FROM MID-OCTOBER TO THE END OF MARCH – VOYAGING IN THE MEDIEVAL MEDITERRANEAN

Öz

This article contrasts the common and over the past five decades frequently recorded perception by both scholars and others of the absence of winter voyaging in the Medieval Mediterranean – largely based upon the surviving legal texts recording the prohibition of winter sailing issued by Pisa, Venice, Genoa, Ancona etc. – with the record of the actual practice of winter sailing in the Medieval Mediterra­nean. This, after providing evidence extending from 1936 to 2010 from the published record of the absence of winter sailing, through providing a brief chronology of recorded winter voyaging in the Mediterranean from the VII. to the end of the 14th c.. The gap between the legal prohibition and the recorded practice is so great that one can regard the legal prohibition placed upon winter sailing as a Medieval legal fiction, rather than there being in practice a closed Mediterranean during the months from mid-October to mid-March during the course of these seven centuries, with the probable exception of fishing boats and fishing fleets.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Medieval Mediterranean • Winter Voyaging • Closed Mediterranean • Legal Fictions

EKİM’İN ORTASINDAN MART’IN SONUNA KADAR – ORTAÇAĞ AKDENİZİ’NDEKİ SEYRÜSEFERLER

Öz

Bu makale Ortaçağ Akdenizi’nde mevcut bir kış seyrüseferi uygulaması kaydına dayanarak, son elli yıldır bilim adamları ve diğer araştırmacılar tarafından sıklıkla bahsi edilen, Ortaçağ Akdenizi’nde kış seyrü­seferinin olmayışı yönündeki genel kanıya antitez oluşturmaktadır. Bu kanı büyük oranda Pisa, Venedik, Ceneviz ve Ankona gibi kentlerin düzenlediği, kış seyrüseferi yasağını aktaran, günümüze kadar ulaşmış yasa metinlerine dayanmaktadır. İlk olarak, 1936’dan 2010’a kadar uzanan, kış seyrüseferinin olmayışı yö­nün­deki yayınlanmış kayıtlar belgelenecek ardından ise 7. yüzyıldan 14. yüzyılın sonuna Akdeniz’de kışın gerçekleştirilen deniz yolculuklarının kısa bir tarihçesi verilecektir. Bu kanuni yasaklama ile mevcut uygula­ma kaydı arasındaki uçurum öylesine büyüktür ki; bu söz konusu yedi yüzyıllık süreç zarfında, Ekim ortasın­dan Mart ortasına kadarki aylar boyunca balıkçı tek­neleri gibi olası istisnalar haricinde, uy­gulamada Ak­deniz’in kapalı olduğu düşüncesinden zi­yade; söz konusu yasağın kış seyrüseferi üzerine bir Or­taçağ yasal kurgusu olarak yerleştirilmiş olması düşünü­lebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ortaçağ Akdenizi • Kış Seyrü Seferi • Kapalı Akdeniz • Yasa Kurmaları

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