BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

G.B. Shaw's Citizens of The World in John Bull's Other Island

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 3 - 27, 01.06.2013

Öz

Although the Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) has been known as an internationalist due to his Fabian socialism, his Irish play John Bull’s Other Island (JBOI) (1904) firmly links Shaw to a significant tension in Irish literature: cosmopolitanism versus nationalist parochialism. In contrast to parochial characters such as Father Dempsey, Matthew Haffigan and Corney Doyle; Larry Doyle and Keegan are cosmopolitan characters. The parochialism of the first group consists of their strong Irish nationalism; their limited knowledge of the world which make them prejudiced and bigoted towards other cultures and peoples; and their indifference to the rest of the world. On the other hand, Keegan and Larry have both seen the world outside Ireland and formed a “cultivated detachment from restrictive forms of identity”. Keegan does not only reject the restrictiveness of the national “Irish” identity embracing all humanity, he even detaches himself from the human identity but embraces all living things and nature as his fellow creatures. In a similar line Larry Doyle detaches himself from Irish nationalism or the landed class that his family belong to. Instead he promotes an Ireland which is totally open to the world. Secondly, both Keegan and Doyle share a “broad understanding of other cultures and customs”. Keegan is the only Roscullen resident who can see through English Broadbent’s land development project. Doyle, on the other hand, has a rather balanced understanding of the English culture. He admires certain aspects of the English character while criticizing some of these aspects severely. Both characters exhibit a firm “belief in universal humanity”. Keegan tries to learn from all religions and creeds. This openness and understanding cost him his frock. Doyle gets on better with non-Irish friends rather than his countrymen. Although Keegan and Larry seem to be social outcasts, they still say the last word at the end of the play.

Kaynakça

  • ABOULAFIA, Mitchell (2010), Transcendence: On Self-Determination and Cosmopolitanism, Stanford UP, Stanford, CA, Questia, Web, 18 July 2013.
  • ANDERSON, Amanda (2006), The Way We Argue Now: A Study in the Cultures of Theory, Princeton UP, Princeton, NJ, Questia, Web. 9 July 2013.
  • APPIAH, Kwame Anthony (2007), The Ethics of Identity, Princeton, NJ, Princeton UP, Questia, Web, 11 July 2013.
  • ARCHER, Peter (1991), “Shaw and the Irish Question”, Shaw, Vol. 11, SHAW AND POLITICS, s. 119-129, JSTOR, Web, 28 July 2012.
  • BLACK, Martha Fodaski (1995), Shaw and Joyce: The Last Word in Stolentelling, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, Questia, Web, 23 July 2013.
  • BORGES, Jorge Luis (1962), “A Note on (Toward) Bernard Shaw”, Çev. James I. Irby, Labyrinths: Selected Stories and Other Writings, Ed. Donald A. Yates and James E. Irby, New Directions, New York.
  • BROWN, Garrett Wallace (2009), Grounding Cosmopolitanism: From Kant to the Idea of a Cosmopolitan Constitution, Edinburgh UP, Edinburgh, Questia, Web, 18 July 2013.
  • CHENG, Vincent J (2004), Inauthentic: The Anxiety over Culture and Identity,: Rutgers UP, New Brunswick, NJ, Questia, Web, 14 July 2013. CONNOLLY, SJ (1999), ed., The Oxford Companion to Irish History, Oxford UP, Oxford, Questia, Web. 9 July 2013.
  • The Edinburgh Dictionary of Continental Philosophy (2005), (Ed.) John Protevi, Edinburgh UP, Edinburgh, Questia, Web, 18 July 2013.
  • ELLIS-FERMOR, Una (1954), The Irish Dramatic Movement, 2nd ed., Methuen, London, Questia, Web, 14 July 2013.
  • GAHAN, Peter (2006), “Colonial Locations of Contested Space and John Bull’s Other Island”, Shaw, Vol. 26, NEW READINGS: SHAW AT THE SEQICENTENNIAL, s. 194-221, JSTOR, Web, 8 September 2012.
  • GRACE, Gerald (2002), Catholic Schools: Mission, Markets, and Morality, Routledge, London, Questia, Web, 23 July 2013.
  • GRENE, Nicholas (1980), “John Bull’s Other Island: At Home and Abroad”, The Shaw Review, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 11-16, JSTOR, Web, 9 August 2012.
  • GRIFFITH, Gareth (1993), Socialism and Superior Brains: The Political Thought of Bernard Shaw, Routledge, London and New York. HARRINGTON, John P. (1991), Ed., Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London.
  • HASSETT, Joseph M. (1982), “Climate and Character in Johhn Bull’s Other Island”, Shaw, Vol. 2, s. 17-25, JSTOR, Web, 9 August 2012.
  • HOLLOWAY, Joseph (1967), “[Journal 1907]”, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 454-459.
  • HOLROYD, Michael (1989), Bernard Shaw: The Pursuit of Power Volume II 1898-1918, London, Chatto and Windus.
  • HOLROYD, Michael (1988), Bernard Shaw: The Seach for Love Volume I 1856-1898, Penguin, London and New York.
  • INNES, Christopher (1998), Ed. The Cambridge Companion to George Bernard Shaw, Cambridge UP, Cambridge.
  • JENKINS, Willis (2012), “20: Religion and Environmental Rights”, Religion and Human Rights: An Introduction, Ed. John Witte, Jr. and M. Christian Green, Oxford UP, New York, s. 330-45, Questia, Web. 10 July 2013.
  • JOYCE, James (1914), “Dead”, Dubliners, Ed. Terence Brown (1992), Penguin, London and New York, s. 175-225.
  • KENT, Brad (2006), “Shaw’s Everyday Emergency: Commodification in and of John Bull’s Other Island”, Shaw, Vol. 26, NEW READINGS: SHAW AT THE SEQICENTENNIAL, s. 162-179, JSTOR, Web, 8 September 2012.
  • KRAUSE, David (1982), “The Hagiography of Kathleen ni Houlihan”, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 398-405.
  • LEVITAS, Ben (2002), The Theater of Nation: Irish Drama and Cultural Nationalism, 1890-1916, Oxford UP, New York, Questia, Web, 9 July 2013.
  • MAHAFFEY, Vicki (1998), States of Desire: Wilde, Yeats, Joyce, and the Irish Experiment, Oxford UP, New York, Questia, Web, 18 July 2013. MARCUS, Philip L. (1970), Yeats and the Beginning of the Irish Renaissance, Cornell UP, Ithaca.
  • MCDOWELL, Frederick P.W. (1967), “The Shavian World of John Bull’s Other Island”, Ed. Harold Bloom (1987), Modern Critical Views: George Bernard Shaw, Chelsea House Publishers; New York, New Haven and Philadelphia, s. 65-84.
  • MEISEL, Martin (1987), “John Bull’s Other Island and Other Working Partnerships” , Shaw, Vol. 7, Shaw:The Neglected Plays, s. 119-36.
  • NAVA, Mica (2007), Visceral Cosmopolitanism: Gender, Culture and the Normalisation of Difference, Berg, New York, Questia, Web. 18 July 2013.
  • 25 NILSEN, Don L. F. (1998), Humor in Eighteenth- and NineteenthCentury British Literature: A Reference Guide, Greenwood, Westport, CT, Questia, Web, 23 July 2013.
  • NORTH, Michael (1991), “W.B. Yeats: Cultural Nationalism”, Ed. James Pethica (2000), Yeats’s Poetry, Drama, and Prose, Norton, New York and London, s. 387-393.
  • OCHSHORN, Kathleen (2006), “Colonialism, Postcolonialism, And the Shadow of a New Empire: “John Bull’s Other Ireland”, Shaw, Vol. 26, New Readings: Shaw at the Sequicentennial, s. 180-93.
  • PETERS, Sally (2003), “Outwitting Destiny: The Artist as Superman”, Shaw, Vol. 23. s.137-47.
  • PETHICA, James (2000), Ed., Yeats’s Poetry, Drama and Prose, Norton, New York and London.
  • ROBBINS, Bruce (1993), Secular Vocations: Intellectuals, Professionalism, Culture, Verso, London, Questia, Web, 18 July 2013.
  • ROBBINS, Bruce (1996), “Secularism, Elitism, Progress and Other Transgressions: On Edward Said's ‘Voyage In’”, Cultural Readings of Imperialism: Edward Said and the Gravity of History, Ed. Keith AnsellPearson, Benita Parry, and Judith Squires, Lawrence & Wishart,. London, s. 67- 87, Questia, Web, 18 July 2013.
  • SADDLEMYER, Ann (1999), “John Bull’s Other Island: ‘Seething in the Brain’”, The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies, Vol. 25, No. 1/2, s. 219- 240, JSTOR, Web, 9 August 2012.
  • SHAW, George Bernard (1894), Arms and the Man, Plays Pleasant (1898), (Ed.) Dan H. Laurence (1985), Penguin, Middlesex and New York.
  • SHAW, George Bernard (1898), Caesar and Cleopatra, Kindle Edition.
  • SHAW, George Bernard (1904), John Bull’s Other Island, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 119-203.
  • SHAW, George Bernard (1906), “Preface to John Bull’s Other Island”, Prefaces by Bernard Shaw (1933), Constable, London, s.439-472.
  • SHAW, George Bernard (1919), Heartbreak House, (1964), Penguin, London and New York.
  • SHAW, George Bernard (1921), “Preface to Back to Methuselah”, Prefaces by Bernard Shaw (1933), Constable, London, s.479-524.
  • SYNGE, J.M. (1907), The Aran Islands, Nar. Donal Donnelly (2011), Audible Book.
  • SYNGE, JM (1935), “Preface to The Playboy of the Western World”, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 451-452.
  • WATSON, G.J. (1979), “Cathleen Ni Houlihan”, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 414-420.
  • YEATS, W.B. (1901), Cathleen Ni Houlihan, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 3-11.
  • YEATS, W.B. (1904), “W.B. Yeats, letter to Shaw, 5 October 1904”, Ed. T.F. Evans (1976), Shaw: The Critical Heritage, Routledge & Kegan Paul; London, Henley and Boston, s. 122-125.
  • YEATS, W.B. (1939), “Man and the Echo”, James Pethica (2000), Ed., Yeats’s Poetry, Drama and Prose, Norton, New York and London.
  • YEATS, W.B. (1961), “Preface to the First Edition of The Well of the Saints”, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 452-454.
  • YEATS, W.B. (1973), “An Irish National Theater”, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 388-39

G.B. Shaw's Citizens of The World in John Bull's Other Island

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 3 - 27, 01.06.2013

Öz

İrlandalı oyun yazarı George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) bir Fabian Sosyalist olarak enternasyonalist kimliğiyle bilinir. Oysa Shaw’un İrlandayı konu alan ilk oyunu John Bull’s Other Island (1904) modern İrlanda edebiyatının en önemli konularından biri olan kozmopolitanizm ve dar kafalı milliyetçilik gerginliğiyle de yakından ilgili olduğunun bir kanıtıdır. Dempsey, Haffigan ve Cornelius gibi dar görüşlü karakterlerin karşısında; Larry Doyle ve Keegan dünya vatandaşı kimliği taşıyan karakterlerdir. İlk grubun dar görüşlülüğünü oluşturan öğeler olarak, güçlü İrlanda milliyetçiliğini, dünya hakkında sınırlı bilgilerini ve İrlanda dışında yaşayan halklara, başka toplum ve kültürlere karşı olan ilgisizliklerini ve ön yargılı değerlendirmelerini sayabiliriz. Öte yandan, hem Keegan hem de Larry İrlanda dışındaki geniş dünya hakkında da ilk elden bilgi sahibidirler. Bu sayede de “kimliklerin kısıtlayıcı şekillerinden bilinçli bir bağımsızlık” kazanmışlardır. Keegan kendini yanızca ulusal aidiyetlerden değil, insani aidiyetten de soyutlamış ve tüm canlılarla ve doğayla kendini kardeş görmeye başlamıştır. Larry de İrlanda milliyetçiliğini ve ailesinin ait olduğu topraklı sınıfın bir parçası olmayı reddederek, tüm dünyaya açık bir İrlanda kurma özlemi içindedir. Ayrıca, hem Kegan hem de Larry “diğer kültürler ve adetler hakkında geniş bir anlayış ve hoşgörü” sahibidirler. En önemlisi de “evrensel insanlığa” inanmaktadırlar. Bu bağımsız duruşları ve ayrıksı düşünceleri Larry Doyle ve Keegan’ın Roscullen toplumundan dışlanmasına ve marjinalize olmalarına sebep olur. Yine de oyunun sonunda son sözü söyleyen dar görüşlü milliyetçiler değil kozmopolitanlardır.

Kaynakça

  • ABOULAFIA, Mitchell (2010), Transcendence: On Self-Determination and Cosmopolitanism, Stanford UP, Stanford, CA, Questia, Web, 18 July 2013.
  • ANDERSON, Amanda (2006), The Way We Argue Now: A Study in the Cultures of Theory, Princeton UP, Princeton, NJ, Questia, Web. 9 July 2013.
  • APPIAH, Kwame Anthony (2007), The Ethics of Identity, Princeton, NJ, Princeton UP, Questia, Web, 11 July 2013.
  • ARCHER, Peter (1991), “Shaw and the Irish Question”, Shaw, Vol. 11, SHAW AND POLITICS, s. 119-129, JSTOR, Web, 28 July 2012.
  • BLACK, Martha Fodaski (1995), Shaw and Joyce: The Last Word in Stolentelling, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, Questia, Web, 23 July 2013.
  • BORGES, Jorge Luis (1962), “A Note on (Toward) Bernard Shaw”, Çev. James I. Irby, Labyrinths: Selected Stories and Other Writings, Ed. Donald A. Yates and James E. Irby, New Directions, New York.
  • BROWN, Garrett Wallace (2009), Grounding Cosmopolitanism: From Kant to the Idea of a Cosmopolitan Constitution, Edinburgh UP, Edinburgh, Questia, Web, 18 July 2013.
  • CHENG, Vincent J (2004), Inauthentic: The Anxiety over Culture and Identity,: Rutgers UP, New Brunswick, NJ, Questia, Web, 14 July 2013. CONNOLLY, SJ (1999), ed., The Oxford Companion to Irish History, Oxford UP, Oxford, Questia, Web. 9 July 2013.
  • The Edinburgh Dictionary of Continental Philosophy (2005), (Ed.) John Protevi, Edinburgh UP, Edinburgh, Questia, Web, 18 July 2013.
  • ELLIS-FERMOR, Una (1954), The Irish Dramatic Movement, 2nd ed., Methuen, London, Questia, Web, 14 July 2013.
  • GAHAN, Peter (2006), “Colonial Locations of Contested Space and John Bull’s Other Island”, Shaw, Vol. 26, NEW READINGS: SHAW AT THE SEQICENTENNIAL, s. 194-221, JSTOR, Web, 8 September 2012.
  • GRACE, Gerald (2002), Catholic Schools: Mission, Markets, and Morality, Routledge, London, Questia, Web, 23 July 2013.
  • GRENE, Nicholas (1980), “John Bull’s Other Island: At Home and Abroad”, The Shaw Review, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 11-16, JSTOR, Web, 9 August 2012.
  • GRIFFITH, Gareth (1993), Socialism and Superior Brains: The Political Thought of Bernard Shaw, Routledge, London and New York. HARRINGTON, John P. (1991), Ed., Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London.
  • HASSETT, Joseph M. (1982), “Climate and Character in Johhn Bull’s Other Island”, Shaw, Vol. 2, s. 17-25, JSTOR, Web, 9 August 2012.
  • HOLLOWAY, Joseph (1967), “[Journal 1907]”, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 454-459.
  • HOLROYD, Michael (1989), Bernard Shaw: The Pursuit of Power Volume II 1898-1918, London, Chatto and Windus.
  • HOLROYD, Michael (1988), Bernard Shaw: The Seach for Love Volume I 1856-1898, Penguin, London and New York.
  • INNES, Christopher (1998), Ed. The Cambridge Companion to George Bernard Shaw, Cambridge UP, Cambridge.
  • JENKINS, Willis (2012), “20: Religion and Environmental Rights”, Religion and Human Rights: An Introduction, Ed. John Witte, Jr. and M. Christian Green, Oxford UP, New York, s. 330-45, Questia, Web. 10 July 2013.
  • JOYCE, James (1914), “Dead”, Dubliners, Ed. Terence Brown (1992), Penguin, London and New York, s. 175-225.
  • KENT, Brad (2006), “Shaw’s Everyday Emergency: Commodification in and of John Bull’s Other Island”, Shaw, Vol. 26, NEW READINGS: SHAW AT THE SEQICENTENNIAL, s. 162-179, JSTOR, Web, 8 September 2012.
  • KRAUSE, David (1982), “The Hagiography of Kathleen ni Houlihan”, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 398-405.
  • LEVITAS, Ben (2002), The Theater of Nation: Irish Drama and Cultural Nationalism, 1890-1916, Oxford UP, New York, Questia, Web, 9 July 2013.
  • MAHAFFEY, Vicki (1998), States of Desire: Wilde, Yeats, Joyce, and the Irish Experiment, Oxford UP, New York, Questia, Web, 18 July 2013. MARCUS, Philip L. (1970), Yeats and the Beginning of the Irish Renaissance, Cornell UP, Ithaca.
  • MCDOWELL, Frederick P.W. (1967), “The Shavian World of John Bull’s Other Island”, Ed. Harold Bloom (1987), Modern Critical Views: George Bernard Shaw, Chelsea House Publishers; New York, New Haven and Philadelphia, s. 65-84.
  • MEISEL, Martin (1987), “John Bull’s Other Island and Other Working Partnerships” , Shaw, Vol. 7, Shaw:The Neglected Plays, s. 119-36.
  • NAVA, Mica (2007), Visceral Cosmopolitanism: Gender, Culture and the Normalisation of Difference, Berg, New York, Questia, Web. 18 July 2013.
  • 25 NILSEN, Don L. F. (1998), Humor in Eighteenth- and NineteenthCentury British Literature: A Reference Guide, Greenwood, Westport, CT, Questia, Web, 23 July 2013.
  • NORTH, Michael (1991), “W.B. Yeats: Cultural Nationalism”, Ed. James Pethica (2000), Yeats’s Poetry, Drama, and Prose, Norton, New York and London, s. 387-393.
  • OCHSHORN, Kathleen (2006), “Colonialism, Postcolonialism, And the Shadow of a New Empire: “John Bull’s Other Ireland”, Shaw, Vol. 26, New Readings: Shaw at the Sequicentennial, s. 180-93.
  • PETERS, Sally (2003), “Outwitting Destiny: The Artist as Superman”, Shaw, Vol. 23. s.137-47.
  • PETHICA, James (2000), Ed., Yeats’s Poetry, Drama and Prose, Norton, New York and London.
  • ROBBINS, Bruce (1993), Secular Vocations: Intellectuals, Professionalism, Culture, Verso, London, Questia, Web, 18 July 2013.
  • ROBBINS, Bruce (1996), “Secularism, Elitism, Progress and Other Transgressions: On Edward Said's ‘Voyage In’”, Cultural Readings of Imperialism: Edward Said and the Gravity of History, Ed. Keith AnsellPearson, Benita Parry, and Judith Squires, Lawrence & Wishart,. London, s. 67- 87, Questia, Web, 18 July 2013.
  • SADDLEMYER, Ann (1999), “John Bull’s Other Island: ‘Seething in the Brain’”, The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies, Vol. 25, No. 1/2, s. 219- 240, JSTOR, Web, 9 August 2012.
  • SHAW, George Bernard (1894), Arms and the Man, Plays Pleasant (1898), (Ed.) Dan H. Laurence (1985), Penguin, Middlesex and New York.
  • SHAW, George Bernard (1898), Caesar and Cleopatra, Kindle Edition.
  • SHAW, George Bernard (1904), John Bull’s Other Island, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 119-203.
  • SHAW, George Bernard (1906), “Preface to John Bull’s Other Island”, Prefaces by Bernard Shaw (1933), Constable, London, s.439-472.
  • SHAW, George Bernard (1919), Heartbreak House, (1964), Penguin, London and New York.
  • SHAW, George Bernard (1921), “Preface to Back to Methuselah”, Prefaces by Bernard Shaw (1933), Constable, London, s.479-524.
  • SYNGE, J.M. (1907), The Aran Islands, Nar. Donal Donnelly (2011), Audible Book.
  • SYNGE, JM (1935), “Preface to The Playboy of the Western World”, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 451-452.
  • WATSON, G.J. (1979), “Cathleen Ni Houlihan”, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 414-420.
  • YEATS, W.B. (1901), Cathleen Ni Houlihan, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 3-11.
  • YEATS, W.B. (1904), “W.B. Yeats, letter to Shaw, 5 October 1904”, Ed. T.F. Evans (1976), Shaw: The Critical Heritage, Routledge & Kegan Paul; London, Henley and Boston, s. 122-125.
  • YEATS, W.B. (1939), “Man and the Echo”, James Pethica (2000), Ed., Yeats’s Poetry, Drama and Prose, Norton, New York and London.
  • YEATS, W.B. (1961), “Preface to the First Edition of The Well of the Saints”, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 452-454.
  • YEATS, W.B. (1973), “An Irish National Theater”, Ed. John P. Harrington (1991), Modern Irish Drama, Norton, New York and London, s. 388-39
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Atalay Gündüz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gündüz, Y. D. D. A. (2013). G.B. Shaw’s Citizens of The World in John Bull’s Other Island. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(2), 3-27.