Adhesive Behavior of the Pack-Borided AISI 304L Steel with Microwave Hybrid Heating

Öz

Pack-boriding was applied to AISI 304L stainless steel material at temperatures of 850, 900 and 950 °C for 2, 4 and 6 hours with microwave hybrid heating method. The morphology of the boride layer formed on the surface of the samples was examined by optical microscope, and the phases formed in the layer were determined by XRD. The analysis of the adhesive strength of the boride layer to the substrate material was carried out by the Daimler-Benz Rockwell-C adhesion test. The tests were repeated at least 3 times for each of the pack-borided samples at all process temperatures and times. After the adhesion tests, macro and SEM images of indentation traces were taken. By analysing the indentation craters, it has been determined whether the damages are acceptable or not with reference to the VDI 3198 standard. The indentation craters formed on the pack-borided AISI 304L stainless steel sample surfaces at 850 °C with microwave hybrid heating method in all process times, for 2 and 4 hours at 900 °C, and 2 hours at 950 °C have the best adhesion quality in the HF1 category of the VDI 3198 norm.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adhesion test
• Daimler-Benz Rockwell-C
• microwave hybrid heating
• pack-boriding
• VDI 3198 norm

Kaynakça

1. 1. Morón, RC, Hernández-Onofre, I, Contla-Pacheco, AD, Bravo-Bárcenas, D, Campos-Silva, I. 2020. Friction and reciprocating wear behavior of borided AISI H13 steel under dry and lubricated conditions. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance; 29: 4529-4540.
2. 2. Kayali, Y, Büyüksagis, A, Yalcin, Y. 2013. Corrosion and wear behaviors of boronized AISI 316L stainless steel. Metals and Materials International; 19(5): 1053-1061.
3. 3. Alias, SK, Abdullah, B, Talari, M, Jumadin, MH, Idham, MF, Ismail, A. 2017. Effect of pack boronizing on microstructure and microhardness of 304 stainless steel. Key Engineering Materials; 740: 54-59.
4. 4. Kayali, Y. 2013. Investigation of the diffusion kinetics of borided stainless steels. The Physics of Metals and Metallography; 114(12): 1061–1068.
5. 5. Günen, A, Kurt, B, Somunkıran, İ, Kanca, E, Orhan, N. 2015. The effect of process conditions in heat-assisted boronizing treatment on the tensile and bending strength characteristics of the AISI-304 austenitic stainless steel. The Physics of Metals and Metallography; 116(9): 896–907.
6. 6. Calik, A, Simsek, M, Karakas, MS, Ucar, N. 2014. Effect of boronizing on microhardness and wear resistance of steel AISI 1050 and chilled cast iron. Metal Science and Heat Treatment; 56: 89-92.
7. 7. Yilmaz, SO, Teker, T, Karatas, S. 2016. Wear behavior of iron boride coating on AISI 4140. Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces; 52(1): 119-127.
8. 8. Gunes, I. 2013. Wear behaviour of plasma paste boronized of AISI 8620 steel with borax and B2O3 paste mixtures. Journal of Materials Science & Technology; 29(7): 662-668.

9. 9. Ulutan, M, Celik, ON, Gasan, H, Er, U. 2010. Effect of different surface treatment methods on the friction and wear behavior of AISI 4140 steel. Journal of Materials Science & Technology; 26(3): 251-257.
10. 10. Béjar, MA, Moreno, E. 2006. Abrasive wear resistance of boronized carbon and low-alloy steels. Journal of Materials Processing Technology; 173: 352-358.
11. 11. Carrera-Espinoza, R, Figueroa-López, U, Martínez-Trinidad, J, Campos-Silva, I, Hernández-Sánchez, E, Motallebzadeh, A. 2016. Tribological behavior of borided AISI 1018 steel under linear reciprocating sliding conditions. Wear; 362-363: 1-7.
12. 12. Tabur, M, Izciler, M, Gul, F, Karacan, I. 2009. Abrasive wear behavior of boronized AISI 8620 steel. Wear; 266: 1106-1112.
13. 13. Aichholz, SAC, Meruvia, MS, Júnior, PCS, Torres, RD. 2018. Tribocorrosion behavior of boronized AISI 4140 steel. Surface and Coatings Technology; 352: 265-272.
14. 14. Bartkowska, A, Bartkowski, D, Swadźba, R, Przestacki, D, Miklaszewski, A. 2018. Microstructure, chemical composition, wear, and corrosion resistance of FeB–Fe2B–Fe3B surface layers produced on Vanadis-6 steel using CO2 laser. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology; 95: 1763-1776.
15. 15. Gunes, I, Ulker, S, Taktak, S. 2011. Plasma paste boronizing of AISI 8620, 52100 and 440C steels. Materials and Design; 32: 2380–2386.
16. 16. Kayali, Y, Günes, I, Ulu, S. 2012. Diffusion kinetics of borided AISI 52100 and AISI 440C steels. Vacuum; 86: 1428-1434.
17. 17. Ozbek, I, Sen, S, Ipek, M, Bindal, C, Zeytin, S, Ucisik, AH. 2004. A mechanical aspect of borides formed on the AISI 440C stainless-steel. Vacuum; 73: 643–648.
18. 18. Günen, A, Kanca, E, Demir M, Er, Y, Sağlam, G, Gök, MS. 2017. Micro-abrasion wear behavior of fast borided steel tooth drill bits. Tribology Transactions; 60(2): 267-275.
19. 19. Gunes, I, Kanat, S. 2015. Diffusion kinetics and characterization of borided AISI D6 steel. Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces; 51(5): 842-846.
20. 20. Akkaş, M, Islak, S, Özorak, C. 2018. Corrosion and wear properties of Cu-TiC composites produced by hot pressing technique. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science; 14(4): 465-469.
21. 21. Kumar, GBV, Rao, CSP, Selvaraj, N. 2011. Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Particulate Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites – a review. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering; 10(1): 59-91.
22. 22. Taktak, S, Tasgetiren S. 2006. Identification of Delamination Failure of Boride Layer on Common Cr-Based Steels. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance; 15(5): 570-574.
23. 23. Krelling, AP, Costa, CE, Milan, JCG, Almeida, EAS. 2017. Micro-abrasive wear mechanisms of borided AISI 1020 steel. Tribology International; 111: 234-242.
24. 24. Vidakis, N, Antoniadis, A, Bilalis, N. 2003. The VDI 3198 indentation test evaluation of a reliable qualitative control for layered compounds. Journal of Materials Processing Technology; 143–144: 481–485.
25. 25. Verein Deutscher Ingenieure Normen, VDI 3198, VDI-Verlag, Dusseldorf, 1991.