Prevalence and trends in the burden of diabetes, by country income levels, 1990-2021: a descriptive cross-sectional study

Öz

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and affects people regardless of country, age group or gender. The chronic nature of diabetes and related complications make it a costly disease. The aim of this study is to descriptively examine the trend of diabetes prevalence and burden of disease differences in countries among international income groups from 1990 to 2021. It also aims to determine the trends in the increase in diabetes in countries according to income group classification. Between 1990 and 2021, data on diabetes prevalence and mortality, years of life lost due to premature death due to diabetes and years of disability were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease platform database. Countries were classified according to the economic income groups determined by the World Bank, and the top 6 countries in each income group with the highest prevalence of diabetes in 2021, including Turkey, were included in the current study. Descriptive analyses, frequency, percentage, ratio values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for 24 countries in total. In 2021, the highest diabetes prevalence rate per 100000 population among high-income countries is South Korea (10346,1; CI: 9782,9-10807,5), while among middle-high-income countries, after Mexico, the highest is Turkey (6626,9; CI: 6104,8-7227,0). Between 1990 and 2021, the mortality rate per 100000 population due to diabetes decreased significantly among high-income countries, while it increased significantly in middle- and low-income countries. As the prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, it remains an important public health problem for all countries. There is an urgent need for policies to be formulated by administrators in the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Diabetes
• burden of diabetes
• diabetes-related death
• country income level
• prevalence

1990-2021 yıllarında ülke gelir düzeylerine göre diyabet yükünün yaygınlığı ve eğilimleri: tanımlayıcı kesitsel bir çalışma

Öz

Diyabet, dünya çapında önde gelen ölüm ve sakatlık nedenlerinden biridir ve ülke, yaş grubu veya cinsiyetten bağımsız olarak insanları etkilemektedir. Diyabetin kronik yapısı ve ilgili komplikasyonları onu maliyetli bir hastalık haline getirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası gelir gruplarında yer alan ülkelerdeki diyabet prevalansı ve hastalık yükü farklılıklarının 1990 yılından 2021 yılına kadar olan süreçteki trendini tanımlayıcı olarak incelemektir. Ayrıca gelir grubu sınıflandırmasına göre, ülkelerin diyabet artış eğilimlerinin nasıl olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. 1990 ve 2021 yıllarına yönelik diyabete ilişkin prevalans ve mortalite ile diyabet hastalığına bağlı erken ölüm nedeniyle kaybedilen yaşam yılları ve engellilikle geçirilen yıllara ait veriler Küresel Hastalık Yükü platformu veritabanından çekilmiştir. Ülkeler Dünya Bankası tarafından belirlenen ekonomik gelir gruplarına göre sınıflandırılmış olup, her bir gelir grubunda 2021 yılında en çok diyabet prevalansına sahip Türkiye’nin de arasında bulunduğu ilk 6 ülke mevcut çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. Toplamda 24 ülke için tanımlayıcı analizler, frekans, yüzde, oran değerleri ile her biri için %95 güven aralığı hesaplanmıştır. 2021 yılında, 100000 nüfus başına diyabet prevalans oranı yüksek gelirli ülkeler arasında en yüksek Güney Kore (10346,1; GA: 9782,9–10807,5) iken, orta-yüksek gelirli ülkeler arasında Meksika’dan sonra en yüksek Türkiye’dir (6626,9; GA: 6104,8–7227,0). 1990-2021 yılları arasında, diyabet nedeniyle 100000 nüfus başına ölüm oranı yüksek gelirli ülkeler arasında ciddi bir azalış gösterirken, orta ve düşük gelirli ülkelerde belirgin artış göstermiştir. Diyabet prevalansı dünya geneli bir artış gösterdiğinden, bütün ülkeler için önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir. Yöneticiler tarafından diyabetin önlenmesi ve tedavisinde acilen politikaların oluşturulması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Diyabet
• diyabet yükü
• diyabete bağlı ölüm
• ülke gelir düzeyi
• prevalans

Kaynakça

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