
2013, pp. 623–42, doi:10.1558/cj.v23i3.623-642.
- Palmer, Deborah K. and Julia Menard-Warwick. “Short-Term Study Abroad for Texas
Preservice Teachers: On the Road from Empathy to Critical Awareness. Multicultural
Education, vol. 19, no: 3, pp.17-26.
- Peacock, Matthew. “The Effect of Authentic Materials on the Motivation of EFL Learners.”
ELT Journal, vol. 51, no. 2, 1997, pp. 144–56, doi:10.1093/elt/51.2.144.
- Redmond, Petrea, and Jennifer V. Lock. “A Flexible Framework for Online Collaborative
Learning.” Internet and Higher Education, vol. 9, no. 4, 2006, pp. 267–76.
- Schenker, Teresa. “Intercultural competence and cultural learning through
telecollaboration.” CALICO Journal, vol. 29, no. 3, 2012, pp. 449-70.
- UNICollaboration. Cross-Disciplinary Organisation for Telecollaboration and Virtual
Exchange in Higher Education, 2021,
https://www.unicollaboration.org/index.php/about. Accessed 19 July 2021.
- Üzüm, Babürhan, et al. “Using Telecollaboration to Promote Intercultural Competence in
Teacher Training Classrooms in Turkey and the USA.” ReCALL, vol. 32, no. 2, 2020,
doi:10.1017/S0958344019000235.
- Üzüm, Babürhan, et al. “Preservice’ Discursive Constructions of Cultural Practices in a
Multicultural Telecollaboration.” International Journal of Multicultural Education, no.
1, 2019, pp. 82-104.
- Üzüm, Babürhan, et al. “Pre-service teachers’ translingual negotiation strategies at work:
telecollaboration between France, Turkey, and the USA.” Language and Intercultural
Communication, vol. 21, no. 6, 2021, doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2021.1981360
- Wang, Amber Yayin, and Wan-Jeng Chang. “Developing Intercultural Awareness and
Language Speaking Proficiency for Foreign Language Learners through Cross–
Cultural Voicemail Exchange.” International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language
Learning and Teaching, vol. 1, no. 4, 2011, pp. 17-32.
- Ware, Paige D., and Claire Kramsch. “Toward Teaching Intercultural Stance: English
through Telecollaboration.” The Modern Language Journal, vol. 89, no. 2, 2005, pp.
190–205.
- Ware, Paige, and Greg Kessler. “Telecollaboration in the Secondary Language Classroom:
Case Study of Adolescent Interaction and Pedagogical Integration.” Computer
Assisted Language Learning, Taylor & Francis, 2016, pp. 427-50.
- Yazan, Bedrettin, et al. “Telecollaboration as translingual contact zone: teacher candidates’
translingual negotiation strategies.” TESOL Teacher Education in a Transnational
World, edited by Osman Z. Barnawi and Anwar Ahmed, Routledge, 2020, pp. 139-
157, doi:10.4324/9781003008668-9.
Kültürlerarası İletişim Yeterliliğini Geliştirmek İçin Uzaktan İşbirliği Projeleri Tasarımı
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 348 - 362, 26.12.2021
Sedat Akayoğlu
,
Bedrettin Yazan
,
Babürhan Üzüm
Öz
As the ways of communication and interaction have diversified thanks to the constantly
developing and changing technological possibilities, educators try to do their best to
follow the recent implementations and activities to better prepare their students for real
world demands. Telecollaboration (aka virtual intercultural exchange) is one of such
implementations for language educators and students which is an affordable alternative
for study abroad. Through these studies, educators design some tasks and activities for
their students in which learners could interact with peers from other contexts
synchronously or asynchronously. As one of the outcomes of these projects, educators or
researchers plan to develop intercultural communicative competence (ICC) of the
learners. In the first part of this paper, the researchers discuss the necessity of
intercultural communicative competence in language education by elaborating on the
skills that an individual with ICC should have. In the second part, we present the
affordances and challenges of telecollaboration projects. In the final part, we unpack some
critical issues to be considered in the design of a telecollaboration project. We consider
this part as a set of guidelines for researchers planning to engage in telecollaboration as
part of their teacher education and research practices.
Kaynakça
- Akayoğlu, Sedat, et al. “Preservice teachers’ cultural identity construction in
telecollaboration.” The complexity of identity and interaction in language education,
edited by Nathanael Rudolph, Ali Fuad Selvi and Bedrettin Yazan, Multilingual
Matters, 2020, pp. 188-205, doi:10.21832/9781788927437-012
- Angelova, Maria, and Ying Zhao. “Using an Online Collaborative Project between American
and Chinese Students to Develop ESL Teaching Skills, Cross-Cultural Awareness and
Language Skills.” Computer Assisted Language Learning, vol. 29, no. 1, Taylor &
Francis, 2016, pp. 167–85, doi:10.1080/09588221.2014.907320.
- Avgousti, Maria Iosifina. “Intercultural Communicative Competence and Online
Exchanges: A Systematic Review.” Computer Assisted Language Learning, vol. 31, no.
8, Taylor & Francis, 2018, pp. 819–53, doi:10.1080/09588221.2018.1455713.
- Berardo, Sacha Anthony. “The Use of Authentic Materials in the Teaching of Reading.” The
Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, 2006, pp. 60–69.
- Belz, Julie A., and Andreas Müller–Hartmann. “Teachers as Intercultural Learners:
Negotiating German?American Telecollaboration along the Institutional Fault Line.”
The Modern Language Journal, vol. 87, no. 1, 2003, pp. 71–89, doi:10.1111/1540-
4781.00179.
- Bueno-Alastuey, M. C., and M. Kleban. “Matching Linguistic and Pedagogical Objectives in
a Telecollaboration Project: A Case Study.” Computer Assisted Language Learning,
vol. 29, no. 1, 2016, pp. 148–66, doi:10.1080/09588221.2014.904360.
- Byram, Michael. From Foreign Language Education to Education for Intercultural
Citizenship: Essays and Reflections. Multilingual Matters, 2008.
- Canto, Silvia, et al. “Integrating Cross-Cultural Interaction through Video-Communication
and Virtual Worlds in Foreign Language Teaching Programs: Is There an Added
Value?” ReCALL, vol. 25, no. 1, 2013, pp. 105–21, doi:10.1017/S0958344012000274.
- Chun, Dorothy M. “Developing Intercultural Communicative Competence through Online
Exchanges.” CALICO Journal, vol. 28, no. 2, 2011, pp. 392–419.
- Cutting, Joan. “A Thematic Linguistic Analysis of TESOL Students’ Commitment to
Intercultural Communication Values.” TESOL Quarterly, vol. 54, no. 4, 2020, pp. 846–
69, doi:10.1002/tesq.559.
- Dooly, Melinda. “Understanding the Many Steps for Effective Collaborative Language
Projects.” Language Learning Journal, vol. 36, no. 1, 2008, pp. 65–78,
doi:10.1080/09571730801988405.
- Dooly, Melinda Ann. “Crossing the Intercultural Borders into 3rd Space Culture(s):
Implications for Teacher Education in the Twenty-First Century.” Language and
Intercultural Communication, vol. 11, no. 4, 2011, pp. 319–37.
- Fuchs, Carolin. “‘Are You Able to Access This Website at All?’ – Team Negotiations and
Macro-Level Challenges in Telecollaboration.” Computer Assisted Language Learning,
vol. 29, no. 7, 2016, pp. 1152–68, doi:10.1080/09588221.2016.1167091.
- Guth, Sarah and Francesca Helm. Telecollaboration 2.0: Language, Literacies and
Intercultural Learning in the 21st Century. Peter Lang, 2010.
- Harris, J. “Taboo Topic No Longer: Why Telecollaborative Projects Sometimes Fail.”
Learning and Leading with Technology, vol. 27, no. 5, 2000, pp. 58–61.
- Hauck, Mirjam. “Critical Success Factors in a TRIDEM Exchange.” ReCALL, vol. 19, no. 2,
2007, pp. 202–23, doi:10.1017/S0958344007000729.
- Hauck, Mirjam, and Bonnie L. Youngs. Telecollaboration in Multimodal Environments. 2009,
doi:10.1080/09588220801943510.
- Helm, Francesca. “The Practices and Challenges of Telecollaboration in Higher Education
in Europe.” Language Learning & Technology, 2015, vol. 19, no: 3, pp. 197-217.
- Houghton, Stephanie Ann. “Making Intercultural Communicative Competence and
Identity-Development Visible for Assessment Purposes in Foreign Language
Education.” The Language Learning Journal, vol. 41, no. 3, Routledge, Nov. 2013, pp.
311–25, doi:10.1080/09571736.2013.836348.
- Hymes, Dell. “On Communicative Competence.” Sociolinguistics, edited by J.B. Pride and J.
Holmes, Penguin, 1972, 269-293.
- Jauregi, Kristi, et al. “Native/Non-Native Speaker Interactions through Video-Web
Communication: A Clue for Enhancing Motivation?” Computer Assisted Language
Learning, vol. 25, no. 1, 2012, pp. 1–19, doi:10.1080/09588221.2011.582587.
- Kılıçkaya, Ferit. “Authentic Materials and Cultural Content in EFL Classrooms.” The
Internet TESL Journal, vol. 10, no. 7, 2004.
- Lee, Lina. “Blogging: Promoting Learner Autonomy and Intercultural Competence through
Study Abroad.” Language Learning and Technology, vol.15, no. 3, 2011, pp. 87–109.
- Lee, Lina and Alfred Markey. “A Study of Learners’ Perceptions of Online Intercultural
Exchange Through Web 2.0 Technologies. ReCALL, vol. 26, no. 3, 2014, pp. 281-297.
- Lewis, Tim and O'Dowd, Robert. “Introduction to Online Intercultural Exchange and This
Volume.” Online Intercultural Exchange: Policy, Pedagogy, Practice, edited by Tim
Lewis and Robert O'Dowd, London: Routledge, 2016, pp. 3–20.
- Liaw, Meei-ling. “E-Learning and the development of intercultural competence.” Language
Learning & Technology, vol. 10, no. 3, 2006, pp. 49-64.
- Liaw, Meei-ling, and Susan Bunn-le Master. Understanding Telecollaboration through an
Analysis of Intercultural Discourse. 2010, pp. 20–40, 10.1080/09588220903467301.
- Melo-Pfeifer, Sílvia. “Blogs and the Development of Plurilingual and Intercultural
Competence: Report of a Co-Actional Approach in Portuguese Foreign Language
Classroom.” Computer Assisted Language Learning, vol. 28, no. 3, 2015, pp. 220–40,
doi:10.1080/09588221.2013.818556.
- Barr, David. “Students and ICT: An Analysis of Student Reaction to the Use of Computer
Technology in Language Learning.” IALLT Journal of Language Learning
Technologies, vol. 36, no. 2, 2004, pp. 19–38, doi:10.17161/iallt.v36i2.8408.
- O’Dowd, Robert. “Understanding the ‘Other Side’: Intercultural Learning In A Spanish-
English E-Mail Exchange.” Language Learning & Technology, vol.7, no. 2, 2003, pp.
118-44.
- O’Dowd, Robert. “Negotiating Sociocultural and Institutional Contexts: The Case of
Spanish–American Telecollaboration.” Language and Intercultural Communication,
vol. 5, no. 1, 2005, pp. 40–56, doi:10.1080/14708470508668882.
- O’Dowd, Robert, "Intercultural Communicative Competence Through Telecollaboration" ,
in The Routledge Handbook of Language and Intercultural Communication ed. Jane
Jackson (Abingdon: Routledge, 30 Nov 2011 ), accessed 29 Sep 2021 , Routledge
Handbooks Online.
- O’Dowd, Robert, and Markus Ritter. “Understanding and Working with ‘Failed
Communication’ in Telecollaborative Exchanges.” CALICO Journal, vol. 23, no. 3,
2013, pp. 623–42, doi:10.1558/cj.v23i3.623-642.
- Palmer, Deborah K. and Julia Menard-Warwick. “Short-Term Study Abroad for Texas
Preservice Teachers: On the Road from Empathy to Critical Awareness. Multicultural
Education, vol. 19, no: 3, pp.17-26.
- Peacock, Matthew. “The Effect of Authentic Materials on the Motivation of EFL Learners.”
ELT Journal, vol. 51, no. 2, 1997, pp. 144–56, doi:10.1093/elt/51.2.144.
- Redmond, Petrea, and Jennifer V. Lock. “A Flexible Framework for Online Collaborative
Learning.” Internet and Higher Education, vol. 9, no. 4, 2006, pp. 267–76.
- Schenker, Teresa. “Intercultural competence and cultural learning through
telecollaboration.” CALICO Journal, vol. 29, no. 3, 2012, pp. 449-70.
- UNICollaboration. Cross-Disciplinary Organisation for Telecollaboration and Virtual
Exchange in Higher Education, 2021,
https://www.unicollaboration.org/index.php/about. Accessed 19 July 2021.
- Üzüm, Babürhan, et al. “Using Telecollaboration to Promote Intercultural Competence in
Teacher Training Classrooms in Turkey and the USA.” ReCALL, vol. 32, no. 2, 2020,
doi:10.1017/S0958344019000235.
- Üzüm, Babürhan, et al. “Preservice’ Discursive Constructions of Cultural Practices in a
Multicultural Telecollaboration.” International Journal of Multicultural Education, no.
1, 2019, pp. 82-104.
- Üzüm, Babürhan, et al. “Pre-service teachers’ translingual negotiation strategies at work:
telecollaboration between France, Turkey, and the USA.” Language and Intercultural
Communication, vol. 21, no. 6, 2021, doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2021.1981360
- Wang, Amber Yayin, and Wan-Jeng Chang. “Developing Intercultural Awareness and
Language Speaking Proficiency for Foreign Language Learners through Cross–
Cultural Voicemail Exchange.” International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language
Learning and Teaching, vol. 1, no. 4, 2011, pp. 17-32.
- Ware, Paige D., and Claire Kramsch. “Toward Teaching Intercultural Stance: English
through Telecollaboration.” The Modern Language Journal, vol. 89, no. 2, 2005, pp.
190–205.
- Ware, Paige, and Greg Kessler. “Telecollaboration in the Secondary Language Classroom:
Case Study of Adolescent Interaction and Pedagogical Integration.” Computer
Assisted Language Learning, Taylor & Francis, 2016, pp. 427-50.
- Yazan, Bedrettin, et al. “Telecollaboration as translingual contact zone: teacher candidates’
translingual negotiation strategies.” TESOL Teacher Education in a Transnational
World, edited by Osman Z. Barnawi and Anwar Ahmed, Routledge, 2020, pp. 139-
157, doi:10.4324/9781003008668-9.