Kadın Bireylerde Besin Bağımlılığının Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4, 481 - 488, 31.12.2020

Sümeyye Güzel , Alev Keser

https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.722083

Öz

Giriş: Besin bağımlılığı; bireyler tarafından lezzetli kabul edilen ve yüksek enerji/yağ/şeker içeren besinlerin bağımlılık yapıcı etkilerinden dolayı aşırı yemeye neden olarak obezite etiyolojisinde rol oynayabileceği düşüncesi ile son yıllarda oldukça ilgi çeken bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, kadın bireylerde besin bağımlılığı görülme sıklığının belirlenmesi ve besin bağımlılığı ile antropometrik ölçümler ve biyokimyasal parametreler arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür.
Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmaya 19-64 yaş arası 106 gönüllü kadın birey katılmıştır. Kadınların vücut analizleri, segmental vücut analiz cihazı ile belirlenirken besin bağımlılığı durumu Yale Besin Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin %26.4’ünde besin bağımlılığı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin besin bağımlılığına sahip olma durumuna göre antropometrik ölçümleri ve biyokimyasal parametreleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmazken besin bağımlılığı olan kadınlarda fazla kilolu ve obez olma oranının, bel çevresi, bel/kalça oranı, toplam kolesterol, LDL-kolesterol ve trigliserit düzeyleri için riskin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p>0.05). Bununla birlikte besin bağımlılığına sahip kadınların olmayanlara kıyasla daha sık fast-food tarzı besin ve şekerli içecek tükettikleri saptanmıştır (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Besin bağımlılığı, kadınlar arasında yaygın olmakla birlikte kardiyometabolik hastalıklar için risk faktörü kabul edilen bazı parametreler üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sahiptir. Bu durum; besin bağımlılığının obezite, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, metabolik sendrom ve diyabet gibi hastalıkların görülme sıklığının artmasında rol oynayabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antropometrik ölçümler, besin bağımlılığı, obezite, Yale Besin Bağımlılığı Ölçeği

Evaluation of Food Addiction in Female Individuals

Öz

Objective: Food addiction; due to the addictive effects of foods that are considered delicious by individuals and contain high energy/fat/sugar, it has become a subject of interest in recent years with the idea that it may play a role in the etiology of obesity by causing overeating. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of food addiction in female individuals and to evaluate the relationship between food addiction and anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters.
Materials and Metods: 106 volunteer female individuals aged 19-64 participated in the study. While body analyzes of women were determined with segmental body analysis device, nutritional addiction status was evaluated by Yale Food Addiction Scale.
Results: It was determined that 26.4% of the individuals participating in the research had food addiction. While there was no statistically significant difference in anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters of individuals according to their food addiction status, it is determined that being overweight and obese and the risk for waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels are higher in women with food addiction (p>0.05). However, it was found that women with food addiction consumed fast food and sugar sweetened drinks more frequently than those who did not (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Food addiction is common among women and it has negative effects on some parameters that are accepted as risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. This situation; shows that food addiction may play a role in increasing the incidence of diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and diabetes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anthropometric measurements, Food addiction, Obesity, Yale Food Addiction Scale

Kaynakça

• DSÖ/Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, Obesity and overweight. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight, 2018 (accessed 25.02.2020).
• Campana, B, Brasiel, P.G, De Aguiar, A.S, Luquetti, S.C.P.D, Obesity and Food Addiction: Similarities to Drug Addiction, Obesity Medicine, 2019, 16, 100136.
• Lerma-Cabrera, J.M, Carvajal, F, Lopez-Legarrea, P, Food addiction as a new piece of the obesity framework, Nutrition Journal, 2016, 15, 5.
• Belfort-DeAguiar, R.D, Seo, D. Food Cues and Obesity: Overpowering Hormones and Energy Balance Regulation, Current Obesity Report, 2018, 7(2), 122–129.
• Nunes-Neto, P.R, Köhler, C.A, Schuch, F.B, et al, Food addiction: Prevalence, psychopathological correlates and associations with quality of life in a large sample, Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2018, 96, 145-152.
• Lemeshow, A.R, Rimm, E.B, Hasin, D.S, et al, Food and beverage consumption and food addiction among women in the Nurses' Health Studies, Appetite, 2018, 121, 186-197.
• Schulte, E.M, Tuttle, H.M, Gearhardt, A.N, Belief in Food Addiction and Obesity-Related Policy Support. PLoS One, 2016, 11(1), e0147557.
• Loxton, N.J, Tipman, R.J, Reward sensitivity and food addiction in women, Appetite, 2017, 115, 28-35.
• Hauck, C, Weıß, A, Schulte, E.M, Meule, A, Ellrott, T, Prevalence of ‘Food Addiction’ as Measured with the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 in a Representative German Sample and Its Association with Sex, Age and Weight Categories, Obesity Facts, 2017, 10(1), 12-24.
• DSÖ/Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, Waist Circumference and Waist–Hip Ratio: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44583/1/9789241501491_eng.pdf, 2011 (accessed 25.02.2020).
• NIH/Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüsü, ATP III Guidelines At-A-Glance Quick Desk Reference. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/atglance.pdf, 2001 (accessed 25.02.2020).
• Gearhardt, A.N, Corbin, W.R, Brownell, K.D, Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Measurement Instrument Database for the Social Science. http://www.midss.org/content/yale-food-addiction-scale-yfas, 2012 (accessed 25.02.2020).
• Hebebrand, J, Albayrak, Ö, Adan, R, et al, “Eating addiction”, rather than “food addiction”, better captures addictive-like eating behavior, Neuroscience&Biobehavioral Reviews, 2014, 47, 295-306.
• Meule, A, Gearhardt, A,N, Food addiction in the light of DSM-5, Nutrients, 2014, 6(9), 3653-3671.
• Ivezaj, V, Wiedemann, A.A, Grilo, C.M, Food addiction and bariatric surgery: a systematic review of the literature, Obesity Reviews, 2017, 18(12), 1386–97.
• Gearhardt, A.N, White, M.A, Masheb, R.M, Morgan, P.T, Crosby, R.D, Grilo, C.M, An examination of the food addiction construct in obese patients with binge eating disorder, International Journal of Eating Disorder, 2012, 45(5), 657–63.
• Gearhardt, A.N, White, M.A, Masheb, R.M, Grilo, C.M, An examination of food addiction in a racially diverse sample of obese patients with binge eating disorder in primary care settings, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2013, 54(5), 500–5.
• Pursey, K.M, Stanwell, P, Gearhardt, A.N, Collins, C.E, Burrows, T.L, The prevalence of food addiction as assessed by the Yale Food Addiction Scale: a systematic review, Nutrients, 2014, 6(10), 4552–90.
• Hardy, R, Fani, N, Jovanovic, T, Michopoulos, V, Food addiction and substance addiction in women: Common clinical characteristics, Appetite, 2018, 120, 367-373.
• Çelebi, C, Obezite Hastalarında Yeme Bağımlılığı, Psikopatoloji ve Kişilik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi, Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi, İstanbul, 2015.
• Pedram, P, Wadden, D, Amini, P, et al, Food Addiction: Its Prevalence and Significant Association with Obesity in the General Population, PLoS ONE, 2013, 8(9), e74832.
• Yang, F, Liu, A, Li, Y, et al, Food addiction in Patients with newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in Northeast China, Frontiers Endocrinology, 2017, 8, 218.
• Flint, A.J, Gearhardt, A.N, Corbin, W.R, Brownell, K.D, Field, A.E, Rimm, E.B, Food-addiction scale measurement in 2 cohorts of middle-aged and older women, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014, 99(3), 578-86.
• Gearhardt, A.N, Boswell, R.G, White, M.A, The Association of “Food Addiction” with Disordered Eating and Body Mass Index, Eating Behaviors, 2014, 15(3), 427-433.
• Berenson, A.B, Laz, T.H, Pohlmeier, A.M, Rahman, M, Cunningham, K.A, Prevalence of Food Addiction Among Low-Income Reproductive-Aged Women, Journal of Women’s Health (Larchmt), 2015, 24(9), 740-4.
• Pedram, P, Sun, G, Hormonal and Dietary Characteristics in Obese Human Subjects with and without Food Addiction, Nutrients, 2015, 7, 223-238.
• Masheb, R.M, Ruser, C.B, Min, K.M, Bullock, A.J, Dorflinger, L.M, Does food addiction contribute to excess weight among clinic patients seeking weight reduction? Examination of the Modified Yale Food Addiction Survey, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2018, 84, 1–6.
• Meule, A, Food addiction and body-mass-index: a non-linear relationship, Medical Hypotheses, 2012, 79(4), 508–11.
• Bégin, C, St-Louis, M, Turmel, S, et al, Does food addiction distinguish a specific subgroup of overweight/obese overeating women, Health, 2012, 4(12A), 1492–9.
• Eichen, D.M, Lent, M.R, Goldbacher, E, Foster, G.D, Exploration of "food addiction" in overweight and obese treatment-seeking adults, Appetite, 2013, 67, 22–4.
• Meule, A, Lutz, A, Vogele, C, Kubler, A, Womenwith elevated food addiction symptoms show accelerated reactions, but no impaired inhibitory control, in response to pictures of high-calorie food-cues, Eating Behaviors, 2012, 13(4), 423–8.
• Meule, A, Heckel, D, Jurowich, C.F, Vogele, C, Kubler, A, Correlates of food addiction in obese individuals seeking bariatric surgery, Clinical Obesity, 2014, 4(4), 228–36.
• Meule, A, Kübler, A, Food cravings in food addiction: The distinct role of positive reinforcement, Eating Behaviors, 2012, 13(3), 252-255.
• Gearhardt, A.N, Yokum, S, Orr, P.T, Stice, E, Corbin, W.R, Brownell, K.D, Neural correlates of food addiction, Archives of General Psychiatry, 2011, 68(8), 808-816.
• Pandit, R, de Jong, J.W, Vanderschuren, L.J, Adan, R.A, Neurobiology of overeating and obesity: the role of melanocortins and beyond, European Journal of Pharmacology, 2011, 660, 28-42.
• Volkow, N.D, Wang, G.J, Tomasi, D, Baler, R.D, The addictive dimensionality of obesity, Biological Psychiatry, 2013, 73(9), 811-818.
• Avena, N.M, Gold, M.S, Food and addiction-sugars, fats and hedonic overeating, Addiction, 2011, 106(7), 1213-1220.
• Gearhardt, A.N, Grilo, C.M, Dileone, R.J, Brownell, K.D, Potenza, M.N, Can food be addictive? Public health and policy implications, Addiction, 2011, 106(7), 1208-1212.
• Richard, J.M, Castro, D.C, Difeliceantonio, A.G, Robinson, M.J.F, Berridge, K.C, Mapping brain circuits of reward and motivation: In the footsteps of Ann Kelley, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2013, 37(0), 1-26.