Performance Comparison of PEGASIS, HEED and LEACH Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Öz

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the most emerging and fastest growing fields in the scientific world. The most widely recognized requirement related with sensor network configuration is that sensor hubs have restricted energy spending plans. Typically, the limited battery power of a sensor node becomes a critical issue when it is not possible to replace or recharge its battery. The efficient use of energy source in a sensor node is a desirable criterion for scalability and prolonging the lifetime of WSN. Therefore, designing an efficient routing protocol for reducing energy consumption is one of the important issues in the network. A large number of routing protocols have been proposed in the last few decades. Some of the most popular and energy efficient routing protocols are hierarchical routing protocols like LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), PEGASIS (Power Efficient GAthering in Sensor Information Systems), and HEED (Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed clustering protocol). In this paper, these hierarchical routing protocols are studied for their pros and cons. Finally, a comparative study on these protocols is done based on several metrics such as: energy consumption, stability period, scalability, and network lifetime through simulations on different simulation environments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• HEED
• LEACH
• PEGASIS
• Routing Protocol
• WSN.

Kaynakça

1. 1. M.A. Matin and M.M. Islam. Overview of wireless sensor network. In Mohammad A. Matin, editor, Wireless Sensor Networks, chapter 1. IntechOpen, Rijeka, 2012. doi: 10.5772/49376.
2. 2. Noman Shabbir and Syed Rizwan Hassan. Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (wsns). In Philip Sallis, editor, Wireless Sensor Networks, chapter 2. IntechOpen, Rijeka, 2017. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.70208.
3. 3. H. Guyennet M. Hadjila and M. Feham. A chain-based routing protocol to maximize the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Wireless Sensor Network, 5(5):116–120, 2013. doi: 10.4236/wsn.2013.55014.
4. 4. S. Lindsey and C. S. Raghavendra. Pegasis: Power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems. In Proceedings, IEEE Aerospace Conference, volume 3, pages 3–3, March 2002.
5. 5. A. H. Abdulaal, A. F. M. S. Shah, and S. K. Pathan, “NM-LEACH: A Novel Modified LEACH Protocol to Improve Performance in WSN,” in International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS), vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1 - 10, April 2022.
6. 6. Bhanu Pratap Singh Jyoti Singh and Subhadra Bose Shaw. A survey on leach-based hierarchical routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT, 3(6), JUNE 2014. ISSN 2278-0181.
7. 7. Ali Newaz Bahar Shamim Sardar, Angona Sarker. Hierarchical routing protocol in wireless sensor network a survey. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 6(2), FEB 2015. ISSN 2229-5518.
8. 8. A.E.Narayanan C.Narmadha, Dr.P.Marichamy. A survey on hierarchical-based routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 119(16), 2018. ISSN 663-3676.

9. 9. Yuanchang Zhong, Lin Cheng, Liang Zhang, Yongduan Song, and Hamid Reza Karimi. Energy-efficient routing control algorithm in large-scale wsn for water environment monitoring with application to three gorges reservoir area. The Scientific World Journal,. 2014:9, 2014. doi: 10.1155/2014/802915.
10. 10. Pu-Tai Yang and Seokcheon Lee. A distributed reclustering hierarchy routing protocol using social welfare in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 8(4), 2012.
11. 11. Georgios Smaragdakis, Ibrahim Matta, and Azer Bestavros. Sep: A stable election protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. 2004.
12. 12. Li Qing, Qingxin Zhu, and Mingwen Wang. Design of a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 29(12):2230 – 2237, 2006. ISSN 0140-3664.
13. 13. Satish Kannale Gaikwad Ranjitkumar Sharnappa and Vireshkumar Swamy. Enhanced leach multipath based energy efficient routing for wireless sensor network. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 4(6):6, 2015. ISSN 2278-1021.
14. 14. D. Dudgeon and R.Mersereau. In Multidimensional Digital Signal Processing, chapter 6. Prentice-Hall,Inc., 1984. 15. C.Reed D.Chen K.Yao, R.Hudson and F. Lorenzelli. Blind beamforming on a randomly distributed sensor array system. In Proceedings of SiPS, Oct 1998.
15. 16. O. Younis and S. Fahmy. Heed: a hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 3(4): 366–379, Oct 2004. ISSN 1536-1233.
16. 17. Dong, Q. and W. Dargie. 2013. A survey on mobility and mobilityaware MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks. IEEE communications surveys & tutorials. 15(1): 88-100.
17. 18. Migabo, M.E., K. Djouani, A.M. Kurien and T.O. Olwal.2015. Gradient-based Routing for Energy Consumption Balance in Multiple Sinks-based Wireless Sensor Networks. Procedia Computer Science. 63: 488-493.
18. 19. Mazinani, S.M. and M. Safari. 2015. Secure Localization Approach in Wireless Sensor Network. International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing. 5(6).
19. 20. Migabo, M.E., K. Djouani, A.M. Kurien and T.O. Olwal.2015. Gradient-based Routing for Energy Consumption Balance in Multiple Sinks-based Wireless Sensor Networks. Procedia Computer Science. 63: 488-493