Utilization of Bergama Gold Tailings as an Additive in the Mortar

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 0 - , 23.12.2015

Kubra Kunt Meral Yıldırım Fatma Dur Emek Derun Sabriye Pişkin

https://doi.org/10.18466/cbujos.89776

Cited By: 6

Öz

Bergama is the first gold mine in the history of Turkish Republic and currently one of the operating gold mine in Turkey. About 3 tons of gold and equal amounts of silver are mined each year. The estimated ore reserves at the Bergama gold mine are 2.4 million tons with about 10 g Au per tonne of ore. About 277.882 tons of the tailings slurry of gold mine treatment is produced every year during the recovery of gold. Increasing amounts of tailings slurry cause a problem in large disposal areas. Therefore, the recycling of this kind of slurries into useful materials is quite important in terms of economic and environmental aspects.

The aim of this study was the investigation of utilization of the gold tailings as an additive material in Portland cement production. For this purpose, the effects of the gold tailings on the compressive strength properties of Portland cement were investigated. Cement mortars were prepared with Portland cement (CEM I 42,5 N) and dried gold tailings. Gold tailings with different ratios (5, 10, 15, 20, 25%) were added as cement additive in the mortar. The fresh properties of mortar such as consistency and setting time were investigated by using Flow table and Standard Vicat apparatus. The mortars were tested for compressive and flexural strength values after 3, 7 and 28 days. Mineralogical composition and microstructure of the 28-day mortars were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to results, it can be concluded that the tailings are eligible for mortar aggregate and the optimum ratio of gold tailings is 5%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

gold tailings; setting time; compressive strength; XRD; SEM

Kaynakça

• B. G. Lottermoser, Mine Wastes: Characterization, Treatment, Environmental Impacts, Second Edition, Berlin: Springer Publishing , 2007.
• S. Karahan and G. Onal, “BAT practice at Ovacik gold mine”, In: Proceedings of X Balkan Mineral Processing Congress, Mineral Processing in the 21st Century, Varna, Bulgaria, University of Mining and Geology, Bulgaria, June 2003.
• A. Akcil, “Managing cyanide: health, safety and risk management practices at Turkey’s Ovacik goldesilver mine”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 14, pp. 727-735, 2006.
• M. S. Yilmaz and S. Piskin, “Extraction of silicon from tailings slurry of gold mine treatment plant by alkali fusion technique”, International Journal of Chemical, Environmental & Biological Sciences (IJCEBS), vol.1, pp.211-213, 2013.
• W. Z Wang and C. G. Yang, “Comprehensive Utilization and Resources of Gold Mining Tailings”, Key Engineering Materials, pp. 1438-1441, 2011.
• J. K Leea, J. Q. Shangb and S. Jeong, “Thermo-mechanical properties and microfabric of flyash-stabilized gold tailings”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 274, pp. 323-331, 2014.
• H. N Ramesh, A. J. Krishnaiah and M. D. Supriya, “Effect of Lime on the Compaction and Strength Behaviour of Red Earth treated with Mine Tailings”, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSRJMCE), vol.2, pp. 01-06, 2012.
• S. Vignesh, B. M. Reddy and S. S Nachiar, “Effect of Partial Replacement of Natural Sand With Gold Mine Tailings on Some Properties of Masonry Mortars”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), vol.4, pp. 583-586, 2015.
• M. Malatse and S. Ndlovu, “The viability of using the Witwatersrand gold mine tailings for brickmaking”, The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol.115, pp. 321-327, 2015.
• Turkish Standard, (TS EN-196-1), Methods of testing cement - Part 1: Determination of strength, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, Turkey, 2009.
• R. Haddad and M. J. Shannag, “Performance of Jordanian Masonry Cement for Construction Purposes”, Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, vol.2, pp. 20-31, 2008.
• Turkish Standard, (TS EN 12350-5), Testing fresh concrete - Part 5: Flow table test, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, Turkey, 2010.
• R .R. C. Piyasena, P. A. T. S. Premerathne, B. T. D Perera and S. M. A Nanayakkara, “Evaluation of Initial Setting Time of Fresh Concrete”, National Engineering Conference 2013, 19Th Eru Symposium, Faculty Of Engineering, University Of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2013.
• Turkish Standard, (TS EN 480-2), Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Test methods - Part 2: Determination of setting time, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, Turkey, 2008.
• Turkish Standard, (TS EN 12390-3), Testing hardened concrete-Part 3:Compressive strength of test specimens, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, Turkey, 2010.
• Turkish Standard, (TS EN 12390-5), Testing hardened concrete - Part 5: Flexural strength of test specimens, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara, Turkey, 2010.