Fenoxycarb Effects 7th instar Galleria mellonella Larvae by Triggering Extra Larval Stages

Öz

Insect growth regulators are specific chemicals with hormonal effects on insects and these types of chemicals target to reduce the nonspecific effects of pesticides on nature and living things. In this study, we investigated the effects of one of the insect growth regulators, fenoxycarb which mimics the juvenile hormone action, on the growth of a harmful lepidopteran species Galleria mellonella, and it’s some developmental parameters. For this purpose, fenoxycarb was applied on day 0 of 7th instar larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. The treatment with 100 ng fenoxycarb had no developmental effect on Galleria mellonella larvae. The treatment with relatively high doses of fenoxycarb on day 0 induced the supernumerary larvae formation of 99% and larvae which molted extra larval instar formed healthy pupae in the ratio of 98-99%. Consequently, the effects of fenoxycarb on Galleria mellonella larvae occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Although fenoxycarb is a potent insect growth regulator, late Galleria mellonella larvae are not susceptible to this chemical, unlike some other Lepidopter insect species.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• development
• fenoxycarb
• Galleria mellonella
• juvenile hormone

Kaynakça

1. Referans1. Kamimura, M, Kiuchi, M. 1998. Effects of a juvenile hormone analog, fenoxycarb, on 5th stadium larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology; 33(2): 333-338.
2. Referans2. Ciemior, KE, Sehnal, F, Schneiderman, HA. 1979. Molting, Growth and Survival of Galleria mellonella L. (Lep, Pyralidae) Treated with Juvenoids. Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Entomologie-Journal of Applied Entomology; 88(4): 414-425.
3. Referans3. Silhacek, DL, Oberlander H. 1975. Time-dosage studies of juvenile hormone action on the development of Plodia interpunctella. Journal of insect physiology, 21(1), 153-161.
4. Referans4. Dedos, SG, Szurdoki, F, Székács, A, Shiotsuki, T, Hammock, BD, Shimada, J, Fugo, H. 2002. Fenoxycarb levels and their effects on general and juvenile hormone esterase activity in the hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 73(3): 174-187.
5. Referans5. Grenier, S, Grenier AM. 1993. Fenoxycarb, a fairly new Insect Growth Regulator: Review of its effects on insects. Annals of Applied Biology; 122(2): 369-403.B
6. Referans6. Beckage, NE, Rechcigl, J, Rechcigl, N. 2000. Insect growth regulators. Biological and biotechnological control of insect pests, 123-137.
7. Referans7. Karlson, P. 1956. Biochemical studies on insect hormones. Academic Press: In Vitamins & Hormones; 14: 227-266.
8. Referans8. Beck, SD. 1960. Growth and Development of The Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Galleriidae). Visconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters; 49: 137-148.

9. Referans9. Sehnal, F, Meyer, AS. 1968. -Larval-pupal transformation: control by juvenile hormone. Science; 159(3818): 981-4.
10. Referans10. Richman, K, Oberlander, H. 1971. -Effects of fat body on α-ecdysone induced morphogenesis in cultured wing disks of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella. Journal of Insect Physiology; 17(2): 269-276.
11. Referans11. Bronskill, JA. 1961. A cage to simplify the rearing of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal the Lepidopterists' Society; 15: 102-104.
12. Referans12. Uwo, MF, Ui-Tei, K, Park, P, Takeda, M. 2002. Replacement of midgut epithelium in the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, during larval-pupal moult. Cell Tissue Research; 308(2): 319-31.
13. Referans13. Jindra, M, Riddiford, LM. 1996. Expression of ecdysteroid-regulated transcripts in the silk gland of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella. Development genes and Evolution; 206(5): 305-314.
14. Referans14. Sehna,l F, Janda, V, Němec, V. 1983. Composition, synthetic and cytolytic activities of Galleria mellonella silk glands during the last-larval instar under the action of juvenile hormone. Journal of Insect Physiology; 29(3): 237-248.
15. Referans15. Retnakaran, A. 1973. Hormonal induction of supernumerary instars in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist; 105(3): 459-461.
16. Referans16. Beck S. D., 1970. -Neural and Hormonal Control of Pupation in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Galleriidae). Annuals of the Entomological Society of America. 63(1): 144-149.
17. Referans17. Sehnal, F, Metwall, MM, Elbie, I. 1976. Reactions of immature stages of noctuid moths to juvenoids. Z. ang. Ent; 81, 85-102.
18. Referans18. Sehnal, F. 1968. Influence of the corpus allatum on the development of internal organs in Galleria mellonella L. Journal of Insect Physiology; 14(1), 73-85.
19. Referans19. Singh, P, Dugdale, J. 1979. Morphogenetic and physiological effects of a juvenile hormone analogue on the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology; 6: 381-387.
20. Referans20. Goncu, E, Parlak, O. 2012. The effect of the juvenile hormone analog, fenoxycarb, on ecdysone receptor B1 expression in the midgut of Bombyx mori during larval-pupal metamorphosis. Folia Histochemistry Cytobiology; 50(1): 52-7.
21. Referans21. Fujiwara, H, Ogai, S. 2001. Ecdysteroid-induced programmed cell death and cell proliferation during pupal wing development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Development Genes & Evolution; 211(3).
22. Referans22. Gadenne, C, Grenier, S, Plantevin, G, Mauchamp, B. 1991. Effects of a juvenile hormone mimetic, fenoxycarb, on post-embryonic development of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. Hbn. Experientia; 46(7): 744-747.
23. Referans23. Leonardi, MG, Cappellozza, S, Ianne, P, Cappellozza, L, Parenti, P, Giordana, B. 1996. Effects of the topical application of an insect growth regulator (fenoxycarb) on some physiological parameters in the fifth instar larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; 113(2), 361-365.
24. Referans24. Sehnal, F. 1971. Juvenile hormone action and insect growth rate. Endocrinologia Experimentalis; 5: 29-33.
25. Referans25. Callier, V, Nijhout, HF. 2011. Control of body size by oxygen supply reveals size-dependent and size-independent mechanisms of molting and metamorphosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; 108(35): 14664-14669.