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Exported Goods From Izmir to America During Constitutional Period II (1909-1911)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 216 - 238, 27.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.543052

Öz



Official relations of the Ottoman Empire and the United States started
with “Seyri Sefain ve İcrayı Ticarete Dair Muahede-i Hümayun” treaty on May
7th, 1830. This treaty was followed by a treaty with France on 25 November
1838. The United States of America, together with many countries, had been
indirectly included in this treaty. The last treaty between the two countries
was the Turkish-American Trade Agreement dated February 13, 1862. Americans acquired
vast rights with both 1830 and 1862 treaties. After the treaties, American
merchants came to the Ottoman Empire for trade. Izmir was one of the important
cities for trade in Ottoman. Izmir, which was also considered to be the most
cosmopolite city of the Ottoman Empire after Istanbul, had been one of the
important points in trade between the two countries. The Ottoman Empire, which
imported mainly industrial products from America, had exported licorice,
tobacco, acorns, olives, opium, emery and chrome products from Izmir to
America.

Kaynakça

  • Arşiv Belgeleri
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı (DAB.)
  • Babıâli Evrak Odası (BEO.)
  • Dâhiliye, Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT.)
  • Dâhiliye, Muamelat (DH.TMIK.M.)
  • Dâhiliye, Şifre Kalemi (DH.ŞFR.)
  • Hariciye Nezareti, Londra Sefareti (HR.SFR.3.)
  • İrade, Rüsumat (İ.RSM.)
  • Meclis-i Vükela (MV.)
  • Sadaret, Mühimme Kalemi Evrakı (A}MKT.MHM.)
  • Şura-yı Devlet (ŞD.)
  • Teftişat-ı Rumeli Evrakı(Rumeli Müfettişliği), Sadaret Evrakı (TFR.I.A.)
  • Teftişat-ı Rumeli Evrakı(Rumeli Müfettişliği), Selanik Evrakı (TFR.I.SL.)
  • Yıldız, Esas Evrakı Defterleri (Y.EE.) Yıldız, Hususi Maruzat (Y.A.HUS.)
  • Yıldız, Mütevenni Maruzat (Y.MTV.)
  • Süreli yayınlar:Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, “Turkish Licorice”, Vol.57, 25 June 1909, No.2953, pp.664.
  • Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, “General Notes”, Vol.60, 15 December 1911, No.3082, pp.133-134.
  • Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, “The Resources of Palestine”, Vol.65, 3 August 1917, No.3376, pp.639-641.
  • Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, “Vegetable Oils in Palestine”, Vol.68, 13 August 1920, No.3534, p.637.
  • Levant Trade Rewiew, “Valonia Extract and Its Use”, Vol. 1, No.1, June 1911, p.44.
  • Levant Trade Review, Vol.1, No.2, November Quarter 1911, p.XIX.
  • Levant Trade Review, “Exports From Smyrna, Turkey to the United States of America”, V.1., No.4, Marc 1912, p.370.
  • Science, “Olive Cultivation”, Vol.14, 13 September 1889, No: 345, pg.176.
  • Scientific American, “Licorice the Versatile”, Vo.141, No.3, September 1929, pp.208-210.
  • The British Medical Journal, “International Opium Commission”, Vol.1, 16 January 1909, No.2507, p.174.
  • The Times, “Cotton Cultıvation in Asia Minor”, 14 October 1908, Issue: 38777, London, pg.10.
  • The Times,“The International Opium Commission”, 2 January 1909, Issue 38846, London, pg.15.
  • The Times, “The Opium Conference”, 2 December 1911, Issue 39758, London, pg.5.
  • The Times, “The Opium Conference”, 16 June 1914, Issue 40551, London, pg.7. “Valonia in Cyprus”, Bulletin of Miscellaneous İnformation (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), Vol.1888, No:19(1888), pp.163-165, s.163-164.
  • Whiting, John D., “The Licorice Trade of Syria”, Scientific American, Vol.110, No. 5, 31 January 1914, pp.96.
  • Wright, Hamilton “The International Opium Commission”, The American Journal of International Law, Vol.3, No.3, July 1909, pp.648-673.
  • Telif Eserler:
  • ATAY, M. Çınar(1978), Tarih İçinde İzmir, Tiset Basım ve Yayın, İzmir.
  • BITTING, Katherina Golden(1920), Olive, Glass Container Association of America, Chicago.
  • BURCH, Albert, Samuel H. Dolbear(1918), Chromite, Mining and Scientific Press, San Francisco.
  • CİRKEL, Fritz(1909), Report on The Chrome Iron Ore Deposits in The Eastern Townships, Province of Quebec, Government Printing Bureau, Ottowa.
  • CRUESS, William Vere(1924), The Preparation and Refining of Olive Oil in Southern Europe, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of California.
  • DOGGETT, Carita(1892), Dr. Andrew Turnbull and the New Smyrna Colony of Florida.
  • DOĞAN, Nuri(1996), Cumhuriyet Öncesi Türk Amerikan Ticaret Anlaşmaları, Turan Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • EISEN, Gustav(1890), The Raisin Industry, H.S. Crocker Printers, San Francisco.
  • Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi(2005), c.IX, (haz.) Yücel Dağlı, Seyit Alikahraman, Robert Dankoff, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • FAROQHİ, Suraiya(2004), “Krizler ve Değişim 1590-1699”, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Ekonomik ve Sosyal Tarihi, c.2, (çev.) Ayşe Berktay, ed. Halil İnalcık, Donald Quataert, Eren Yayınları, İstanbul, ss.543-759.
  • GÜHER, Ebru(2013), Başlangıcından Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na Kadar Türk-Amerikan İlişkileri, Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Elazığ 2013.
  • HART, Stanley Hewlett(1917), Wool; the raw materials of the woolen and worsted industries, Philadelphia.
  • İZBIRAK, Reşat(1976), Bitki Coğrafyası, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara.
  • İzmir Ticaret Odası(1998), İngiliz Konsolosluk Raporlarına Göre İzmir Ticareti (1864-1914), İzmir.
  • KASABA, Reşat, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Dünya Ekonomisi, Belge Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • KASABA, Reşat(1994), “İzmir”, Doğu Akdeniz’de Liman Kentleri (1800-1914), ed. Çağlar Keyder vd.,Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul, ss.1-22.
  • MANTRAN, Robert(2011), Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Tarihi II, (çev.) Server Tanilli, İş Bankası Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • MARTAL, Abdullah(1992), “16. Yüzyıldan 20. Yüzyıla Ticaret ve Sanayinin Gelişimi”, Üç İzmir, İstanbul, ss.265-271.
  • MASTERS, Bruce(1988), The origins of Western economic dominance in the Middle East, Mercantilism and the Islamic economy in Aleppo 1600-1750, New York.
  • Materials Survey: Chromium(1962), U.S. Dept. Of Commerce, Business and Defense Services Administration.
  • MEHR, Stanley(1959), The Greek Raisin Industry, Foreign Agricultural Service, Washington.
  • MUMFORD, John Kimberly(1901), Oriental Rugs, C. Scribner’s Sons, New York.
  • ORMEROD, Frank(1919), Wool, New York, 1919.
  • POROY, Ibrahim Hasan(1981), “Expansion of Opium Production in Turkey and Tate Monopoly of 1828-1839”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 13, No.2, May 1981, pp.191-211.
  • PRATT, Joseph Hyde(1906), Corundum And Its Occurence And Distrubition In The United States, U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Proceedings of the Fig Institute(1917), Fig Institu, California.
  • QUATAERT, Donald(2013), Sanayi Devrimi Çağında Osmanlı İmalat Sektörü, çev. Tansel Günay, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • RAVNDAL, G. Bie(1926), Turkey A Commercial And Industrial Handbook, Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • RIPLEY, Mary Churchill(1904), The Oriental Rug Book, F.A. Stokes Company, New York.
  • SILLIMAN, Benjamin(1884), Sketch Of The Life And Scientific Work Of Dr. John Lawrence Smith, Judd&Detweiler Printers, Washington.
  • SHAW, George Wright(1904), California Olive Oil, Agricultural Experiment Station.
  • SMITH, Herbert Knox(1909), Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on the Tobacco Industry, Part I, Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • SMITH, Herbert Knox(1911), Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on the Tobacco Industry, Part II, Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • Southern Rhodesia: The Question of Economic Sanctions(1973), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • Strategic and Critical Minerals and Metals(1948), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • TAŞLIGİL, Nuran, Güven ŞAHİN(2014), “Türkiye’de Tütün ( Nicotiana Tabaccum L.) Yetiştiriciliğinin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Coğrafi Dağılımı”, Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi 18/30(Ocak 2014), ss.71-102.
  • The Carpet Trade Review (1877), V.4., New York.
  • The Carpet Trade Review (1878), V.5., New York.
  • The Licorice Plant(1885), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • The Mineral Industry of The British Empire and Foreign Countries. Statistics, 1919-1921. Chrome Ore and Chromium(1924), H.M. Stationery Office, London.
  • Trading With the Near East(1920), Guaranty Trust Company, New York.
  • TRIPLETT, Kay(2015), Lori Lee Triplett, Indigo Quilts, C&T Publishing.
  • United States Congressional Serial Set, Vol. 103, (1907), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • U.S. Licit Opium Imports: Foreign Policy Issues: Report of a Staff Study Mission to Turkey, India and Australia to the Committe on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, 1989.
  • VAN DER ZEE, Héléna(1965), Contes D’une Vieille Maison Et Quelques Racines Familiales.

II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi İzmir’den Amerika’ya İhraç Edilen Ürünler (1909-1911)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 216 - 238, 27.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.543052

Öz



Osmanlı Devleti ile Amerika Birleşik Devletleri arasındaki ilişkiler, 7
Mayıs 1830 tarihli “Seyri Sefain ve İcrayı Ticarete Dair” bir “Muahede-i
Hümayun” antlaşması ile resmî olarak başlamıştır. Bu antlaşmayı 25 Kasım 1838
yılında Fransa ile yapılan antlaşma takip etmiş, pek çok devletle birlikte
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri de dolaylı olarak bu antlaşmanın geçerli olduğu
devletlerden sayılmıştır. İki ülke arasında yapılan son antlaşma ise 13 Şubat
1862 tarihli Türk–Amerikan Ticaret Antlaşması olmuştur. Hem 1830 tarihli
antlaşma hem de 1838 ve 1862 yılında yapılan ticaret antlaşmaları ile geniş
haklar elde eden Amerikalılar, antlaşmanın kendilerine verdiği yetki ile
Osmanlı coğrafyasının önemli noktalarına dağılarak Amerika ile Osmanlı Devleti
arasındaki ticareti başlatmıştır. İstanbul’dan sonra Osmanlı’nın en kozmopolit
şehri sayılan ayrıca önemli bir ticaret limanı olan İzmir, iki ülke arasındaki
ticarette önemli noktalardan biri olmuştur. Amerika’dan özellikle sanayi ürün
ithal eden Osmanlı Devleti, İzmir’den Amerika’ya ise meyan kökü, tütün, meşe
palamudu, zeytin, afyon, zımpara, krom gibi ürünler ihraç etmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Arşiv Belgeleri
  • Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı (DAB.)
  • Babıâli Evrak Odası (BEO.)
  • Dâhiliye, Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT.)
  • Dâhiliye, Muamelat (DH.TMIK.M.)
  • Dâhiliye, Şifre Kalemi (DH.ŞFR.)
  • Hariciye Nezareti, Londra Sefareti (HR.SFR.3.)
  • İrade, Rüsumat (İ.RSM.)
  • Meclis-i Vükela (MV.)
  • Sadaret, Mühimme Kalemi Evrakı (A}MKT.MHM.)
  • Şura-yı Devlet (ŞD.)
  • Teftişat-ı Rumeli Evrakı(Rumeli Müfettişliği), Sadaret Evrakı (TFR.I.A.)
  • Teftişat-ı Rumeli Evrakı(Rumeli Müfettişliği), Selanik Evrakı (TFR.I.SL.)
  • Yıldız, Esas Evrakı Defterleri (Y.EE.) Yıldız, Hususi Maruzat (Y.A.HUS.)
  • Yıldız, Mütevenni Maruzat (Y.MTV.)
  • Süreli yayınlar:Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, “Turkish Licorice”, Vol.57, 25 June 1909, No.2953, pp.664.
  • Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, “General Notes”, Vol.60, 15 December 1911, No.3082, pp.133-134.
  • Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, “The Resources of Palestine”, Vol.65, 3 August 1917, No.3376, pp.639-641.
  • Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, “Vegetable Oils in Palestine”, Vol.68, 13 August 1920, No.3534, p.637.
  • Levant Trade Rewiew, “Valonia Extract and Its Use”, Vol. 1, No.1, June 1911, p.44.
  • Levant Trade Review, Vol.1, No.2, November Quarter 1911, p.XIX.
  • Levant Trade Review, “Exports From Smyrna, Turkey to the United States of America”, V.1., No.4, Marc 1912, p.370.
  • Science, “Olive Cultivation”, Vol.14, 13 September 1889, No: 345, pg.176.
  • Scientific American, “Licorice the Versatile”, Vo.141, No.3, September 1929, pp.208-210.
  • The British Medical Journal, “International Opium Commission”, Vol.1, 16 January 1909, No.2507, p.174.
  • The Times, “Cotton Cultıvation in Asia Minor”, 14 October 1908, Issue: 38777, London, pg.10.
  • The Times,“The International Opium Commission”, 2 January 1909, Issue 38846, London, pg.15.
  • The Times, “The Opium Conference”, 2 December 1911, Issue 39758, London, pg.5.
  • The Times, “The Opium Conference”, 16 June 1914, Issue 40551, London, pg.7. “Valonia in Cyprus”, Bulletin of Miscellaneous İnformation (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), Vol.1888, No:19(1888), pp.163-165, s.163-164.
  • Whiting, John D., “The Licorice Trade of Syria”, Scientific American, Vol.110, No. 5, 31 January 1914, pp.96.
  • Wright, Hamilton “The International Opium Commission”, The American Journal of International Law, Vol.3, No.3, July 1909, pp.648-673.
  • Telif Eserler:
  • ATAY, M. Çınar(1978), Tarih İçinde İzmir, Tiset Basım ve Yayın, İzmir.
  • BITTING, Katherina Golden(1920), Olive, Glass Container Association of America, Chicago.
  • BURCH, Albert, Samuel H. Dolbear(1918), Chromite, Mining and Scientific Press, San Francisco.
  • CİRKEL, Fritz(1909), Report on The Chrome Iron Ore Deposits in The Eastern Townships, Province of Quebec, Government Printing Bureau, Ottowa.
  • CRUESS, William Vere(1924), The Preparation and Refining of Olive Oil in Southern Europe, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of California.
  • DOGGETT, Carita(1892), Dr. Andrew Turnbull and the New Smyrna Colony of Florida.
  • DOĞAN, Nuri(1996), Cumhuriyet Öncesi Türk Amerikan Ticaret Anlaşmaları, Turan Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • EISEN, Gustav(1890), The Raisin Industry, H.S. Crocker Printers, San Francisco.
  • Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi(2005), c.IX, (haz.) Yücel Dağlı, Seyit Alikahraman, Robert Dankoff, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • FAROQHİ, Suraiya(2004), “Krizler ve Değişim 1590-1699”, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Ekonomik ve Sosyal Tarihi, c.2, (çev.) Ayşe Berktay, ed. Halil İnalcık, Donald Quataert, Eren Yayınları, İstanbul, ss.543-759.
  • GÜHER, Ebru(2013), Başlangıcından Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na Kadar Türk-Amerikan İlişkileri, Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Elazığ 2013.
  • HART, Stanley Hewlett(1917), Wool; the raw materials of the woolen and worsted industries, Philadelphia.
  • İZBIRAK, Reşat(1976), Bitki Coğrafyası, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara.
  • İzmir Ticaret Odası(1998), İngiliz Konsolosluk Raporlarına Göre İzmir Ticareti (1864-1914), İzmir.
  • KASABA, Reşat, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Dünya Ekonomisi, Belge Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • KASABA, Reşat(1994), “İzmir”, Doğu Akdeniz’de Liman Kentleri (1800-1914), ed. Çağlar Keyder vd.,Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul, ss.1-22.
  • MANTRAN, Robert(2011), Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Tarihi II, (çev.) Server Tanilli, İş Bankası Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • MARTAL, Abdullah(1992), “16. Yüzyıldan 20. Yüzyıla Ticaret ve Sanayinin Gelişimi”, Üç İzmir, İstanbul, ss.265-271.
  • MASTERS, Bruce(1988), The origins of Western economic dominance in the Middle East, Mercantilism and the Islamic economy in Aleppo 1600-1750, New York.
  • Materials Survey: Chromium(1962), U.S. Dept. Of Commerce, Business and Defense Services Administration.
  • MEHR, Stanley(1959), The Greek Raisin Industry, Foreign Agricultural Service, Washington.
  • MUMFORD, John Kimberly(1901), Oriental Rugs, C. Scribner’s Sons, New York.
  • ORMEROD, Frank(1919), Wool, New York, 1919.
  • POROY, Ibrahim Hasan(1981), “Expansion of Opium Production in Turkey and Tate Monopoly of 1828-1839”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 13, No.2, May 1981, pp.191-211.
  • PRATT, Joseph Hyde(1906), Corundum And Its Occurence And Distrubition In The United States, U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Proceedings of the Fig Institute(1917), Fig Institu, California.
  • QUATAERT, Donald(2013), Sanayi Devrimi Çağında Osmanlı İmalat Sektörü, çev. Tansel Günay, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • RAVNDAL, G. Bie(1926), Turkey A Commercial And Industrial Handbook, Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • RIPLEY, Mary Churchill(1904), The Oriental Rug Book, F.A. Stokes Company, New York.
  • SILLIMAN, Benjamin(1884), Sketch Of The Life And Scientific Work Of Dr. John Lawrence Smith, Judd&Detweiler Printers, Washington.
  • SHAW, George Wright(1904), California Olive Oil, Agricultural Experiment Station.
  • SMITH, Herbert Knox(1909), Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on the Tobacco Industry, Part I, Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • SMITH, Herbert Knox(1911), Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on the Tobacco Industry, Part II, Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • Southern Rhodesia: The Question of Economic Sanctions(1973), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • Strategic and Critical Minerals and Metals(1948), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • TAŞLIGİL, Nuran, Güven ŞAHİN(2014), “Türkiye’de Tütün ( Nicotiana Tabaccum L.) Yetiştiriciliğinin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Coğrafi Dağılımı”, Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi 18/30(Ocak 2014), ss.71-102.
  • The Carpet Trade Review (1877), V.4., New York.
  • The Carpet Trade Review (1878), V.5., New York.
  • The Licorice Plant(1885), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • The Mineral Industry of The British Empire and Foreign Countries. Statistics, 1919-1921. Chrome Ore and Chromium(1924), H.M. Stationery Office, London.
  • Trading With the Near East(1920), Guaranty Trust Company, New York.
  • TRIPLETT, Kay(2015), Lori Lee Triplett, Indigo Quilts, C&T Publishing.
  • United States Congressional Serial Set, Vol. 103, (1907), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.
  • U.S. Licit Opium Imports: Foreign Policy Issues: Report of a Staff Study Mission to Turkey, India and Australia to the Committe on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, 1989.
  • VAN DER ZEE, Héléna(1965), Contes D’une Vieille Maison Et Quelques Racines Familiales.
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nesrin Kanberoğlu 0000-0001-5614-9224

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Kanberoğlu, N. (2019). II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi İzmir’den Amerika’ya İhraç Edilen Ürünler (1909-1911). Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(4), 216-238. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.543052