Roman Eastern Policy from the Third Macedonian War to the Campaign of Pompey and Piracy on the Southern Coast of Asia Minor 167-67 B.C.

Öz

The spread of piratical activities along the southern coasts of Asia Minor during the Ist and IInd centuries B.C., was directly related to the eastern policy of Rome. Roman policies, intended to weaken the Seleucids, and particularly Rhodes, which was actively fighting against piracy, created a great vacuum of authority along the southern coasts of Asia Minor. The expansion of piracy in accordance with the political situation within the region was not initially regarded as a threat by Rome. In fact Rome, in need of numerous slaves in the middle of the IInd century B.C. indirectly supported piracy through purchasing the slaves procured by the pirates. However, the establishment of the province of Asia upon the territory of the former Attalid kingdom, which was bequeathed to Rome by Attalos III, who died in 133 B.C., increased for Rome the political and economic importance of Anatolia. In parallel with this increasing importance of Anatolia, some military and political measures were taken by Rome against piracy. Consequently, after the military campaign of M. Antonius against pirates in 102 B.C., the province of Cilicia was founded through the separation of the southern part of the Asia according to the Lex de Provinciis Praetoriis passed in 100 B.C. Although the governors of Cilicia, following M. Antonius, over the next 35 years fought against piracy in the region it could not be permanently stopped. However, with the expedition of Pompey against the pirates, who was granted extraordinary powers, in 67 B.C., piracy on the southern costs of Asia Minor eventually ceased to be a primary problem for Rome.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hellenistic Kingdoms • Hellenistic Rhodes • Roman Foreign Policy • Province of Cilicia • Lex de Provinciis Praetoriis

Üçüncü Makedonya Savaşı’ndan Pompeius’un Seferine Roma’nın Doğu Politikası ve Anadolu’nun Güney Kıyılarında Korsanlık M.Ö. 167-M.Ö. 67

Öz

M.Ö. II. ve I. yüzyıllarda Anadolu’nun güney kıyılarında görülen korsanlık faaliyetleri Roma’nın Doğu politikası ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Seleukos’ların ve bilhassa korsanlıkla aktif bir şekilde mücadele eden Rhodos’un zayıflatılmasına yönelik Roma politikaları, Anadolu’nun güney kıyılarında bir otorite boşluğu yaratmıştır. Böylesine uygun bir siyasal ortamda böl­gede gelişen korsanlık, başlangıçta Roma tarafından bir tehdit olarak görülmemişti. Hatta M.Ö. II. yüzyıl ortalarında acil köle ihtiyacı içinde bulunan Roma, korsanların sağlamış olduğu köleleri satın alarak korsanlığı dolaylı yoldan desteklemekteydi. Ancak M.Ö. 133 yılında ölen III. Attalos’un Roma’ya vasiyetle bıraktığı Pergamon Krallığı topraklarında Asia Eya­leti’nin kurulması, Anadolu’nun Roma için siyasal ve ekonomik anlamda önemini arttırdı. Anadolu’nun artan önemine paralel olarak Roma tarafından bölgedeki çıkarlarını olumsuz etkileyen korsanlığa karşı askeri ve politik önlemler alınmıştır. Bu doğrultuda M.Ö. 102 yılında M. Antonius’un korsanlara düzenlediği askeri seferi takiben, M.Ö. 100 yılında çıkarılan Lex de Pro­vinciis Praetoriis ile Asia’nın güney kesimi eyaletten ayrılarak burada Cilicia Eyaleti kuruldu. M. Antonius’u takip eden Cilicia valileri, eyaletin kuruluş amacı gereği sonraki 35 yıl boyunca korsanlıkla mücadele etseler de bölgedeki korsanlık kalıcı olarak önlenemedi. Ancak M.Ö. 67 yılında olağanüstü yetkiler verilen Pompeius’un korsanlara karşı düzenlediği sefer sonucunda Ana­dolu’nun güney kıyılarındaki korsanlık Roma için öncelikli bir sorun olmaktan çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hellenistik Krallıklar • Hellenistik Rhodos • Roma Dış Politikası • Cilicia Eyaleti • Lex de Provinciis Praetoriis

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