Araştırma Makalesi
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An Investigation of Effects of Chronic Stress on Adrenal Gland by Using Morphometric and Histochemical Methods on Rats Model

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 91 - 99, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.773244

Öz

Objective: It’s known that neuroendocrine system are leading structures that respond to stress factors that cause various damages to the body. We aimed to investigate the morphological and histological changes that may occur in the rats’ adrenal glands with the model of chronic stress.
Materials and Methods: 24 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, 6 male or female rats each. In 14 days, no treatment was applied to the female and male control groups, while stress groups were subjected to chronic stress procedure. Weights of rats were weighed 3 times. After fixation, the adrenal glands undergoing routine histological procedures were embedded in paraffin. The sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, PAS and Masson Trichrome methods and examined histopathologically. Morphometric evaluation of sections with micrometric ocular, statistical analysis of all measurement results were performed.
Results: While the weight of the female stress group decreased significantly compared to the control, the increase in weight in the male stress group was’nt significant compared to the control group. In addition, there was a significant increase in cortex thickness in both the female and male stress groups compared to their own controls. Nuclear and cytoplasmic degenerations, adrenocortical hyperplasia, macrophages, sinusoidal dilatation and connective tissue increase were observed in the stress groups’ adrenal glands.
Conclusion: Chronic stress can cause weight loss in females, thickening in the cortex of males and females, and cellular degenerations

Kaynakça

  • Kocatürk, P.A, Strese cevap, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 2000, 53, 01.
  • Kaba, İ, Stres, ruh sağlığı ve stres yönetimi: Güncel bir gözden geçirme, Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2019, 73, 63-81.
  • Aksoy, A, Çalışma hayatında stres kaynakları, stres belirtileri ve stres sonuçlarının incelenmesi üzerine bir araştırma, Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 2005, 49.
  • Irwin, M, Daniels, M, Smith, T.L, Bloom, E, Weiner, H, Impaired natural killer cell activity during bereavement, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 1987, 1(1), 98-104.
  • Bahçıvan, C, Söğüt, İ, Hürdağ, C, Çikler-Dülger, E, Kronik sudan kaçınma stresi ile testis dokusunda oluşturulan hasarı üzerine fulvik asidin tedavi edici etkisinin araştırılması, Bozok Tıp Dergisi, 2018, 8(4), 60-68.
  • Balcıoğlu, İ, Savrun, M, Stres ve hormonlar, Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatry, 2001, 2(1), 43-50.
  • Santos, J, Benjamin, M, Yang ,P-C, Prior, T, Perdue, M.H, Chronic stress impairs rat growth and jejunal epithelial barrier function: role of mast cells, American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2000, 278(6), G847-G854.
  • Eşel, E, Depresyondaki nöroendokrinolojik bulgular, Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2002, 5(Supp: 4), 35-50.
  • Ulrich-Lai, Y.M, Figueiredo, H.F, Ostrander, M.M, Choi, D.C, Engeland, W.C, Herman, J.P, Chronic stress induces adrenal hyperplasia and hypertrophy in a subregion-specific manner, American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and metabolism, 2006, 291(5), E965-E973.
  • Smith, S.M, Vale, W.W, The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in neuroendocrine responses to stress, Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 2006, 8(4), 383.
  • Jacobson, L, Sapolsky, R, The role of the hippocampus in feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, Endocrine Reviews, 1991, 12(2), 118-134.
  • Willenberg, H, Bornstein, S, Dumser, T, Ehrhart-Bornstein, M, Barocka, A, Chrousos, G, Scherbaum, W, Morphological changes in adrenals from victims of suicide in relation to altered apoptosis, Endocrine Research, 1998, 24(3-4), 963-967.
  • Dalla, C, Antoniou, K, Drossopoulou, G, Xagoraris, M, Kokras, N, Sfikakis, A, Papadopoulou-Daifoti, Z, Chronic mild stress impact: are females more vulnerable? Neuroscience, 2005, 135(3), 703-714.
  • Endo, Y, Shiraki, K, Behavior and body temperature in rats following chronic foot shock or psychological stress exposure, Physiology & Behavior, 2000, 71(3-4), 263-268.
  • Konkle, A.T, Baker, S.L, Kentner, A.C, Barbagallo, L.S-M, Merali, Z, Bielajew, C, Evaluation of the effects of chronic mild stressors on hedonic and physiological responses: sex and strain compared, Brain Research, 2003, 992(2), 227-238.
  • Altunkaynak, B.Z, Özbek, E, Overweight and structural alterations of the liver in female rats fed a high-fat diet: a stereological and histological study, Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 2009, 20(2), 93-103.
  • Savrun, M, Balcıoğlu, İ, Tan, O, Nöropsikoendokrinoloji, Yeni Symposium, 1997, 35(2-3), 78-86.
  • Yıldırım, N.C, Yürekli, M, Yıldırım, N, Soğuk stresi, adrenomedullin ve metile adrenomedullin uygulamalarının bazı sıçan dokularında toplam RNA miktarları üzerine etkileri, Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty, 2009, 13.
  • Yasemin, Ö, Karabulut, A.B, Günlük yaşam ve stres yönetimi, Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2018, 1(1), 48-56.
  • Dumser, T, Barocka, A, Schubert, E, Weight of adrenal glands may be increased in persons who commit suicide, The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 1998, 19(1), 72-76.
  • De Vriendt, T, Moreno, L.A, De Henauw, S, Chronic stress and obesity in adolescents: scientific evidence and methodological issues for epidemiological research, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2009, 19(7), 511-519.
  • Bekris, S, Antoniou, K, Daskas, S, Papadopoulou-Daifoti, Z, Behavioural and neurochemical effects induced by chronic mild stress applied to two different rat strains, Behavioural Brain Research, 2005, 161(1), 45-59.
  • Lucca, G, Comim, C.M, Valvassori, S.S, Pereira, J.G, Stertz, L, Gavioli, E.C, Kapczinski, F, Quevedo, J, Chronic mild stress paradigm reduces sweet food intake in rats without affecting brain derived neurotrophic factor protein levels, Current Neurovascular Research, 2008, 5(4), 207-213.
  • Rygula, R, Abumaria, N, Flügge, G, Fuchs, E, Rüther, E, Havemann-Reinecke, U, Anhedonia and motivational deficits in rats: impact of chronic social stress, Behavioural Brain Research, 2005, 162(1), 127-134.
  • Sterlemann, V, Ganea, K, Liebl ,C, Harbich, D, Alam, S, Holsboer, F, Müller, M.B, Schmidt, M.V, Long-term behavioral and neuroendocrine alterations following chronic social stress in mice: implications for stress-related disorders, Hormones and Behavior, 2008, 53(2), 386-394.
  • Zelena, D, Mergl, Z, Foldes, A, Kovacs, K, Toth, Z, Makara, G, Role of hypothalamic inputs in maintaining pituitary-adrenal responsiveness in repeated restraint, American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2003, 285(5), E1110-E1117.
  • Miśkowiak, B, Kasprzak, A, Malendowicz, L, Comparative stereological studies on the effects of long term CRF and ACTH treatment on the cortex of the suprarenal gland, Journal of Anatomy, 1986, 146, 167.
  • Özbek, E, Akçay, G, Kobay adrenal korteksinin erken ve geç gebelik dönemlerinde kıyaslı yapısı: morfometrik ve ışık mikroskopik çalışma, Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 2000, 2, 34-41.
  • Pignatelli, D, Ferreira, J, Vendeira, P, Magalhaes, M, Vinson, G, Proliferation of capsular stem cells induced by ACTH in the rat adrenal cortex, Endocrine Research, 2002, 28(4), 683-691.
  • Belloni, A, Mazzocchi, G, Meneghelli, V, Nussdorfer, G, Cytogenesis in the rat adrenal cortex: evidence for an ACTH-induced centripetal cell migration from the zona glomerulosa, Archives D'anatomie, D'histologie et D'embryologie Normales et Experimentales, 1978, 61, 195-205.
  • Stachowiak, A, Nussdorfer, G, Malendowicz, L, Proliferation and distribution of adrenocortical cells in the gland of ACTH-or dexamethasone-treated rats, Histology and Histopathology, 1990, 5(1), 25-9.
  • McNicol, A, Duffy, A, A study of cell migration in the adrenal cortex of the rat using bromodeoxyuridine, Cell Proliferation, 1987, 20(5), 519-526.
  • Gosney, J, Adrenal corticomedullary hyperplasia in hypobaric hypoxia, The Journal of Pathology, 1985, 146(1), 59-64.
  • Wolman, M, Cervos-Navarro, J, Sampaolo, S, Cardesa, A, Pathological changes in organs of rats chronically exposed to hypoxia. Development of pulmonary lipidosis, Histology and Histopathology, 1993, 8(2), 247-55.
  • Mercan, U, Toksikolojide serbest radikallerin önemi, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2004, 15(1), 91-96.
  • Özbek, E, Özbek, A, Microscopic pathology of the liver in rats fed a Fusarium graminearum-inoculated diet, Journal of International Medical Research, 2003, 31(5), 392-401.
  • Öztürk, F, Apopitoz, İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 2002, 9(2), 143-148.
  • Özbek, E, Kobay adrenal korteksinde gestasyonel değişiklikler: morfometrik ve histolojik bir çalışma, Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Case Reports, 1999, 17(3), 133-139.
  • Stroikin, Y, Mild, H, Johansson, U, Roberg, K, Öllinger, K, Lysosome-targeted stress reveals increased stability of lipofuscin-containing lysosomes, Age, 2008, 30(1), 31-42.
  • Grune, T, Merker, K, Jung, T, Sitte, N, Davies, K.J, Protein oxidation and degradation during postmitotic senescence, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2005, 39(9), 1208-1215.
  • Yaylacı, M, Öztürk, A, Türken, O, Üskent, N, Granülosit-Makrofaj Koloni Stimülan Faktör (GM-CSF)= Diğer Sitokinlerle Etkileşimi Ve Klinik Kullanım Alanları, Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 1994, 14(5), 373-377.
  • Koldysheva, E, Lushnikova, E, Ultrastructural reorganization of rat adrenal cortex after whole body hyperthermia, Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2008, 145(5), 650-655.
  • Koldysheva, E, Lushnikova, E, Nepomnyashchikh, L, Tornuev, Y.V, Morphogenesis of adaptation and compensatory reactions in mouse adrenals during restitution after thermal exposure, Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2005, 140(4), 464-467.
  • Koko, V, Djordjeviæ, J, Cvijiæ, G, Davidoviæ, V, Effect of acute heat stress on rat adrenal glands: a morphological and stereological study, Journal of Experimental Biology, 2004, 207(24), 4225-4230.
  • Pellegrini, A, Soldani, P, Gesi, M, Lenzi, P, Natale, G, Paparelli, A, Effect of varying noise stress duration on rat adrenal gland: an ultrastructural study, Tissue and Cell, 1997, 29(5), 597-602.
  • Katz, R.J, Roth, K.A, Carroll, B.J, Acute and chronic stress effects on open field activity in the rat: implications for a model of depression, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 1981, 5, 247-251.
  • Herzog, C, Czéh, B, Corbach, S, Wuttke, W, Schulte-Herbrüggen, O, Hellweg, R, Flügge, G, Fuchs, E, Chronic social instability stress in female rats: a potential animal model for female depression, Neuroscience, 2009, 159(3), 982-992.
  • Westenbroek, C, Den Boer, J.A, Veenhuis, M, Ter Horst, G.J, Chronic stress and social housing differentially affect neurogenesis in male and female rats, Brain Research Bulletin, 2004, 64(4), 303-308.
  • Björntorp, P, Do stress reactions cause abdominal obesity and comorbidities? Obesity Reviews, 2001, 2(2), 73-86.
  • Torres, S.J, Nowson, C.A, Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity, Nutrition, 2007, 23(11-12), 887-894.

Kronik Stresin Adrenal Bez Üzerine Etkilerinin Morfometrik ve Histokimyasal Yöntemlerle Sıçan Modeli Üzerinde Araştırılması

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 91 - 99, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.773244

Öz

Giriş ve Amaç: Vücuda çeşitli hasarlar veren stres faktörlerine karşı organizmada yanıt oluşturan yapıların başında nöroendokrin sistemin geldiği bilinmektedir. Biz de sıçanlarda kronik stres modeliyle adrenal bezlerde oluşabilecek morfolojik ve histolojik değişiklikleri araştırmayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 24 Sprague Dawley sıçan, her birinde 6'şar erkek veya dişi sıçan olan 4 gruba ayrıldı. 14 gün, dişi ve erkek kontrol gruplarına hiçbir uygulama yapılmazken, stres gruplarına kronik stres prosedürü uygulandı. Sıçanların ağırlıkları 3 kez tartıldı. Fiksasyondan sonra rutin histolojik işlemlerden geçirilen adrenal bezler parafine gömüldü. Alınan kesitler Hematoksilen-Eozin, PAS ve Masson Trikrom yöntemleriyle boyanarak histopatolojik açıdan incelendi. Mikrometrik okülerle kesitlerin morfometrik değerlendirmesi yapılarak tüm ölçüm sonuçlarının istatistiksel analizleri gerçekleştirildi.
Bulgular: Dişi stres grubunun ağırlığı kontrole kıyasla anlamlı derecede azalırken, erkek stres grubundaki ağırlık artışı kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı bulunmadı. Ayrıca hem dişi hem de erkek stres gruplarının korteks kalınlığında, kendi kontrollerine kıyasla anlamlı bir artış mevcuttu. Stres gruplarının adrenal bezlerinde nükleer ve sitoplazmik dejenerasyonlar, adrenokortikal hiperplazi, makrofajlar, sinüzoidlerde dilatasyon ve bağ dokusunda artış gözlendi.
Sonuç: Kronik stres dişilerde kilo kaybına, erkek ve dişilerde kortekste kalınlaşmaya ve hücresel dejenerasyonlara sebep olabilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Kocatürk, P.A, Strese cevap, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 2000, 53, 01.
  • Kaba, İ, Stres, ruh sağlığı ve stres yönetimi: Güncel bir gözden geçirme, Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2019, 73, 63-81.
  • Aksoy, A, Çalışma hayatında stres kaynakları, stres belirtileri ve stres sonuçlarının incelenmesi üzerine bir araştırma, Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 2005, 49.
  • Irwin, M, Daniels, M, Smith, T.L, Bloom, E, Weiner, H, Impaired natural killer cell activity during bereavement, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 1987, 1(1), 98-104.
  • Bahçıvan, C, Söğüt, İ, Hürdağ, C, Çikler-Dülger, E, Kronik sudan kaçınma stresi ile testis dokusunda oluşturulan hasarı üzerine fulvik asidin tedavi edici etkisinin araştırılması, Bozok Tıp Dergisi, 2018, 8(4), 60-68.
  • Balcıoğlu, İ, Savrun, M, Stres ve hormonlar, Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatry, 2001, 2(1), 43-50.
  • Santos, J, Benjamin, M, Yang ,P-C, Prior, T, Perdue, M.H, Chronic stress impairs rat growth and jejunal epithelial barrier function: role of mast cells, American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2000, 278(6), G847-G854.
  • Eşel, E, Depresyondaki nöroendokrinolojik bulgular, Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2002, 5(Supp: 4), 35-50.
  • Ulrich-Lai, Y.M, Figueiredo, H.F, Ostrander, M.M, Choi, D.C, Engeland, W.C, Herman, J.P, Chronic stress induces adrenal hyperplasia and hypertrophy in a subregion-specific manner, American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and metabolism, 2006, 291(5), E965-E973.
  • Smith, S.M, Vale, W.W, The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in neuroendocrine responses to stress, Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 2006, 8(4), 383.
  • Jacobson, L, Sapolsky, R, The role of the hippocampus in feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, Endocrine Reviews, 1991, 12(2), 118-134.
  • Willenberg, H, Bornstein, S, Dumser, T, Ehrhart-Bornstein, M, Barocka, A, Chrousos, G, Scherbaum, W, Morphological changes in adrenals from victims of suicide in relation to altered apoptosis, Endocrine Research, 1998, 24(3-4), 963-967.
  • Dalla, C, Antoniou, K, Drossopoulou, G, Xagoraris, M, Kokras, N, Sfikakis, A, Papadopoulou-Daifoti, Z, Chronic mild stress impact: are females more vulnerable? Neuroscience, 2005, 135(3), 703-714.
  • Endo, Y, Shiraki, K, Behavior and body temperature in rats following chronic foot shock or psychological stress exposure, Physiology & Behavior, 2000, 71(3-4), 263-268.
  • Konkle, A.T, Baker, S.L, Kentner, A.C, Barbagallo, L.S-M, Merali, Z, Bielajew, C, Evaluation of the effects of chronic mild stressors on hedonic and physiological responses: sex and strain compared, Brain Research, 2003, 992(2), 227-238.
  • Altunkaynak, B.Z, Özbek, E, Overweight and structural alterations of the liver in female rats fed a high-fat diet: a stereological and histological study, Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 2009, 20(2), 93-103.
  • Savrun, M, Balcıoğlu, İ, Tan, O, Nöropsikoendokrinoloji, Yeni Symposium, 1997, 35(2-3), 78-86.
  • Yıldırım, N.C, Yürekli, M, Yıldırım, N, Soğuk stresi, adrenomedullin ve metile adrenomedullin uygulamalarının bazı sıçan dokularında toplam RNA miktarları üzerine etkileri, Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty, 2009, 13.
  • Yasemin, Ö, Karabulut, A.B, Günlük yaşam ve stres yönetimi, Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2018, 1(1), 48-56.
  • Dumser, T, Barocka, A, Schubert, E, Weight of adrenal glands may be increased in persons who commit suicide, The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 1998, 19(1), 72-76.
  • De Vriendt, T, Moreno, L.A, De Henauw, S, Chronic stress and obesity in adolescents: scientific evidence and methodological issues for epidemiological research, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2009, 19(7), 511-519.
  • Bekris, S, Antoniou, K, Daskas, S, Papadopoulou-Daifoti, Z, Behavioural and neurochemical effects induced by chronic mild stress applied to two different rat strains, Behavioural Brain Research, 2005, 161(1), 45-59.
  • Lucca, G, Comim, C.M, Valvassori, S.S, Pereira, J.G, Stertz, L, Gavioli, E.C, Kapczinski, F, Quevedo, J, Chronic mild stress paradigm reduces sweet food intake in rats without affecting brain derived neurotrophic factor protein levels, Current Neurovascular Research, 2008, 5(4), 207-213.
  • Rygula, R, Abumaria, N, Flügge, G, Fuchs, E, Rüther, E, Havemann-Reinecke, U, Anhedonia and motivational deficits in rats: impact of chronic social stress, Behavioural Brain Research, 2005, 162(1), 127-134.
  • Sterlemann, V, Ganea, K, Liebl ,C, Harbich, D, Alam, S, Holsboer, F, Müller, M.B, Schmidt, M.V, Long-term behavioral and neuroendocrine alterations following chronic social stress in mice: implications for stress-related disorders, Hormones and Behavior, 2008, 53(2), 386-394.
  • Zelena, D, Mergl, Z, Foldes, A, Kovacs, K, Toth, Z, Makara, G, Role of hypothalamic inputs in maintaining pituitary-adrenal responsiveness in repeated restraint, American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2003, 285(5), E1110-E1117.
  • Miśkowiak, B, Kasprzak, A, Malendowicz, L, Comparative stereological studies on the effects of long term CRF and ACTH treatment on the cortex of the suprarenal gland, Journal of Anatomy, 1986, 146, 167.
  • Özbek, E, Akçay, G, Kobay adrenal korteksinin erken ve geç gebelik dönemlerinde kıyaslı yapısı: morfometrik ve ışık mikroskopik çalışma, Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 2000, 2, 34-41.
  • Pignatelli, D, Ferreira, J, Vendeira, P, Magalhaes, M, Vinson, G, Proliferation of capsular stem cells induced by ACTH in the rat adrenal cortex, Endocrine Research, 2002, 28(4), 683-691.
  • Belloni, A, Mazzocchi, G, Meneghelli, V, Nussdorfer, G, Cytogenesis in the rat adrenal cortex: evidence for an ACTH-induced centripetal cell migration from the zona glomerulosa, Archives D'anatomie, D'histologie et D'embryologie Normales et Experimentales, 1978, 61, 195-205.
  • Stachowiak, A, Nussdorfer, G, Malendowicz, L, Proliferation and distribution of adrenocortical cells in the gland of ACTH-or dexamethasone-treated rats, Histology and Histopathology, 1990, 5(1), 25-9.
  • McNicol, A, Duffy, A, A study of cell migration in the adrenal cortex of the rat using bromodeoxyuridine, Cell Proliferation, 1987, 20(5), 519-526.
  • Gosney, J, Adrenal corticomedullary hyperplasia in hypobaric hypoxia, The Journal of Pathology, 1985, 146(1), 59-64.
  • Wolman, M, Cervos-Navarro, J, Sampaolo, S, Cardesa, A, Pathological changes in organs of rats chronically exposed to hypoxia. Development of pulmonary lipidosis, Histology and Histopathology, 1993, 8(2), 247-55.
  • Mercan, U, Toksikolojide serbest radikallerin önemi, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2004, 15(1), 91-96.
  • Özbek, E, Özbek, A, Microscopic pathology of the liver in rats fed a Fusarium graminearum-inoculated diet, Journal of International Medical Research, 2003, 31(5), 392-401.
  • Öztürk, F, Apopitoz, İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 2002, 9(2), 143-148.
  • Özbek, E, Kobay adrenal korteksinde gestasyonel değişiklikler: morfometrik ve histolojik bir çalışma, Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Case Reports, 1999, 17(3), 133-139.
  • Stroikin, Y, Mild, H, Johansson, U, Roberg, K, Öllinger, K, Lysosome-targeted stress reveals increased stability of lipofuscin-containing lysosomes, Age, 2008, 30(1), 31-42.
  • Grune, T, Merker, K, Jung, T, Sitte, N, Davies, K.J, Protein oxidation and degradation during postmitotic senescence, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2005, 39(9), 1208-1215.
  • Yaylacı, M, Öztürk, A, Türken, O, Üskent, N, Granülosit-Makrofaj Koloni Stimülan Faktör (GM-CSF)= Diğer Sitokinlerle Etkileşimi Ve Klinik Kullanım Alanları, Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 1994, 14(5), 373-377.
  • Koldysheva, E, Lushnikova, E, Ultrastructural reorganization of rat adrenal cortex after whole body hyperthermia, Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2008, 145(5), 650-655.
  • Koldysheva, E, Lushnikova, E, Nepomnyashchikh, L, Tornuev, Y.V, Morphogenesis of adaptation and compensatory reactions in mouse adrenals during restitution after thermal exposure, Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2005, 140(4), 464-467.
  • Koko, V, Djordjeviæ, J, Cvijiæ, G, Davidoviæ, V, Effect of acute heat stress on rat adrenal glands: a morphological and stereological study, Journal of Experimental Biology, 2004, 207(24), 4225-4230.
  • Pellegrini, A, Soldani, P, Gesi, M, Lenzi, P, Natale, G, Paparelli, A, Effect of varying noise stress duration on rat adrenal gland: an ultrastructural study, Tissue and Cell, 1997, 29(5), 597-602.
  • Katz, R.J, Roth, K.A, Carroll, B.J, Acute and chronic stress effects on open field activity in the rat: implications for a model of depression, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 1981, 5, 247-251.
  • Herzog, C, Czéh, B, Corbach, S, Wuttke, W, Schulte-Herbrüggen, O, Hellweg, R, Flügge, G, Fuchs, E, Chronic social instability stress in female rats: a potential animal model for female depression, Neuroscience, 2009, 159(3), 982-992.
  • Westenbroek, C, Den Boer, J.A, Veenhuis, M, Ter Horst, G.J, Chronic stress and social housing differentially affect neurogenesis in male and female rats, Brain Research Bulletin, 2004, 64(4), 303-308.
  • Björntorp, P, Do stress reactions cause abdominal obesity and comorbidities? Obesity Reviews, 2001, 2(2), 73-86.
  • Torres, S.J, Nowson, C.A, Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity, Nutrition, 2007, 23(11-12), 887-894.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Semin Gedikli 0000-0001-8238-7226

Elvan Şahin 0000-0001-8585-9903

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gedikli, S., & Şahin, E. (2020). Kronik Stresin Adrenal Bez Üzerine Etkilerinin Morfometrik ve Histokimyasal Yöntemlerle Sıçan Modeli Üzerinde Araştırılması. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.773244
AMA Gedikli S, Şahin E. Kronik Stresin Adrenal Bez Üzerine Etkilerinin Morfometrik ve Histokimyasal Yöntemlerle Sıçan Modeli Üzerinde Araştırılması. CBU-SBED. Aralık 2020;8(1):91-99. doi:10.34087/cbusbed.773244
Chicago Gedikli, Semin, ve Elvan Şahin. “Kronik Stresin Adrenal Bez Üzerine Etkilerinin Morfometrik Ve Histokimyasal Yöntemlerle Sıçan Modeli Üzerinde Araştırılması”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8, sy. 1 (Aralık 2020): 91-99. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.773244.
EndNote Gedikli S, Şahin E (01 Aralık 2020) Kronik Stresin Adrenal Bez Üzerine Etkilerinin Morfometrik ve Histokimyasal Yöntemlerle Sıçan Modeli Üzerinde Araştırılması. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8 1 91–99.
IEEE S. Gedikli ve E. Şahin, “Kronik Stresin Adrenal Bez Üzerine Etkilerinin Morfometrik ve Histokimyasal Yöntemlerle Sıçan Modeli Üzerinde Araştırılması”, CBU-SBED, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 91–99, 2020, doi: 10.34087/cbusbed.773244.
ISNAD Gedikli, Semin - Şahin, Elvan. “Kronik Stresin Adrenal Bez Üzerine Etkilerinin Morfometrik Ve Histokimyasal Yöntemlerle Sıçan Modeli Üzerinde Araştırılması”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8/1 (Aralık 2020), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.773244.
JAMA Gedikli S, Şahin E. Kronik Stresin Adrenal Bez Üzerine Etkilerinin Morfometrik ve Histokimyasal Yöntemlerle Sıçan Modeli Üzerinde Araştırılması. CBU-SBED. 2020;8:91–99.
MLA Gedikli, Semin ve Elvan Şahin. “Kronik Stresin Adrenal Bez Üzerine Etkilerinin Morfometrik Ve Histokimyasal Yöntemlerle Sıçan Modeli Üzerinde Araştırılması”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 91-99, doi:10.34087/cbusbed.773244.
Vancouver Gedikli S, Şahin E. Kronik Stresin Adrenal Bez Üzerine Etkilerinin Morfometrik ve Histokimyasal Yöntemlerle Sıçan Modeli Üzerinde Araştırılması. CBU-SBED. 2020;8(1):91-9.