Çocukluk Çağı Obezitesinde Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon

Öz

Çocukluk çağı obezitesi, beslenme değişiklikleri ve fiziksel inaktiviteye bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan, prevalansı gittikçe artan ciddi bir problemdir. Çocukluk çağında obezitenin neden olduğu kardiyorespiratuar ve metabolik hastalıklar yetişkinlik dönemi için de büyük tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Çocuklarda fiziksel aktivitenin azalmasıyla, aşırı kilo veya obezite ihtimali daha da artmaktadır. Fiziksel aktivitenin sürdürülmesi, doğru beslenme ve uykunun düzenlenmesi ile çocukluk çağı obezitesine yönelik koruyucu rehabilitasyon sağlanmaktadır. Doğru beslenme için, besin değeri düşük, yüksek kalorili yiyecekler yerine sebze ve meyve gibi lifli gıdaların tercih edilmesi gerekmektedir. Çocuklarda kaliteli uyku beden kitle indeksinin korunması ve obezitenin önlenmesinde büyük bir yardımcıdır. Düzenli fiziksel aktivitenin çocuklarda kemik gelişimi ve kilo kontrolünü sağladığı bilinmektedir. Çocukluk çağında yapılan düzenli egzersiz vücut kompozisyonun geliştirilmesi ve kardiyometabolik sağlığın sürdürülmesini sağlamaktadır. Çocuklara egzersiz alışkanlığının kazandırılması ve okulda yapılabilecek çeşitli egzersizlerle fiziksel aktivitenin artırılması hedeflenmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı çocuklar için önerilebilecek alternatif egzersizler olan aerobik egzersizler, pilates, yoga, yüksek yoğunluklu aralıklı antrenman (HIIT) ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarını incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• çocukluk çağı obezitesi
• egzersiz
• rehabilitasyon

Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation in Childhood Obesity: Review

Öz

Childhood obesity is a serious problem with increasing prevalence due to dietary changes and physical inactivity. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic diseases caused by childhood obesity also pose a great danger for adulthood. With the decrease in physical activity in children, the possibility of overweight or obesity increases even more. Preventive rehabilitation is provided for childhood obesity by maintaining physical activity, proper nutrition and sleep regulation. For proper nutrition, foods with fiber such as vegetables and fruits should be preferred instead of high-calorie foods with low nutritional value. Quality sleep in children is a great helpful in maintaining body mass index and preventing obesity. It is known that regular physical activity provides bone development and weight control in children. Regular exercise in childhood provides improvement of body composition and maintenance of cardiometabolic health. It is aimed to get children adopt the exercise habit and to increase physical activity with various exercises that can be done at school. The purpose of this review is to examine the alternative exercises that can be recommended for children, such as aerobic exercises, pilates, yoga, high intensity interval training (HIIT) and virtual reality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Childhood obesity
• Exercise
• Rehabilitation

Kaynakça

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