Virulence of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria against Stored Product Pests

Yıl 2015, , 79 - 87, 18.12.2015

Ali Sevim , Elif Sevim , Meryem Demirci

https://doi.org/10.18466/cbujos.71031

Cited By: 3

Öz

Virulence of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria against Stored Product Pests Entomopathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes and protozoa play an important role for regulation of insect pest populations and, this leads to use these microorganisms as biological control agents against pest species as an alternative to chemicals insecticides. In this study, we tested different bacteria originated from stored product pests and fungi isolated from different sources against two important stored product pests, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), under laboratory conditions. Based on the laboratory screening, the highest mortality against A. obtectus within bacteria and fungi was obtained from Staphylococcus kloosii Fbe-10 with 73% and Lecanicillium muscarium ARSEF3600, Beauveria pseudobassiana ARSEF8664 and, Beauveria bassiana ARSEF8668 with 100%, respectively. Also, the highest mycosis within fungi was obtained from Lecanicillium muscarium ARSEF3600 and Beauveria bassiana ARSEF8668 with 100%. The highest mortality against C. maculatus within bacteria and fungi was obtained from Bacillus pumilus Be-2with 57% and Lecanicillium muscarium ARSEF3600, Beauveria pseudobassiana ARSEF8664 and, Beauveria bassiana ARSEF8668 with 100%, respectively. Also, the highest mycosis within fungi was obtained from Beauveria bassiana ARSEF8668 with 90%. These results showed that the fungal isolates used in this study seem to be more effective than bacteria and, should be further investigated in terms of developing microbial control agent against stored product pestsVirulence of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria against Stored Product Pests Entomopathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes and protozoa play an important role for regulation of insect pest populations and, this leads to use these microorganisms as biological control agents against pest species as an alternative to chemicals insecticides. In this study, we tested different bacteria originated from stored product pests and fungi isolated from different sources against two important stored product pests, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), under laboratory conditions. Based on the laboratory screening, the highest mortality against A. obtectus within bacteria and fungi was obtained from Staphylococcus kloosii Fbe-10 with 73% and Lecanicillium muscarium ARSEF3600, Beauveria pseudobassiana ARSEF8664 and, Beauveria bassiana ARSEF8668 with 100%, respectively. Also, the highest mycosis within fungi was obtained from Lecanicillium muscarium ARSEF3600 and Beauveria bassiana ARSEF8668 with 100%. The highest mortality against C. maculatus within bacteria and fungi was obtained from Bacillus pumilus Be-2with 57% and Lecanicillium muscarium ARSEF3600, Beauveria pseudobassiana ARSEF8664 and, Beauveria bassiana ARSEF8668 with 100%, respectively. Also, the highest mycosis within fungi was obtained from Beauveria bassiana ARSEF8668 with 90%. These results showed that the fungal isolates used in this study seem to be more effective than bacteria and, should be further investigated in terms of developing microbial control agent against stored product pests

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bacteria, fungi, microbial control, stored product pests

Depolanmış Ürün Zararlılarına Karşı Entomopatojenik Fungus ve Bakterilerin Virulansları

Öz

Bakteri, fungus, virus, nematod ve protozoa gibi entomopatojenik mikroorganizmalar zararlı böcek popülasyonlarının düzenlenmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadırlar ve bu entomopatojen mikroorganizmaların kimyasal insektisidlere alternative olarak zararlı böceklere karşı biyolojik mücadele etmeni olarak kullanımına yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, depolanmış ürün zararlılarından izole edilen farklı bakteriler ve farklı kaynaklardan izole edilen funguslar iki önemli depolanmış ürün zararlısı olan Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) veCallosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)’a karşı laboratuar koşulları altında test edilmiştir. Laboratuar tarama testlerine göre, A. obtectus’a karşı en yüksek ölüm %73 ile bakteriler arasından Staphylococcus kloosii Fbe-10’dan ve %100 ile funguslar arasındanLecanicillium muscarium ARSEF3600, Beauveria pseudobassiana ARSEF8664 veBeauveria bassiana ARSEF8668’den elde edilmiştir. Funguslar arasından en yüksek mikozlanma oranı ise %100 ile Lecanicillium muscarium ARSEF3600 ve Beauveria bassiana ARSEF8668’den elde edilmiştir. C. maculatus’a karşı ise en yüksek ölüm %57 ile bakteriler arasından Bacillus pumilus Be-2’den ve %100 ile funguslar arasından Lecanicillium muscarium ARSEF3600, Beauveria pseudobassiana ARSEF8664 veBeauveria bassiana ARSEF8668’den elde edilmiştir. Funguslar arasında en yüksek mikozlanma oranı ise %90 ile Beauveria bassiana ARSEF8668’den elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar bu çalışmada kullanılan fungal izolatların bakterilerden daha etkili olduğunu ve bu bakterilerin depolanmış ürün zararlılarına karşı mikrobiyal mücadele etmeni olarak geliştirilmesi amacıyla daha fazla araştırılması gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bakteri, fungus, mikrobiyal mücadele, depolanmış ürün zararlıları

Kaynakça

• Rees, D. Insects of Stored Products; Collingwood VIC, Csiro Publishing: Australia, 2004; 128 p.
• Campbell, J.F.; Arthur, F.H.; Mullen, M.A. Insect Management in Food Processing Facilities. Adv. Food. Nutr. Res. 2004; 48, 240-295.
• Rees, D. Coleoptera. In Integrated Management of Insects in Stored Products; Subramanyam, B., Hagstrum, D.W., Eds., Marcel Dekker: New York, 1996; 1-40.
• Özdem, A. Researches on the Biology of the Bean Weevil [Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Col.: Bruchidae)] in Eskişehir. Bull. Crop. Proc.1997; 37(3-4), 111-118.
• Kang, J.K., Pittendrigh, B.R., Onstad, D.W. Insect Resistance Management for Stored Product Pests: A Case Study of Cowpea Weevil (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 2013; 106(6), 2473-2490.
• El-Aziz, S.E.A. Control Strategies of Stored Product Pests. J. Entomol. 2011; 8(2), 101-122.
• Wakefield, M.E. In Factors affecting storage insect susceptibility to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana,Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, Oct 15-18, 2006; Lorini, I. et al., Eds.; Brazilian Post-harvest Association - ABRAPOS, 2006.
• Khetan, S.K. Microbial Pest Control. Marcel Dekker:NY, USA, 2001, 320 p.
• Lacey, L.A.; Frutos, R.; Kaya, H.K.; Vail, P. Insect Pathogens as Biological Control Agents: Do They Have a Future? Biol. Cont. 2001; 21, 230-248.
• Starnes, R.L.; Liu, C.L.; Marrone, P.G. History, Use and Future of MicrobialInsecticides. Am. Entomol. 1993; 39, 83-91.
• Koul, O.; Dhaliwal, G.S. 2002. Microbial pesticides: An introduction. In Microbial Pesticides; Koul, O. et al., Eds., Taylor and Francisz: New York, 2002; 1-11.
• Lacey, L.A.; Siegel, J.P. Safety and Ecotoxicology of Entomopathogenic Bacteria. In Entomopathogenic Bacteria: from Laboratory to Field Application; Charles, J.F. et al., Eds., Kluwer Academic Publisher: Dordrecht, 2000; 253-273.
• Goettel, M.S.; Eilenberg, J.; Glare, T. Entomopathogenic fungi and their role in regulation of insect populations. InComprehensive Molecular Insect Science; Gilbert, L.I. et al., Eds., Elseiver: Amsterdam, 2005; 361-405.
• St Leger, R.; Roberts, D.W. Engineering Improved Mycoinsecticides. Trend Biotechnol. 1997; 15, 83-86.
• Sevim, A.; Donzelli, B.G.G.; Wu, D.; Demirbag, Z.; Gibson, D.M.; Turgeon, B.G. Hydrophobin Genes of the Entomopathogenic Fungus, Metarhizium brunneum, are Differentially Expressed and Corresponding Mutants are Decreased in Virulence. Curr. Genet. 2012; 58, 79-92.
• Sevim, A.; Demirbag, Z.; Demir, I. A New Study on the Bacteria of Agrotis segetum Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Their Insecticidal Activities. Turk. J. Agric. For. 2010; 34, 333–342.
• Ben-Dov, E.; Boussiba, S.; Zaritsky, A. Mosquito Larvicidal Activity of Escherichia coli with Combinations of Genes from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. J. Bacteriol. 1995; 10, 2581-2587.
• Moar, W.J.; Pusztzai-Carey, M.; Mack, T.P. Toxicity of Purified Proteins and the HD-1 Strain from Bacillus thuringiensis Against Lesser Cornstalk Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 1995; 88 (3), 606-609.
• Sevim, A.; Demir, I.; Sönmez, E.; Kocaçevik, S.; Demirbağ, Z. Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against the SycamoreLace Bug, Corythucha ciliata (Say) (Hemiptera: Tingidae).Turk. J. Agric. For. 2013; 37 (5), 595-603.
• Sevim, A.; Demir, I.; Höfte, M.; Humber, R.A.; Demirbag, Z. Isolation and Characterization of Entomopathogenic Fungi from Hazelnut-Growing Region of Turkey. BioControl. 2010; 55, 279-297.
• Abbott, W.S. A Method of Computing the Effectiveness of an Insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol. 1925; 18, 265-267.
• Emekci, M.; Ferizli, A.G. Current Status of Stored Product Protection in Turkey. IOBC WPRS Bull. 2000; 23 (10), 39-45.
• Danışmazoğlu, M.; Demir, İ.; Sevim, A.; Demirbağ, Z.; Nalçacıoğlu, R. An Investigation on the Bacterial Flora of Agriotes lineatus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and Pathogenicity of the Flora Members. Crop Prot. 2012; 40, 1-7.
• Demirci, M.; Sevim, E.; Demir, İ.; Sevim, A. Culturable Bacterial Microbiota of Plagiodera versicolora (L.)(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Virulence of the Isolated Strains. Folia Microbiol. 2013; 58, 201-210.
• Sevim, E.; Çelebi, Ö.; Sevim, A. Determination of the Bacterial Flora as a Microbial Control Agentof Toxoptera aurantii (Homoptera: Aphididae).Biologia 2012; 67(2), 397-404.
• Özkan Çakıcı, F.; Sevim, A.; Demirbağ, Z.; Demir, İ. Investigating Internal Bacteria of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae and Some Bacillus Strains as Biocontrol Agents.Turk. J. Agric. For. 2014; 38, 99-110.
• Kuzina, L.V.; Peloquin, J.J.; Vacek, D.C.; Miller, T.A. Isolation andIdentification of Bacteria Associated with Adult Laboratory MexicanFruit Flies, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). Curr. Microbiol. 2001; 42, 290-294.
• Gilmore, M. The Enterococci: Pathogenesis, Molecular Biology, and Antibiotic Resistance. American Society for Microbiology Press: Washington DC, USA, 2002; 439 p.
• Channaiah, L.H.; Subramanyam, B.; McKinney, L.J.; Zurek, L. Stored-Product Insects Carry Antibiotic-Resistant and Potentially Virulent Enterococci. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2010; 74, 464-471.
• Hajek, A. Natural enemies: An introduction to biological control. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2004; 396 p.
• Priest, F.G.Systematics and Ecology of Bacillus. In Bacillus subtilis and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Molecular Genetics; Sonenshein, A.L. et al., Eds., ASM Press: Washington DC, 1993; 3–16.
• Molina, C.A.; Cana-Roca, J.F.; Osuna, A.; Vilchez, S. Selection of a Bacillus pumilus Strain Highly Active against Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) Larvae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2010; 76(5), 1320-1327.
• Sreerag, R.S.; Jayaprakas, C.A.; Ragesh, L.; Kumar, S.N. Endosymbiotic Bacteria Associated with the Mealy Bug, Rhizoecus amorphophalli (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Int. Sch. Res. 2014, DOI: 10.1155/2014/268491.
• Molina, C.A.; Vilchez, S. Cooperation and Bacterial Pathogenicity: An Approach to Social Evolution. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 2014; 87, 14.
• Gul, H.T.; Saeed, S.; Khan, F.Z.A. Entomopathogenic Fungi as Effective Insect Pest Management Tactic: A Review. Appl. Sci. Bus. Econ. 2014; 1(1), 10-18.
• Sevim, A.; Demir, İ.; Demirbağ, Z. Molecular Characterization and Virulence of Beauveria spp. from the Pine Processionary Moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Mycopathologia 2010; 170, 269-277.