Araştırma Makalesi
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Oxidative Damage of Chronic Water Avoidance and the Effect of Fulvic Acid in Male Rat Tissues with Erectile Dysfunction

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 112 - 119, 28.09.2018

Öz

Objectives : We aimed to utilize the antioxidant property
of fulvic acid in our study to prevent penile tissue damage associated with
erectile dysfunction.

Material and
Methods:
18 Sprague-Dawley
male adult rats were distributed into 3 experimental groups: Control (C),
Chronic Stress (CS) and Water Avoidance Stress+Fulvic Acid (CS+FA). The
histological sections obtained from the testes has been stained with the
Hematoxylin&Eosin (H&E) and Masson Trichrome and endothelial and n
nitric oxide sentase (eNOS &nNOS) immünohistochemistry labelling has been
made to. Total antioksidant status (TAS), total oksidant status (TOS),
oxidative stress (OSI), catalase (CAT), glutation peroksidase (GPx) and
superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels has been evaluated biochemically.

Results: In CS group were examined, it was observed
that trabecular endothelial cells are lost, collagen fibers had shrunk,
connective tissue and smooth muscle distributions were unevenly distributed
compared to the control group. When CS + FA group were examined, damage in the
CS group showed considerable recovery in tissues that were treated. In CS group
both eNOS and nNOS reactivity had decreased compare to the control group
whereas caveolin-1 reactivity had increased. histochemical data. It was also observed increased TOS and OSI levels and
decreased TAS, SOD, CAT and GPx levels in the KS group.







Conclusion: The fulvic acid used was found to have therapeutic effects but
the dosage used for treatment was not sufficient. We suggest to work at
different but higher dosages to ensure that the therapeutic effect is achieved.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1. Khademi A, Alleyassin A, Amini M, Ghaemi M. Evaluation of sexual dysfunction prevalence in infertile couples. J Sex Med. 2008;5(6):1402-10.
  • Referans2. Saleh RA, Ranga GM, Raina R, Nelson DR, Agarwal A. Sexual dysfunction in men undergoing infertility evaluation: a cohort observational study. Fertil Steril. 2003;79(4):909-12.
  • Referans3. Burns LH. Sexual counseling and infertility. In: Covington S.H. BLH, editor. Infertility counseling a comprehensive handbook for clinicans. New York: Parthenon Publishing; 2006. p. 212-36.
  • Referans4. Rees PM, Fowler CJ, Maas CP. Sexual function in men and women with neurological disorders. Lancet. 2007;369(9560):512-25.
  • Referans5. Tsigos C, Kyrou I, Kassi E, Chrousos GP. Stress, Endocrine Physiology and Pathophysiology. 2000.
  • Referans6. Grigoriadis DE, Heroux JA, De Souza EB. Characterization and regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the central nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Ciba Found Symp. 1993;172:85-101.
  • Referans7. Toda N, Ayajiki K, Okamura T. Nitric oxide and penile erectile function. Pharmacol Ther. 2005;106(2):233-66.
  • Referans8. Gutteridge JM. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. Clin Chem. 1995;41:1819-28.
  • Referans9. Lewis RW, Fugl-Meyer KS, Corona G, Hayes RD, Laumann EO, Moreira ED, Jr., et al. Definitions/epidemiology/risk factors for sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2010;7:1598-607.
  • Referans10. Cherubini A, Ruggiero C, Polidori MC, Mecocci P. Potential markers of oxidative stress in stroke. Free Radic Biol Med. 2005;39(7):841-52.
  • Referans11. Wang W, Yang H, Wang X, Jiang J, Zhu W. Effects of fulvic acid and humic acid on aluminum speciation in drinking water. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(2):211-7.
  • Referans12. Zhang XF, Yang G, Dong Y, Zhao YQ, Sun XR, Chen L, et al. Studies on the binding of fulvic acid with transferrin by spectroscopic analysis. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2015;137:1280-5.
  • Referans13. Chiou C.T. Theoretical considerations of the partition uptake of nonionic organic compounds by soil organic matter. In: Sawhney B.L. BK, editor. Reactions and movement of organic chemicals in soils. Madison,W: Soil Science Society of America; 1989. p. 1-29.
  • Referans14. van Rensburg CE. The Antiinflammatory Properties of Humic Substances: A Mini Review. Phytother Res. 2015;29(6):791-5.
  • Referans15. Dong L, Cordova-Kreylos AL, Yang J, Yuan H, Scow KM. Humic acids buffer the effects of urea on soil ammonia oxidizers and potential nitrification. Soil Biol Biochem. 2009;41(8):1612-21.
  • Referans16. Wespes E, Amar E, Hatzichristou D, Montorsi F, Pryor J, Vardi Y. Guidelines on erectile dysfunction. Eur Urol. 2002;41(1):1-5.
  • Referans17. Saenz de Tejada I, Angulo J, Cellek S, Gonzalez-Cadavid N, Heaton J, Pickard R, et al. Pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2005;2(1):26-39.
  • Referans18. Saunders PR, Santos J, Hanssen NP, Yates D, Groot JA, Perdue MH. Physical and psychological stress in rats enhances colonic epithelial permeability via peripheral CRH. Dig Dis Sci. 2002;47(1):208-15.
  • Referans19. Tran L, Chaloner A, Sawalha AH, Greenwood Van-Meerveld B. Importance of epigenetic mechanisms in visceral pain induced by chronic water avoidance stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013;38(6):898-906.
  • Referans20. Lee UJ, Ackerman AL, Wu A, Zhang R, Leung J, Bradesi S, et al. Chronic psychological stress in high-anxiety rats induces sustained bladder hyperalgesia. Physiol Behav. 2015;139:541-8.
  • Referans21. Mersdorf A, Goldsmith PC, Diederichs W, Padula CA, Lue TF, Fishman IJ, et al. Ultrastructural changes in impotent penile tissue: a comparison of 65 patients. J Urol. 1991;145(4):749-58.
  • Referans22. Ozbilen O. Sıçanlarda Medikal ve Cerrahi Kastrasyon Sonrası Penil Kavernöz Doku ve Tunika Albugineada Gelişen Histopatolojik Değişiklikler ve Erektil Disfonksiyon Mekanizmasındaki Rolü. Adana2008.
  • Referans23. Bakircioglu ME, Sievert KD, Nunes L, Lau A, Lin CS, Lue TF. Decreased trabecular smooth muscle and caveolin-1 expression in the penile tissue of aged rats. J Urol. 2001;166(2):734-8.
  • Referans24. Becher EF, Toblli JE, Castronuovo C, Nolazco C, Rosenfeld C, Grosman H, et al. Expression of caveolin-1 in penile cavernosal tissue in a denervated animal model after treatment with sildenafil citrate. J Sex Med. 2009;6(6):1587-93. Referans25. Bivalacqua TJ, Musicki B, Hsu LL, Berkowitz DE, Champion HC, Burnett AL. Sildenafil citrate-restored eNOS and PDE5 regulation in sickle cell mouse penis prevents priapism via control of oxidative/nitrosative stress. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e68028.
  • Referans26. Seftel AD, Saenz de Tejada I, Szetela B, Cole J, Goldstein I. Clozapine-associated priapism: a case report. J Urol. 1992;147(1):146-8.
  • Referans27. Penson DF, Armstrong AJ, Concepcion R, Agarwal N, Olsson C, Karsh L, et al. Enzalutamide Versus Bicalutamide in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The STRIVE Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(18):2098-106.
  • Referans28. Akingba AG, Burnett AL. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression, localization, and activity in the penis of the alloxan-induced diabetic rat. Mol Urol. 2001;5(4):189-97.
  • Referans29. Hurdag C, Ozkara H, Citci S, Uyaner I, Demirci C. The effects of alpha-lipoic acid on nitric oxide synthetase dispersion in penile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Tissue React. 2005;27(3):145-50.
  • Referans30. Haas CA, Seftel AD, Razmjouei K, Ganz MB, Hampel N, Ferguson K. Erectile dysfunction in aging: upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Urology. 1998;51(3):516-22.
  • Referans31. Behrendt D, Ganz P. Endothelial function. From vascular biology to clinical applications. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90:40.
  • Referans32. Linder AE, McCluskey LP, Cole KR, 3rd, Lanning KM, Webb RC. Dynamic association of nitric oxide downstream signaling molecules with endothelial caveolin-1 in rat aorta. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005;314(1):9-15.
  • Referans33. Esertas K. Subklinik Hipotiroidili Olgularda Simvastatin ve Levotiroksin Replasman Tedavisinin Endotel Disfonksiyonu Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Araştırılma. Istanbul2004.
  • Referans34. Beckman JS, Koppenol WH. Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad, and ugly. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:1424-37.
  • Referans35. Rodriguez NC, Urrutia EC, Gertrudis BH, Chaverri JP, Mejia GB. Antioxidant activity of fulvic acid: A living matter-derived bioactive compound. J Food Agric Environ. 2011;9(3-4):123-7.
  • Referans36. Ak E C-DE, Sehirli AO, Tetik S, Pisiriciler R, Sener G, Cetinel S. Sudan kaçınma stresi uygulanmış erkek sıçan mesanesinde oksitosin etkisi: Işık ve elektron mikroskobik inceleme. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal. 2015;19:19-26.
  • Referans37. MacCarthy P PM, Malcolm RL, Thurman EM. . Separation of humic substances by ph gradient desorption from a hydrophobic resin. Anal Chem. 1979;51(12):2041-3.
  • Referans38. Kefer JC, Agarwal A, Sabanegh E. Role of antioxidants in the treatment of male infertility. Int J Urol. 2009;16(5):449-57.

Kronik Sudan Kaçınma Stresi ile Oluşturulan Oksidatif Hasar ve Fulvik Asidin Erkek Sıçan Dokusunda Erektil Disfonksiyon Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 112 - 119, 28.09.2018

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmamızda fulvik asitin antioksidan özelliğinden yararlanarak erektil
disfonksiyon ile bağlantılı olan penil doku hasarın üzerine olan etkisini
amaçladık.

Gereç ve Yöntem:
Çalışmamızda 18 adet Sprague-Dawley (250-300gr) erişkin erkek sıçan 3 eşit
gruba ayrıldı: Kontrol (K), Kronik Stres (KS) ve Kronik Stres+Fulvik Asit
(KS+FA). Penis doku kesitleri Hematoksilen&Eozin (H&E) ve Masson
trikrom ile histokimyasal; endoteliyal; n
öronal
nitrik oksit sentaz (eNOS;nNOS), Kaveloin-1, immünohistokimya işaretlemeler
incelenmiştir. Biyokimyasal olarak dokulardaki total antioksidan seviyesi
(TAS), total oksidan seviyesi (TOS), oksidatif stres indeksi (OSİ), katalaz
(KAT), glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx) ve süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) düzeyleri
ölçülmüştür.

Bulgular: KS grubu
incelendiğinde
kontrol grubuna kıyasla trabeküler endotel
hücrelerinde kayıp, kollajen liflerde azalmalar ve incelmeler, bağ dokusu ve
düz kas dağılımında bozulmalar gözlenmiştir. KS+FA grubu incelendiğinde KS
grubuna kıyasla oluşan hasarlarda tam bir iyileşme gözlenmemekle beraber
dokularda yer yer düzelmeler rastlanmıştır. 
KS grubunda eNOS ve nNOS aktivitesinin kontrol grubuna göre azalmış,
kaveolin-1 reaksiyonun ise artmış olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Aynı
grupta TOS ve OSI değerlerinin arttığı, TAS, SOD, KAT ve GPx değerlerinin de
azaldığı görülmüştür. KS+FA grubunda fulvik asit kullanımı ile kontrol grubuna
yakın olduğu gözlenmiştir.







Sonuç: Kullanılan fulvik asitin tedavi edici etkileri olduğu fakat
tedavi için kullanılan dozun yeterli miktarda olmadığı saptanmıştır. Tedavi
edici etkinin yeterli miktarda olması için farklı dozlarda çalışılmasını ileri
sürmekteyiz.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1. Khademi A, Alleyassin A, Amini M, Ghaemi M. Evaluation of sexual dysfunction prevalence in infertile couples. J Sex Med. 2008;5(6):1402-10.
  • Referans2. Saleh RA, Ranga GM, Raina R, Nelson DR, Agarwal A. Sexual dysfunction in men undergoing infertility evaluation: a cohort observational study. Fertil Steril. 2003;79(4):909-12.
  • Referans3. Burns LH. Sexual counseling and infertility. In: Covington S.H. BLH, editor. Infertility counseling a comprehensive handbook for clinicans. New York: Parthenon Publishing; 2006. p. 212-36.
  • Referans4. Rees PM, Fowler CJ, Maas CP. Sexual function in men and women with neurological disorders. Lancet. 2007;369(9560):512-25.
  • Referans5. Tsigos C, Kyrou I, Kassi E, Chrousos GP. Stress, Endocrine Physiology and Pathophysiology. 2000.
  • Referans6. Grigoriadis DE, Heroux JA, De Souza EB. Characterization and regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the central nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Ciba Found Symp. 1993;172:85-101.
  • Referans7. Toda N, Ayajiki K, Okamura T. Nitric oxide and penile erectile function. Pharmacol Ther. 2005;106(2):233-66.
  • Referans8. Gutteridge JM. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. Clin Chem. 1995;41:1819-28.
  • Referans9. Lewis RW, Fugl-Meyer KS, Corona G, Hayes RD, Laumann EO, Moreira ED, Jr., et al. Definitions/epidemiology/risk factors for sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2010;7:1598-607.
  • Referans10. Cherubini A, Ruggiero C, Polidori MC, Mecocci P. Potential markers of oxidative stress in stroke. Free Radic Biol Med. 2005;39(7):841-52.
  • Referans11. Wang W, Yang H, Wang X, Jiang J, Zhu W. Effects of fulvic acid and humic acid on aluminum speciation in drinking water. J Environ Sci (China). 2010;22(2):211-7.
  • Referans12. Zhang XF, Yang G, Dong Y, Zhao YQ, Sun XR, Chen L, et al. Studies on the binding of fulvic acid with transferrin by spectroscopic analysis. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2015;137:1280-5.
  • Referans13. Chiou C.T. Theoretical considerations of the partition uptake of nonionic organic compounds by soil organic matter. In: Sawhney B.L. BK, editor. Reactions and movement of organic chemicals in soils. Madison,W: Soil Science Society of America; 1989. p. 1-29.
  • Referans14. van Rensburg CE. The Antiinflammatory Properties of Humic Substances: A Mini Review. Phytother Res. 2015;29(6):791-5.
  • Referans15. Dong L, Cordova-Kreylos AL, Yang J, Yuan H, Scow KM. Humic acids buffer the effects of urea on soil ammonia oxidizers and potential nitrification. Soil Biol Biochem. 2009;41(8):1612-21.
  • Referans16. Wespes E, Amar E, Hatzichristou D, Montorsi F, Pryor J, Vardi Y. Guidelines on erectile dysfunction. Eur Urol. 2002;41(1):1-5.
  • Referans17. Saenz de Tejada I, Angulo J, Cellek S, Gonzalez-Cadavid N, Heaton J, Pickard R, et al. Pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2005;2(1):26-39.
  • Referans18. Saunders PR, Santos J, Hanssen NP, Yates D, Groot JA, Perdue MH. Physical and psychological stress in rats enhances colonic epithelial permeability via peripheral CRH. Dig Dis Sci. 2002;47(1):208-15.
  • Referans19. Tran L, Chaloner A, Sawalha AH, Greenwood Van-Meerveld B. Importance of epigenetic mechanisms in visceral pain induced by chronic water avoidance stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013;38(6):898-906.
  • Referans20. Lee UJ, Ackerman AL, Wu A, Zhang R, Leung J, Bradesi S, et al. Chronic psychological stress in high-anxiety rats induces sustained bladder hyperalgesia. Physiol Behav. 2015;139:541-8.
  • Referans21. Mersdorf A, Goldsmith PC, Diederichs W, Padula CA, Lue TF, Fishman IJ, et al. Ultrastructural changes in impotent penile tissue: a comparison of 65 patients. J Urol. 1991;145(4):749-58.
  • Referans22. Ozbilen O. Sıçanlarda Medikal ve Cerrahi Kastrasyon Sonrası Penil Kavernöz Doku ve Tunika Albugineada Gelişen Histopatolojik Değişiklikler ve Erektil Disfonksiyon Mekanizmasındaki Rolü. Adana2008.
  • Referans23. Bakircioglu ME, Sievert KD, Nunes L, Lau A, Lin CS, Lue TF. Decreased trabecular smooth muscle and caveolin-1 expression in the penile tissue of aged rats. J Urol. 2001;166(2):734-8.
  • Referans24. Becher EF, Toblli JE, Castronuovo C, Nolazco C, Rosenfeld C, Grosman H, et al. Expression of caveolin-1 in penile cavernosal tissue in a denervated animal model after treatment with sildenafil citrate. J Sex Med. 2009;6(6):1587-93. Referans25. Bivalacqua TJ, Musicki B, Hsu LL, Berkowitz DE, Champion HC, Burnett AL. Sildenafil citrate-restored eNOS and PDE5 regulation in sickle cell mouse penis prevents priapism via control of oxidative/nitrosative stress. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e68028.
  • Referans26. Seftel AD, Saenz de Tejada I, Szetela B, Cole J, Goldstein I. Clozapine-associated priapism: a case report. J Urol. 1992;147(1):146-8.
  • Referans27. Penson DF, Armstrong AJ, Concepcion R, Agarwal N, Olsson C, Karsh L, et al. Enzalutamide Versus Bicalutamide in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The STRIVE Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(18):2098-106.
  • Referans28. Akingba AG, Burnett AL. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression, localization, and activity in the penis of the alloxan-induced diabetic rat. Mol Urol. 2001;5(4):189-97.
  • Referans29. Hurdag C, Ozkara H, Citci S, Uyaner I, Demirci C. The effects of alpha-lipoic acid on nitric oxide synthetase dispersion in penile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Tissue React. 2005;27(3):145-50.
  • Referans30. Haas CA, Seftel AD, Razmjouei K, Ganz MB, Hampel N, Ferguson K. Erectile dysfunction in aging: upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Urology. 1998;51(3):516-22.
  • Referans31. Behrendt D, Ganz P. Endothelial function. From vascular biology to clinical applications. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90:40.
  • Referans32. Linder AE, McCluskey LP, Cole KR, 3rd, Lanning KM, Webb RC. Dynamic association of nitric oxide downstream signaling molecules with endothelial caveolin-1 in rat aorta. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005;314(1):9-15.
  • Referans33. Esertas K. Subklinik Hipotiroidili Olgularda Simvastatin ve Levotiroksin Replasman Tedavisinin Endotel Disfonksiyonu Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Araştırılma. Istanbul2004.
  • Referans34. Beckman JS, Koppenol WH. Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad, and ugly. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:1424-37.
  • Referans35. Rodriguez NC, Urrutia EC, Gertrudis BH, Chaverri JP, Mejia GB. Antioxidant activity of fulvic acid: A living matter-derived bioactive compound. J Food Agric Environ. 2011;9(3-4):123-7.
  • Referans36. Ak E C-DE, Sehirli AO, Tetik S, Pisiriciler R, Sener G, Cetinel S. Sudan kaçınma stresi uygulanmış erkek sıçan mesanesinde oksitosin etkisi: Işık ve elektron mikroskobik inceleme. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal. 2015;19:19-26.
  • Referans37. MacCarthy P PM, Malcolm RL, Thurman EM. . Separation of humic substances by ph gradient desorption from a hydrophobic resin. Anal Chem. 1979;51(12):2041-3.
  • Referans38. Kefer JC, Agarwal A, Sabanegh E. Role of antioxidants in the treatment of male infertility. Int J Urol. 2009;16(5):449-57.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

İbrahim Söğüt

Ezgi Yaprak Söyük Bu kişi benim

Esra Çikler-dülger

Canan Hürdağ

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Eylül 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Söğüt, İ., Yaprak Söyük, E., Çikler-dülger, E., Hürdağ, C. (2018). Kronik Sudan Kaçınma Stresi ile Oluşturulan Oksidatif Hasar ve Fulvik Asidin Erkek Sıçan Dokusunda Erektil Disfonksiyon Üzerine Etkisi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(3), 112-119.
AMA Söğüt İ, Yaprak Söyük E, Çikler-dülger E, Hürdağ C. Kronik Sudan Kaçınma Stresi ile Oluşturulan Oksidatif Hasar ve Fulvik Asidin Erkek Sıçan Dokusunda Erektil Disfonksiyon Üzerine Etkisi. CBU-SBED. Eylül 2018;5(3):112-119.
Chicago Söğüt, İbrahim, Ezgi Yaprak Söyük, Esra Çikler-dülger, ve Canan Hürdağ. “Kronik Sudan Kaçınma Stresi Ile Oluşturulan Oksidatif Hasar Ve Fulvik Asidin Erkek Sıçan Dokusunda Erektil Disfonksiyon Üzerine Etkisi”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5, sy. 3 (Eylül 2018): 112-19.
EndNote Söğüt İ, Yaprak Söyük E, Çikler-dülger E, Hürdağ C (01 Eylül 2018) Kronik Sudan Kaçınma Stresi ile Oluşturulan Oksidatif Hasar ve Fulvik Asidin Erkek Sıçan Dokusunda Erektil Disfonksiyon Üzerine Etkisi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5 3 112–119.
IEEE İ. Söğüt, E. Yaprak Söyük, E. Çikler-dülger, ve C. Hürdağ, “Kronik Sudan Kaçınma Stresi ile Oluşturulan Oksidatif Hasar ve Fulvik Asidin Erkek Sıçan Dokusunda Erektil Disfonksiyon Üzerine Etkisi”, CBU-SBED, c. 5, sy. 3, ss. 112–119, 2018.
ISNAD Söğüt, İbrahim vd. “Kronik Sudan Kaçınma Stresi Ile Oluşturulan Oksidatif Hasar Ve Fulvik Asidin Erkek Sıçan Dokusunda Erektil Disfonksiyon Üzerine Etkisi”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5/3 (Eylül 2018), 112-119.
JAMA Söğüt İ, Yaprak Söyük E, Çikler-dülger E, Hürdağ C. Kronik Sudan Kaçınma Stresi ile Oluşturulan Oksidatif Hasar ve Fulvik Asidin Erkek Sıçan Dokusunda Erektil Disfonksiyon Üzerine Etkisi. CBU-SBED. 2018;5:112–119.
MLA Söğüt, İbrahim vd. “Kronik Sudan Kaçınma Stresi Ile Oluşturulan Oksidatif Hasar Ve Fulvik Asidin Erkek Sıçan Dokusunda Erektil Disfonksiyon Üzerine Etkisi”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 3, 2018, ss. 112-9.
Vancouver Söğüt İ, Yaprak Söyük E, Çikler-dülger E, Hürdağ C. Kronik Sudan Kaçınma Stresi ile Oluşturulan Oksidatif Hasar ve Fulvik Asidin Erkek Sıçan Dokusunda Erektil Disfonksiyon Üzerine Etkisi. CBU-SBED. 2018;5(3):112-9.