Central Composite and Factorial Design of Experiments for Textile Dye Removal from Solution by Pumice, KOH-Pumice, HCl-Pumice, Kaolinite, KOH-Kaolinite, HCl-Kaolinite Clays

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 25 - 34, 30.09.2024

Mustafa Korkmaz

https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.1485528

Öz

The pollution of surface waters by the textile dye-containing wastewaters causes to an increasing concern throughout the world. Methyl violet is a toxic, mutagenic and harmful textile dye against humans. Clays are cheap and vast adsorbents in the nature. Methyl violet dye removal from solution was studied by raw pumice and raw kaolinite using the central composite experimental design method. Firstly, raw kaolinite and raw pumice were tested for the dye adsorption and then capacities of raw kaolinite and raw pumice were aimed to increase by KOH and HCl modification. The experimental parameters studied for the central composite design were initial pHs (2-10), adsorbent amounts (0.2-1 g/50 mL) and initial concentrations (100-500 mg/L). In central composite experimental design of raw kaolinite and raw pumice, the all parameters were found as statistically unimportant for kaolinite and pH, pH-pH, concentration-concentration parameters were found statistically important and other parameters were unimportant for raw pumice. Maximum capacities for raw pumice and raw kaolinite were calculated as 7.15 and 18.31 mg/g, respectively. The dye removal of KOH-pumice and KOH-kaolinite were not high from raw pumice and raw kaolinite. HCl modified kaolinite and pumice were ineffective for dye removal. Kinetics of dye removal by raw kaolinite fitted to the pseudo second order model. pHpzc values of raw pumice and raw kaolinite were found as 6, respectively. Dye removal was obtained as 90% for 50 mg/L dye concentration by kaolinite. Raw kaolinite was determined as the most effective adsorbent for dye concentrations especially below 100 mg/L.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaolinite, modified-kaolinite, methyl violete removal, modified-pumice, pumice, Optimization

Kaynakça

• [1]. Artifon, W, Cesca, K, Andrade, C.J, Souza, A.A.U, Oliveira, D. (2021). Dyestuffs from textile industry wastewaters: Trends and gaps in the use of bioflocculants. Process Biochemistry, 111:181-190.
• [2]. Korkmaz, M, Özmetin, C, Fil, B.A, Özmetin, E, and Yaşar, Y. (2013). Methyl violet dye adsorption onto clinoptilolite (natural zeolite): isotherm and kinetic study. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin; 22(5): 1524-1533.
• [3]. Shi, B, Li, G, Wang, D, Feng, C, Tang, H. (2007). Removal of direct dyes by coagulation: The performance of preformed polymeric aluminum species. Journal of Hazardous Materials; 143(1–2): 567-574.
• [4]. Wei, M.C, Wang, K.S, Huang, C.L, Chiang, C.W, Chang, T.J, Lee, S.S, Chang, S.H. (2012). Improvement of textile dye removal by electrocoagulation with low-cost steel wool cathode reactor. Chemical Engineering Journal; 192: 37-44.
• [5]. Nandhini, M, Suchithra, B, and Prakash, D.G, Saravanathamizhan, R. (2014). Optimization of parameters for dye removal by electro-oxidation using Taguchi Design. Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering; 4(4): 227-234.
• [6]. Fernandes, N.C, Brito, L.B, Costa, G.G, Taveira, S. F, Cunha–Filho, M.S.S, Oliveira, G.A.R, Marreto, R.N. (2018). Removal of azo dye using Fenton and Fenton-like processes: Evaluation of process factors by Box–Behnken design and ecotoxicity tests. Chemico-Biological Interactions; 291: 47-54.
• [7]. Crini, G, Torri, G, Lichtfouse, E, Kyzas, G.Z., Wilson, L.D., Morin-Crini , N. (2019). Dye removal by biosorption using cross-linked chitosan-based hydrogels. Environmental Chemistry Letters; 17:1645–1666.
• [8]. Tahir, S.S., Rauf, N. (2006). Removal of a cationic dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto bentonite clay. Chemosphere; 63:1842-1848.
• [9] Korkmaz, M, Özmetin, C, Özmetin, E, Çalgan, E, Süzen, Y. (2021). Boron Removal by Aluminum Modified Pumice and Aluminum Hydroxide from Boron Mine Wastewater-Full Factorial Experimental Design. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi; 10(1): 1-13.
• [10]. Karaoğlu, M.H, Doğan, M, Alkan, M. (2009). Removal of cationic dyes by kaoliniteite. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials; 122: 20–27.
• [11]. Korkmaz, M, Özmetin, C, Süzen, Y, Mutlu, A. (2022). Boron Adsorption on Lime Soil and Phytoremediation of Lime Soil by Potato Plant (Solanum Tuberosum L.). Celal Bayar University Journal of Science; 18: 239-247.
• [12]. Minitab 16.0 programme help tool
• [13]. Öztürk, N, Köse, T.E. (2008). Boron removal from aqueous solutions by ion-exchange resin: Batch studies. Desalination; 227: 233–240.
• [14]. Kavak, D. (2009). Removal of boron from aqueous solutions by batch adsorption on calcined alunite using experimental design. Journal of Hazardous Materials; 163: 308–314.
• [15]. Özdemir, Y, Doğan, M, and Alkan, M. (2006). Adsorption of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions by Sepiolite. Microporous Mesoporous Materials; 96: 419–427.
• [16]. Kerzabi, Y, Benomara, A, and Merghache, S. (2022). Removal of methyl violet 2B dye from aqueous solution by adsorption onto raw and modified carobs (Ceratonia siliqua L.). Global NEST Journal; 24(4): 706-719.
• [17]. Korkmaz, M, Özmetin, C, Özmetin, E, Çalgan, E, Ziyanak, Ö. (2022). Boron Removal from Colemanite Mine Wastewater by Coagulation using Zinc Hydroxide―A Factorial Optimization Study. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science; 18(1), 77-83.
• [18]. Özmetin,C, Aydın, Ö, Kocakerim, M.M, Korkmaz, M, Özmetin, E. (2009). An empirical kinetic model for calcium removal from calcium impurity-containing saturated boric acid solution by ion exchange technology using Amberlite IR–120 resin. Chemical Engineering Journal; 148: 420–424.
• [19]. Yılmaz, A.E, (2009). Endüstriyel atıksulardan elektrokoagülasyon yöntemi ile bor giderimi. Doktora tezi Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Erzurum, Türkiye.
• [20]. Ho, Y. S., McKay, G. (1998). Sorption of dye from aqueous Solution by Peat. Chemical Engineering Journal; 70(2): 115–124.