Viable Airborne Fungi of Outdoor Environments of Yunusemre District, Manisa, Turkey

Öz

This research is on the viable air fungi was sampling during 12 months in the different points of Yunusemre. Fungal propagules were collected each month from eight isolation points. The concentrations of fungi were reported as cfu / m³ of air. Fungal identification was made according to their micro and macro morphological characters through the literature. As a result, the average concentration of culturable fungi is 412 cfu / m³ in Yunusemre air. 36 species in 9 genus were identified in this research. Penicillium is the most plenty genus that more than 33% of the all isolated fungi. Cladosporium was the preponderant fungal genus.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Airborne fungi
• bioaerosol
• fungal allergy
• outdoor air
• yunusemre

Kaynakça

1. 1. Hussein, K, Hargreaves, M, Smith, J, Ristovsky, Z, Agranovsky, V, Morawska, L. 2008. Performance of UVAPS with respect to detection of airborne fungi. Journal of Aerosol Science; 39: 175-189.
2. 2. Anaya, M, Borrego, SF, Gamez, E, Castro, M, Molina, A, Valdes, O. 2016. Viable fungi in the air of indoor environments of the National Archive of the Republic of Cuba. Aerobiologia; 32: 513-527.
3. 3. Kalyoncu, F. 2010. Relationship between airborne fungal allergens and meteorological factors in Manisa city, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring Assessments; 165: 553-558.
4. 4. Borrego, S, Perdomo, I. 2012. Aerobiological investigations inside repositories of the National Archive of the Republic of Cuba. Aerobiologia; 28: 303-316.
5. 5. Fang, Z, Ouyang, Z, Hu, L, Wang, XZ, H, LX. 2005. Culturable airborne fungi in outdoor environments in Beijing, China. Science and Total Environment; 350: 47-58.
6. 6. Sadys, M, Adams-Groom, B, Herbert, RJ, Kennedy, R. 2016. Comparison of fungal spore distributions using air sampling at Worcester, England (2006-2010). Aerobiologia; 32: 619-634.
7. 7. Levetin, E, Horner, WE, Scott, JA. 2016. Taxonomy of allergenic fungi. Journal of Allergy Clinical Immunology; 4(3): 375-385.
8. 8. Cvetnic, Z, Pepeljnjak, S. 1997. Distribution and mycotoxin-producing ability of some fungal isolates from the air. Atmospheric Environment; 31(3): 491-495.

9. 9. Adhikari, A, Sen, MM, Bhattcharya, SG, Chanda, S. 2004. Airborne viable, non-viable and allergenic fungi in a rural agricultural area of India. Science and Total Environment; 326: 123-141.
10. 10. Gelincik, AA, Buyukozturk, S, Gul, H, Gungor, G, Issever, H, Cagatay, A. 2005. The effects of indoor fungi on the symptoms of patients with allergic rhinitis in Istanbul. Indoor Built Environment; 14: 427-432.
11. 11. Colakoglu, G. 2004. Indoor and outdoor mycoflora in the different districts of the city of Istanbul (Turkey). Indoor Built Environment; 13: 91-100.
12. 12. Grbic, ML, Stupar, M, Vukojevic, J, Maricic, I, Bungur, N. 2013.Molds in museum environments: 2013. Biodeterioration of art photographs and wooden sculptures. Archives of Biological Science; 65 (3): 955-962.
13. 13. Asan, A, İlhan, S, Şen, B, Erkara, IP, Filik, C, Çabuk, A, Demirel, R, Türe, M, Okten, SS, Tokur, S. 2004. Airborne fungi and actinomycetes concentrations in the air of Eskişehir City (Turkey). Indoor Built Environment; 13: 63-74.
14. 14. Domsch, KH, Gams, W, Anderson, TH. Compendium of Soil Fungi. Volume: 1-2, Academic Press, 1980.
15. 15. Samson, RA, Pitt, JI. Integration of Modern Taxonomic Methods for Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsteldijk, ISBN: 978-9058231598, 2000.
16. 16. Klich, MA. Identification of common Aspergillus species. First Edition, CBS Publication, Utrecht, ISBN: 978-9070351465, 2002.
17. 17. Samson, RA, Hoekstra, ES, Frisvad, JC. Introduction to food and airborne fungi. CBS Publication, Holland, ISBN: 978-9070351526, 2004.
18. 18. Tilak, ST. 1991. Fungal spores and allergy. Journal of Palynology; 27: 369-389.
19. 19. Picco, AM, Rodolfi, M. 2000. Airborne fungi as biocontaminants at two Milan underground stations. International Journal of Biodeterioration and Biodegradation; 45: 43-47.
20. 20. Su, HJJ, Chen, HL, Huang, CF, Lin, CY, Li, FC, Milton, DK. 2002. Airborne fungi and endotoxin concentrations in different areas within textile plants in Taiwan. Environmental Research Section; 89: 58-65.
21. 21. Valle-Aguirre, G, Velazquez-del Valle, MG, Corona-Rangel, ML, Amora-Lazcano, E, Hernandez-Lauzardo, AN. 2016. First aeromycological study in an avocado agroecosystem in Mexico. Aerobiologia; 32: 657-667.