Financing of Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Foundation Phase: Sample of Turkish Restaurant Owners in Sweden/Gothenburg

Öz

The aim of this study is to investigate challenges of immigrant restaurant owner entrepreneurs in Gothenburg (Welfare State Sweden's second largest region after Stockholm) regarding foundation phase financing; and to investigate what their solutions are to those problems. It is often discussed in public and academic platforms that immigrant entrepreneurs experience discrimination in the credit markets, and their access to financial capital is limited, even some has to close their businesses in the Scandinavian welfare state model. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with nine entrepreneurs, by using snowball sampling technique. Among those nine, only one could use bank credit and another one was able to utilize part of his mortgage and car loans for business purposes. Remaining seven entrepreneurs’ credit application were either denied or they could not use the loan because of high costs. As a solution, these entrepreneurs managed to employ their family funds in the form of grants and loans.

Göçmen Girişimcilerin Kuruluş Aşaması Finansmanı: İsveç/Göteborg’daki Türk Restoran Sahipleri Örneklemi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, refah devleti olarak nitelendirilen İsveç’in, Stockholm’den sonra ikinci büyük bölgesi olan Göteborg’daki Türk kökenli göçmen restoran sahibi girişimcilerin, kuruluş aşamasında finansal sermaye bulma konusunda zorluk yaşayıp yaşamadığının ve işlerini kurarken geliştirdikleri finansman çözümlerinin araştırılmasıdır. İskandinav refah devlet modelinde göçmen girişimcilerin kredi piyasasında ayrımcılık yaşayarak finansal sermayeye erişimlerinin sınırlandığı, hatta kimi zaman bu nedenle iş yerlerini kapatmak zorunda kaldıkları, hem kamusal hem de akademik platformlarda tartışma konusu olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kartopu örnekleme tekniği ile yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılan dokuz girişimciden sadece biri işyerini kurarken banka kredisi kullanabilmiş, biri ise kullandığı konut ve araba kredisinin bir bölümünü iş yeri için kullanmıştır. Diğer yedi girişimci finansmana erişim konusunda banka kredisi başvurusu yapmış fakat ya başvuruları reddedilmiş ya da maliyetlerin yüksekliği nedeniyle krediyi kullanamamışlardır. Bu girişimciler çözüm olarak kuruluştaki finansmanlarını geniş aile fonlarını hibe ve borç şeklinde kullanarak sağlamışlardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göçmen girişimcilik
• Kuruluş aşaması finansmanı
• İsveç
• Türkiye

Kaynakça

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