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Apnea of Prematurity and Nursing Management

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 151 - 156, 31.12.2020

Merve Azak , Suzan Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.748907

Öz

Apnea is a common condition especially in premature infants. The incidence of premature apnea is inversely proportional to the gestational age and birth weight. As the baby's gestational week and birth weight decrease, its incidence increases. Apnea of prematurity; besides the immature of the systems, it may occur due to causes such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, metabolic and cardiovascular system problems, infection, sleep disturbance. In the treatment of apnea of prematurity, methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline, aminophylline), carbon dioxide and continuous positive airway pressure are used. Various positions, kangaroo care, nutrition, body temperature balance, odor and stimulation methods are used in nursing management in apnea. This review has been handled in order to examine apnea of prematurity and nursing management in line with current information.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Premature apnea apnea of prematurity nursing management

Kaynakça

  • Ladewig, P. W., London, M. L., & Davidson, M. R. (2014). Clinical Handbook for Contemporary Maternal-newborn Nursing Care. (8th Ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
  • Leifer, G. (2019). Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing. (8th Ed.). Missouri:Elsevier, 625.
  • Mishra, S,, Agarwal, R,, Jeevasankar, M,, Aggarwal, R,, Deorari, A, K,, Paul, V. K. (2008). Apnea in The Newborn. Indian J Pediatr, 75(1), 57-61.
  • Picone, S., Aufieri, R. & Paolillo, P. (2014). Apnea Of Prematurity: Challenges And Solutions. Research And Reports in Neonatology, 4, 101-109.
  • Samancı, N. (2008). Apne. İçinde: T. Dağoğlu, G. Görak (Eds.). Temel Neonatoloji Ve Hemşirelik İlkeleri. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2. Baskı, 295-300.
  • Ball, J., Bindler, R. Ve Cowen, K., Shaw, M. (2017). Principles Of Pediatric Nursing Caring For Children. (7th Ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, 559-561.
  • Yılmaz, F. H., Altunhan, H. (2018). Yenidoğanın Geçici Takipnesi, Yenidoğanda Apne. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Family Medicine Special Topics, 9(2), 112-116.
  • Özlü, F., Tunç, A., & Yıldızdaş, H. Y. (2017). Geç Prematüre Doğan Bebeklerin Sorunları. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 26(4), 521-539. Marcdante, K. J. & Kliegman, R. M. (2019). Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics, 8th edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Zhao, J., Gonzalez, F. Ve Mu, D. (2011) Apnea Of Prematurity: From Cause To Treatment. Eur J Pediatr, 170, 1097-1105.
  • Finer, N. N., Barrington, K. J., Hayes, B. J., Hugh, A. (1992). Obstructive, mixed, and central apnea in the neonate: physiologic correlates. The Journal of Pediatrics, 121(6), 943-950.
  • Gauda, Martin, (2018). Control of Breathing. In C. A. Gleason, S. E. Juul (Eds.), Avery's Diseases Of The Newborn (10th Ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences. 600-617.
  • Tuncer, O., & Peker, E. (2015). Prematüre Apnesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Pediatric Sciences-Special Topics, 11(1), 116-121. Perretta, J. S. (2014). Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.
  • Can, G., Çoban, A., İnce, Z. Ve Özmen, M. (2010). Yenidoğan Ve Hastalıkları. İçinde O. Neyzi, T. Ertuğrul (Eds.), Pediyatri Cilt 1. (4. Baskı). İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 335-505.
  • Weiss, P., Tolomeo, C. (2012). Neonatal Lung Disease: Apnea Of Prematurity And Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. İçinde C. Tolomeo (Ed.) Nursing Care in Pediatric Respiratory Disease. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 86-91.
  • Konak M. Annagür A. Şap F. Altunhan H. Tarakçı N. Örs R. (2014). Prematür Apnesi Nedeniyle Kafein Tedavisi Uygulanan Yenidoğanda Gözlenen Supraventriküler Taşikardi. Selçuk Tıp Dergisi, 30(1), 34-35.
  • Vergales, B.D., Paget Brown, A.O., Lee, H., Guin, L.E., Smoot, T.J., Rusin, C.G. Ve Ark. (2014). Accurate Automated Apnea Analysis İn Preterm İnfants. American Journal Of Perinatology, 31(2), 157-162.
  • Amin, S.B. ve Burnell, E. (2013). Monitoring Apnea Of Prematurity: Validity Of Nursing Documentation And Bedside Cardiorespiratory Monitor. American Journal of Perinatology, 30(8), 643-647.
  • Brockmann, P. E., Wiechers, C., Pantalitschka, T., Diebold, J., Vagedes, J., & Poets, C. F. (2013). Under-recognition of alarms in a neonatal intensive care unit. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 98(6), F524-F527.
  • Çınar, A. ve Yiğit, Ş. (2005). Ventilasyon Kontrolü Ve Apne. İçinde: M. Yurdakök, Ş. Yiğit, G. Tekinalp (Eds.), Yenidoğanda Solunum Desteği. Ankara: Güneş Kitabevi, 49-60.
  • Acunaş, B., Baş, A. Y., Uslui S. (2014). Yüksek Riskli Bebek İzlem Rehberi. Türk Neonatoloji Derneği web sitesinden erişildi: http://www.neonatology.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/yuksek_riskli_bebek.pdf
  • Kyle, T., Carman, S. (2013). Essentials of pediatric nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
  • Jeong, K., Kim, H.S., Song, E.S. Ve Choi, Y.Y. (2015). Comparison Between Caffeine And Theophylline Therapy For Apnea Of Prematurity. Neonatal Medicine, 22(1), 14-20.
  • Çavuşoğlu, H. (2013). Çocuk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Cilt II. (10. Baskı). Ankara: Sistem Ofset Basımevi, 88-89.
  • James, S. R., Ashwill, J. W. (2007). Nursing Care Of Children Principle And Practise. (3rd Ed.). Elsevier, 634-635.
  • Paolillo, P., & Picone, S. (2013). Apnea of prematurity. Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine (JPNIM), 2(2), e020213.
  • Bhat, R.Y., Hannam, S., Pressler, R., Rafferty, G. F., Peacock, J. L., Greenough, A. (2006). Effect Of Prone And Supine Position On Sleep, Apneas And Arousal in Preterm Infants. Pediatrics, 118(1), 101-107.
  • Sher, T.R. (2002). Effect Of Nursing İn The Head Elevated Tilt Position (15 Degrees) On The Incidence Of Bradycardic And Hypoxemic Episodes In Preterm Infants. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 14(2), 112-113.
  • Jenni, O. G., von Siebenthal, K., Wolf, M., Keel, M., Duc, G., Bucher, H. U. (1997). Effect of nursing in the head elevated tilt position (15) on the incidence of bradycardic and hypoxemic episodes in preterm infants. Pediatrics, 100(4), 622-625.
  • Kanbur, B.N. (2013). Preterm Yenidoğanlarda Uygulanan Vanilya Esansı Ve Anne Sütü Kokusunun Apne Sıklığı Üzerine Etkisi. Haliç Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Hemşirelik Bölümü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul. (Danışman: Yard. Doç. Dr. Serap Balcı).
  • Bauschatz, A.S., Kaufmann, C.M., Haensse, D., Pfister, R., Kinaesthetic Group Of Nursing Staff, Bucher, H.U. (2008). A Preliminary Report Of Nursing İn The Three-Stair-Position To Prevent Apnoea Of Prematurity. Acta Paediatrica, 97(12), 1743-1745.
  • Tourneux, P., Cardot, V., Museux, N., Chardon, K., Leke, A., Telliez, F. Ve Ark. (2008). Influence Of Thermal Drive On Central Sleep Apnea in The Preterm Neonate. Sleep, 31(4), 549-556.
  • Silbert-Flagg, J., Pillitteri, A. (2018). Maternal and Child Health Nursing. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
  • Alvaro, R.E., Khalil, M., Qurashi, M., Al-Saif, S., Al-Matary, A., Chiui A. Ve Ark. (2012). CO2 İnhalation As A Treatment For Apnea Of Prematurity: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Pediatrics, 160(2), 252-257.
  • Çay, S., & Geylani Güleç, S. (2015). Yenidoğan beslenmesinde kullanılan enteral yöntemler ve hemşirelik bakımı. JAREN/Hemşirelik Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, 1(1), 39-4.
  • Uygur, O., Yalaz, M., Can, N., Koroglu, O. A., & Kultursay, N. (2019). Preterm infants may better tolerate feeds at temperatures closer to freshly expressed breast milk: A randomized controlled trial. Breastfeeding Medicine, 14(3), 154-158.
  • Gözen, D., Girgin, B. A. (2017). Preterm Bebeklerde Oral Beslenmeyi Destekleyici Kanıta Dayalı Girişimler. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 7(4), 171-174.
  • Park, J., Thoyre, S., Knafl, G. J., Hodges, E. A., & Nix, W. B. (2014). Efficacy of semielevated side-lying positioning during bottle-feeding of very preterm infants: A pilot study. The journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing, 28(1), 69-79.
  • Dawson, J. A., Myers, L. R., Moorhead, A., Jacobs, S. E., Ong, K., Salo, F., ... & Davis, P. G. (2013). A randomised trial of two techniques for bottle feeding preterm infants. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 49(6), 462-466.
  • Camargo, V. C., da Silva, S. H., de Amorim, M. F., Nohama, P. (2014, August). Instrumentation for the detection and interruption of apnea episodes for premature newborn. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE (pp. 2127-2130). IEEE.
  • Bloch-Salisbury, E., Indic, P., Bednarek, F. Ve Paydarfar, D. (2009). Stabilizing İmmature Breathing Patterns Of Preterm İnfants Using Stochastic Mechanosensory Stimulation. J Appl Physiol, 107(4), 1017–1027.
  • Korner, A. F., Kraemer, H. C., Haffner, M. E., & Cosper, L. M. (1975). Effects of waterbed flotation on premature infants: A pilot study. Pediatrics, 56(3), 361-367.
  • Güler, E., Aydın Ateş, N., Küğcümen, G. (2019). Kanguru Bakımının Düşük Doğum Ağırlıklı Ve Prematüre Yenidoğana Etkileri. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2), 1-5.
  • Mitchell, A. J., Yates, C., Williams, K., & Hall, R. W. (2013). Effects of daily kangaroo care on cardiorespiratory parameters in preterm infants. Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine, 6(3), 243-249.
  • Boju, S. L., Gopi Krishna, M., Uppala, R., Chodavarapu, P., & Chodavarapu, R. (2012). Short spell kangaroo mother care and its differential physiological influence in subgroups of preterm babies. Journal of tropical pediatrics, 58(3), 189-193.
  • Begum, E. A., Bonno, M., Ohtani, N., Yamashita, S., Tanaka, S., Yamamoto, H., ... & Komada, Y. (2008). Cerebral oxygenation responses during kangaroo care in low birth weight infants. BMC pediatrics, 8(1), 51.
  • Ludington-Hoe, S.M., Anderson, G.C., Swinth, J.Y., Thompson, C. Ve Hadeed, A.J. (2004). Randomized Controlled Trial Of Kangaroo Care: Cardiorespiratory And Thermal Effects On Healthy Preterm İnfants. Neonatal Netw, 23(3), 39–48.
  • Heimann, K., Vaessen, P., Peschgens, T., Stanzel, S., Wenzl, T.G. Ve Orlikowsky, T. (2010). Impact Of Skin To Skin Care, Prone And Supine Positioning On Cardiorespiratory Parameters And Thermoregulation in Premature Infants. Neonatology, 97(4), 311–317.
  • Bohnhorst, B., Gill, D., Dordelmann, M., Peter, C.S. Ve Poets, C.F. (2004). Bradycardia And Desaturation During Skin-To-Skin Care: No Relationship To Hyperthermia. Pediatrics, 145(4), 499–502.
  • Fischer, C. B., Sontheimer, D., Scheffer, F., Bauer, J., & Linderkamp, O. (1998). Cardiorespiratory stability of premature boys and girls during kangaroo care. Early Human Development, 52(2), 145-153.
  • Mori, R., Khanna, R., Pledge, D., Nakayama, T. (2010). Meta‐analysis of physiological effects of skin‐to‐skin contact for newborns and mothers. Pediatrics International, 52(2), 161-170.
  • Küçükoğlu, S. (2019). Comfort in Premature Babies. Pediatric Practice and Research, 7(4), 85-89.
  • Edraki, M., Pourpulad, H., Kargar, M., Pishva, N., Zare, N., Montaseri, H. (2013). Olfactory Stimulation By Vanillin Prevents Apnea İn Prematüre Newborn İnfants. Iran J Pediatr, 23(3), 261-268.
  • Marlier, L., Gaugler, C. ve Messer, J. (2005). Olfactory stimulation prevents apnea in premature newborns. Pediatrics, 115(1), 83–88.
  • Kanbur, B. N., & Balci, S. (2019). Impact of the odors of vanilla extract and breast milk on the frequency of apnea in preterm neonates. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 17:e12271.
  • Aghagoli, S., Salimi, A., Salimi, M., Ghazavi, Z., Marofi, M., Mohammadbeigi, A. (2016). Aromatherapy with Rosa damascenes in apnea, bradycardia and Spo2 of preterm infants; A randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Pediatrics, 4(6), 1911-1918.
  • Gardner, S.L., Hires, M.E., Dickey, L.A. (2011). Common Systemic Diseases Of The Neonate. In S.L. Gardner, B.S. Carter, M.E. Hines, J.A. Hernandez (Eds.), Neonatal Intensive Care. (7th Ed). Missouri: Mosby Elsevier, 581-677.
  • Davis, N. L., Condon, F., & Rhein, L. M. (2013). Epidemiology and predictors of failure of the infant car seat challenge. Pediatrics, 131(5), 951-957.

PREMATÜRE APNESİ VE HEMŞİRELİK YÖNETİMİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 151 - 156, 31.12.2020

Merve Azak , Suzan Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.748907

Öz

Apne özellikle prematüre bebeklerde sık görülen bir durumdur. Prematüre apnesinin görülme sıklığı gebelik yaşı ve doğum ağırlığı ile ters orantılıdır. Bebeğin gestasyon haftası ve doğum ağırlığı azaldıkça görülme oranı artmaktadır. Prematüre apnesi sistemlerin immatürlüğünün yanında solunum, gastrointestinal, metabolik ve kardiyovasküler sistem sorunları, enfeksiyon, uyku bozukluğu gibi nedenlere bağlı olarak ortaya çıkabilir. Prematüre apnesinin tedavisinde metilksantinler (kafein, teofilin, aminofilin), karbondioksit ve sürekli pozitif hava yolu basıncı kullanılmaktadır. Apnede hemşirelik yönetiminde çeşitli pozisyonlar, kanguru bakımı, beslenme, vücut ısı dengesi, koku ve stimülasyon yöntemlerinden faydalanılır. Bu derleme prematüre apnesi ve hemşirelik yönetimini güncel bilgiler doğrultusunda irdelemek amacıyla ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

prematüre apne hemşireli

Kaynakça

  • Ladewig, P. W., London, M. L., & Davidson, M. R. (2014). Clinical Handbook for Contemporary Maternal-newborn Nursing Care. (8th Ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
  • Leifer, G. (2019). Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing. (8th Ed.). Missouri:Elsevier, 625.
  • Mishra, S,, Agarwal, R,, Jeevasankar, M,, Aggarwal, R,, Deorari, A, K,, Paul, V. K. (2008). Apnea in The Newborn. Indian J Pediatr, 75(1), 57-61.
  • Picone, S., Aufieri, R. & Paolillo, P. (2014). Apnea Of Prematurity: Challenges And Solutions. Research And Reports in Neonatology, 4, 101-109.
  • Samancı, N. (2008). Apne. İçinde: T. Dağoğlu, G. Görak (Eds.). Temel Neonatoloji Ve Hemşirelik İlkeleri. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2. Baskı, 295-300.
  • Ball, J., Bindler, R. Ve Cowen, K., Shaw, M. (2017). Principles Of Pediatric Nursing Caring For Children. (7th Ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, 559-561.
  • Yılmaz, F. H., Altunhan, H. (2018). Yenidoğanın Geçici Takipnesi, Yenidoğanda Apne. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Family Medicine Special Topics, 9(2), 112-116.
  • Özlü, F., Tunç, A., & Yıldızdaş, H. Y. (2017). Geç Prematüre Doğan Bebeklerin Sorunları. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 26(4), 521-539. Marcdante, K. J. & Kliegman, R. M. (2019). Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics, 8th edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Zhao, J., Gonzalez, F. Ve Mu, D. (2011) Apnea Of Prematurity: From Cause To Treatment. Eur J Pediatr, 170, 1097-1105.
  • Finer, N. N., Barrington, K. J., Hayes, B. J., Hugh, A. (1992). Obstructive, mixed, and central apnea in the neonate: physiologic correlates. The Journal of Pediatrics, 121(6), 943-950.
  • Gauda, Martin, (2018). Control of Breathing. In C. A. Gleason, S. E. Juul (Eds.), Avery's Diseases Of The Newborn (10th Ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences. 600-617.
  • Tuncer, O., & Peker, E. (2015). Prematüre Apnesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Pediatric Sciences-Special Topics, 11(1), 116-121. Perretta, J. S. (2014). Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.
  • Can, G., Çoban, A., İnce, Z. Ve Özmen, M. (2010). Yenidoğan Ve Hastalıkları. İçinde O. Neyzi, T. Ertuğrul (Eds.), Pediyatri Cilt 1. (4. Baskı). İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 335-505.
  • Weiss, P., Tolomeo, C. (2012). Neonatal Lung Disease: Apnea Of Prematurity And Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. İçinde C. Tolomeo (Ed.) Nursing Care in Pediatric Respiratory Disease. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 86-91.
  • Konak M. Annagür A. Şap F. Altunhan H. Tarakçı N. Örs R. (2014). Prematür Apnesi Nedeniyle Kafein Tedavisi Uygulanan Yenidoğanda Gözlenen Supraventriküler Taşikardi. Selçuk Tıp Dergisi, 30(1), 34-35.
  • Vergales, B.D., Paget Brown, A.O., Lee, H., Guin, L.E., Smoot, T.J., Rusin, C.G. Ve Ark. (2014). Accurate Automated Apnea Analysis İn Preterm İnfants. American Journal Of Perinatology, 31(2), 157-162.
  • Amin, S.B. ve Burnell, E. (2013). Monitoring Apnea Of Prematurity: Validity Of Nursing Documentation And Bedside Cardiorespiratory Monitor. American Journal of Perinatology, 30(8), 643-647.
  • Brockmann, P. E., Wiechers, C., Pantalitschka, T., Diebold, J., Vagedes, J., & Poets, C. F. (2013). Under-recognition of alarms in a neonatal intensive care unit. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 98(6), F524-F527.
  • Çınar, A. ve Yiğit, Ş. (2005). Ventilasyon Kontrolü Ve Apne. İçinde: M. Yurdakök, Ş. Yiğit, G. Tekinalp (Eds.), Yenidoğanda Solunum Desteği. Ankara: Güneş Kitabevi, 49-60.
  • Acunaş, B., Baş, A. Y., Uslui S. (2014). Yüksek Riskli Bebek İzlem Rehberi. Türk Neonatoloji Derneği web sitesinden erişildi: http://www.neonatology.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/yuksek_riskli_bebek.pdf
  • Kyle, T., Carman, S. (2013). Essentials of pediatric nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
  • Jeong, K., Kim, H.S., Song, E.S. Ve Choi, Y.Y. (2015). Comparison Between Caffeine And Theophylline Therapy For Apnea Of Prematurity. Neonatal Medicine, 22(1), 14-20.
  • Çavuşoğlu, H. (2013). Çocuk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Cilt II. (10. Baskı). Ankara: Sistem Ofset Basımevi, 88-89.
  • James, S. R., Ashwill, J. W. (2007). Nursing Care Of Children Principle And Practise. (3rd Ed.). Elsevier, 634-635.
  • Paolillo, P., & Picone, S. (2013). Apnea of prematurity. Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine (JPNIM), 2(2), e020213.
  • Bhat, R.Y., Hannam, S., Pressler, R., Rafferty, G. F., Peacock, J. L., Greenough, A. (2006). Effect Of Prone And Supine Position On Sleep, Apneas And Arousal in Preterm Infants. Pediatrics, 118(1), 101-107.
  • Sher, T.R. (2002). Effect Of Nursing İn The Head Elevated Tilt Position (15 Degrees) On The Incidence Of Bradycardic And Hypoxemic Episodes In Preterm Infants. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 14(2), 112-113.
  • Jenni, O. G., von Siebenthal, K., Wolf, M., Keel, M., Duc, G., Bucher, H. U. (1997). Effect of nursing in the head elevated tilt position (15) on the incidence of bradycardic and hypoxemic episodes in preterm infants. Pediatrics, 100(4), 622-625.
  • Kanbur, B.N. (2013). Preterm Yenidoğanlarda Uygulanan Vanilya Esansı Ve Anne Sütü Kokusunun Apne Sıklığı Üzerine Etkisi. Haliç Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Hemşirelik Bölümü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul. (Danışman: Yard. Doç. Dr. Serap Balcı).
  • Bauschatz, A.S., Kaufmann, C.M., Haensse, D., Pfister, R., Kinaesthetic Group Of Nursing Staff, Bucher, H.U. (2008). A Preliminary Report Of Nursing İn The Three-Stair-Position To Prevent Apnoea Of Prematurity. Acta Paediatrica, 97(12), 1743-1745.
  • Tourneux, P., Cardot, V., Museux, N., Chardon, K., Leke, A., Telliez, F. Ve Ark. (2008). Influence Of Thermal Drive On Central Sleep Apnea in The Preterm Neonate. Sleep, 31(4), 549-556.
  • Silbert-Flagg, J., Pillitteri, A. (2018). Maternal and Child Health Nursing. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
  • Alvaro, R.E., Khalil, M., Qurashi, M., Al-Saif, S., Al-Matary, A., Chiui A. Ve Ark. (2012). CO2 İnhalation As A Treatment For Apnea Of Prematurity: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Pediatrics, 160(2), 252-257.
  • Çay, S., & Geylani Güleç, S. (2015). Yenidoğan beslenmesinde kullanılan enteral yöntemler ve hemşirelik bakımı. JAREN/Hemşirelik Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, 1(1), 39-4.
  • Uygur, O., Yalaz, M., Can, N., Koroglu, O. A., & Kultursay, N. (2019). Preterm infants may better tolerate feeds at temperatures closer to freshly expressed breast milk: A randomized controlled trial. Breastfeeding Medicine, 14(3), 154-158.
  • Gözen, D., Girgin, B. A. (2017). Preterm Bebeklerde Oral Beslenmeyi Destekleyici Kanıta Dayalı Girişimler. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 7(4), 171-174.
  • Park, J., Thoyre, S., Knafl, G. J., Hodges, E. A., & Nix, W. B. (2014). Efficacy of semielevated side-lying positioning during bottle-feeding of very preterm infants: A pilot study. The journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing, 28(1), 69-79.
  • Dawson, J. A., Myers, L. R., Moorhead, A., Jacobs, S. E., Ong, K., Salo, F., ... & Davis, P. G. (2013). A randomised trial of two techniques for bottle feeding preterm infants. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 49(6), 462-466.
  • Camargo, V. C., da Silva, S. H., de Amorim, M. F., Nohama, P. (2014, August). Instrumentation for the detection and interruption of apnea episodes for premature newborn. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE (pp. 2127-2130). IEEE.
  • Bloch-Salisbury, E., Indic, P., Bednarek, F. Ve Paydarfar, D. (2009). Stabilizing İmmature Breathing Patterns Of Preterm İnfants Using Stochastic Mechanosensory Stimulation. J Appl Physiol, 107(4), 1017–1027.
  • Korner, A. F., Kraemer, H. C., Haffner, M. E., & Cosper, L. M. (1975). Effects of waterbed flotation on premature infants: A pilot study. Pediatrics, 56(3), 361-367.
  • Güler, E., Aydın Ateş, N., Küğcümen, G. (2019). Kanguru Bakımının Düşük Doğum Ağırlıklı Ve Prematüre Yenidoğana Etkileri. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2), 1-5.
  • Mitchell, A. J., Yates, C., Williams, K., & Hall, R. W. (2013). Effects of daily kangaroo care on cardiorespiratory parameters in preterm infants. Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine, 6(3), 243-249.
  • Boju, S. L., Gopi Krishna, M., Uppala, R., Chodavarapu, P., & Chodavarapu, R. (2012). Short spell kangaroo mother care and its differential physiological influence in subgroups of preterm babies. Journal of tropical pediatrics, 58(3), 189-193.
  • Begum, E. A., Bonno, M., Ohtani, N., Yamashita, S., Tanaka, S., Yamamoto, H., ... & Komada, Y. (2008). Cerebral oxygenation responses during kangaroo care in low birth weight infants. BMC pediatrics, 8(1), 51.
  • Ludington-Hoe, S.M., Anderson, G.C., Swinth, J.Y., Thompson, C. Ve Hadeed, A.J. (2004). Randomized Controlled Trial Of Kangaroo Care: Cardiorespiratory And Thermal Effects On Healthy Preterm İnfants. Neonatal Netw, 23(3), 39–48.
  • Heimann, K., Vaessen, P., Peschgens, T., Stanzel, S., Wenzl, T.G. Ve Orlikowsky, T. (2010). Impact Of Skin To Skin Care, Prone And Supine Positioning On Cardiorespiratory Parameters And Thermoregulation in Premature Infants. Neonatology, 97(4), 311–317.
  • Bohnhorst, B., Gill, D., Dordelmann, M., Peter, C.S. Ve Poets, C.F. (2004). Bradycardia And Desaturation During Skin-To-Skin Care: No Relationship To Hyperthermia. Pediatrics, 145(4), 499–502.
  • Fischer, C. B., Sontheimer, D., Scheffer, F., Bauer, J., & Linderkamp, O. (1998). Cardiorespiratory stability of premature boys and girls during kangaroo care. Early Human Development, 52(2), 145-153.
  • Mori, R., Khanna, R., Pledge, D., Nakayama, T. (2010). Meta‐analysis of physiological effects of skin‐to‐skin contact for newborns and mothers. Pediatrics International, 52(2), 161-170.
  • Küçükoğlu, S. (2019). Comfort in Premature Babies. Pediatric Practice and Research, 7(4), 85-89.
  • Edraki, M., Pourpulad, H., Kargar, M., Pishva, N., Zare, N., Montaseri, H. (2013). Olfactory Stimulation By Vanillin Prevents Apnea İn Prematüre Newborn İnfants. Iran J Pediatr, 23(3), 261-268.
  • Marlier, L., Gaugler, C. ve Messer, J. (2005). Olfactory stimulation prevents apnea in premature newborns. Pediatrics, 115(1), 83–88.
  • Kanbur, B. N., & Balci, S. (2019). Impact of the odors of vanilla extract and breast milk on the frequency of apnea in preterm neonates. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 17:e12271.
  • Aghagoli, S., Salimi, A., Salimi, M., Ghazavi, Z., Marofi, M., Mohammadbeigi, A. (2016). Aromatherapy with Rosa damascenes in apnea, bradycardia and Spo2 of preterm infants; A randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Pediatrics, 4(6), 1911-1918.
  • Gardner, S.L., Hires, M.E., Dickey, L.A. (2011). Common Systemic Diseases Of The Neonate. In S.L. Gardner, B.S. Carter, M.E. Hines, J.A. Hernandez (Eds.), Neonatal Intensive Care. (7th Ed). Missouri: Mosby Elsevier, 581-677.
  • Davis, N. L., Condon, F., & Rhein, L. M. (2013). Epidemiology and predictors of failure of the infant car seat challenge. Pediatrics, 131(5), 951-957.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Hemşirelik
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Merve Azak 0000-0003-4299-3322

Suzan Yıldız 0000-0002-2528-2185

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Azak, M., & Yıldız, S. (2020). PREMATÜRE APNESİ VE HEMŞİRELİK YÖNETİMİ. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 151-156. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.748907
AMA Azak M, Yıldız S. PREMATÜRE APNESİ VE HEMŞİRELİK YÖNETİMİ. CBU-SBED. Aralık 2020;8(1):151-156. doi:10.34087/cbusbed.748907
Chicago Azak, Merve, ve Suzan Yıldız. “PREMATÜRE APNESİ VE HEMŞİRELİK YÖNETİMİ”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8, sy. 1 (Aralık 2020): 151-56. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.748907.
EndNote Azak M, Yıldız S (01 Aralık 2020) PREMATÜRE APNESİ VE HEMŞİRELİK YÖNETİMİ. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8 1 151–156.
IEEE M. Azak ve S. Yıldız, “PREMATÜRE APNESİ VE HEMŞİRELİK YÖNETİMİ”, CBU-SBED, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 151–156, 2020, doi: 10.34087/cbusbed.748907.
ISNAD Azak, Merve - Yıldız, Suzan. “PREMATÜRE APNESİ VE HEMŞİRELİK YÖNETİMİ”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8/1 (Aralık 2020), 151-156. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.748907.
JAMA Azak M, Yıldız S. PREMATÜRE APNESİ VE HEMŞİRELİK YÖNETİMİ. CBU-SBED. 2020;8:151–156.
MLA Azak, Merve ve Suzan Yıldız. “PREMATÜRE APNESİ VE HEMŞİRELİK YÖNETİMİ”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 151-6, doi:10.34087/cbusbed.748907.
Vancouver Azak M, Yıldız S. PREMATÜRE APNESİ VE HEMŞİRELİK YÖNETİMİ. CBU-SBED. 2020;8(1):151-6.
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