Philosophical Way of Life of Socrates(es)

Öz

Socrates’s way of life and his philosophy together created a monument for the future. When his way of life is questioned, that means his philosophy is examined at the same time. But because Socrates himself never wrote and only “lived”, we encounter different profiles of Socrates about this life. While in Plato’s texts, Socrates and his concepts and methods are showing us a certain Socrates; in Xenophon’s texts, Socrates and his concepts and methods offer us another Socrates profile. Although both Plato's Socrates and Xenophon's Socrates are consistent and complete within themselves, when we bring them together, they show the Socrates monument in two parts. The purpose of this text is precisely this point because it will take into account the location, interlocutor and method of both Socrates of Plato and Socrates of Xenophon. Although there are differences between the concepts and methods of these two Socrateses, it is claimed that these two Socrateses complement each other.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Socrates
• Xenophon
• Philosophical
• Way of Life

Sokrates(ler)’in Felsefî Yaşam Biçimi

Öz

Sokrates, felsefesinin yaşam biçimi, yaşam biçiminin ise felsefesi olan bir anıtı miras bırakmıştır. Onun yaşam biçimi sorgulandığında felsefesi, felsefesi sorgulandığında ise yaşam biçimi incelenmeye başlanmış demektir. Fakat Sokrates, kendisi hiç yazmadığı ve yalnızca “yaşadığı” için, bu yaşama dair farklı Sokrates profilleriyle karşılaşırız. Platon’da karşımıza çıkan Sokrates ve onun kavram ve yöntemleri bize belirli bir Sokrates’i gösterirken, Xenophon’da karşımıza çıkan Sokrates ve onun kavram ve yöntemi bize başka bir Sokrates’i sunar. Hem Platon’un Sokrates’i hem de Xenophon’un Sokrates’i kendi içlerinde tutarlı ve bütünlüklü olmasına rağmen bunları yan yana getirdiğimizde Sokrates anıtını iki parçalı gibi gösterir. Bu metnin amacı tam da bu noktadadır zira hem Platon’un Sokrates’inin hem de Xenophon’un Sokrates’inin konuştuğu konumu, onların muhatabını ve yöntemini göz önünde bulundurur. Bu çalışmada, bu “iki” Sokrates’in kavramları ve yöntemi arasında farklar olmakla birlikte, birbirini tamamladığı iddia edilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sokrates
• Xenophon
• Felsefî
• Yaşam Biçimi

Kaynakça

1. Ahbel-Rappe, S. (2009). Socratic Method and Epistemology. Socrates: A Guide for thePerplexed içinde, (s. 64-80). London: Continuum.
2. Benson, H. H. (2000). Socratic Wisdom: The Model Of Knowledge In Plato's Early Dialogues. New York: Oxford University Press.
3. Brickhouse, T. (2007). Socrates on Akrasia, Knowledge, and the Power of Appearance. Akrasia in Greek Philosophy From Socrates to Plotinus içinde (s. 1-19). Edited by Christopher Bobonich and Pierre Destrée. Boston: Brill.
4. Brunschwig, J. (2012). Introduction: the beginnings of Hellenistic epistemology. Pursuits of Wisdom Six Ways of Life in Ancient Philosophy from Socrates to Plotinus içinde (251-260), Princeton: Princeton University Press.
5. Cooper, J. M. (2012). The Socratic Way of Life. Pursuits of Wisdom Six Ways of Life in Ancient Philosophy from Socrates to Plotinus içinde (24-70). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
6. Dorion, L. (2006). Xenophon’s Socrates. A companion to Socrates içinde (s. 93-109). Edited by Sara Ahbel-Rappe and Rachana Kamtekar, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
7. Döring, K. (2011). The Students of Socrates. The Cambridge companion to Socrates içinde (s.24-47), edited by Donald R. Morrison, New York: Cambridge University Press.
8. Hadot, P. (1999). Philosophy as a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault. Translated by Michael Chase, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

9. Hintikka, J. (2011). Socratic Epistemology Explorations of Knowledge-Seeking by Questioning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10. Johnson, M. D. (2005). Xenophon at his Most Socratic (Memorabilia 4. 2). Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy. Vol. xxix, Ozford: Oxford University Press. s. 39-75.
11. Long, A.A. (1999). The Socratic Legacy. The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy içinde (s. 617-639), edited by Keimpe Algra, New York: Cambridge University Press.
12. Morrison, D.R. (2010). Xenophon's Socrates as Teacher. Xenophon içinde (s. 195-227), ed. V. Gray, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13. Pangle, T. L. (2018). The Socratic way of life: Xenophon’s Memorabilia, Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
14. Platon (2016). Euthypyron, çev. Furkan Aldemir, İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
15. Rowe, C. (2016). Socrates in Plato’s Dialogues. A companion to Socrates içinde (s. 159-171). Edited by Sara Ahbel-Rappe and Rachana Kamtekar, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
16. Rowett, C. (2002). Knowledge and Truth in Plato: Stepping Past the Shadow of Socrates, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
17. Tarrant, H. (2006). Socratic Method and Socratic Truth. A companion to Socrates içinde (s. 254-275). Edited by Sara Ahbel-Rappe and Rachana Kamtekar, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
18. Seel, G. (2006). If you Know What is Best, you Do it: Socratic Intellectualism in Xenophon and Plato. Remembering Socrates Philosophical Essays içinde (s. 20-50). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
19. Xenophon (1997). Memorabilia, Oeconomicus, Symposium, Apology, çeviren E. C. Marchant – O. J. Todd, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.