Heidelberg Epitome from the Sources of Diadochi: Text and Translation

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7, 389 - 414, 30.06.2019

Sevgi Sarıkaya

Öz

The article focused on the Heidelberg epit­ome,
which was written in the Middle Ages and was an anony­mous summary of events
after the death of Alex­ander. In the study, firstly, was given general infor­mation
about the primary sources of events after Alex­ander. The an­cient historians
usually preferred to study this period un­der the name of the history of
Diadochi (Successors). How­ever, contemporary historiographers such as Hie­ronymus
and Nymphis, have studied this pe­riod under two headings as Diadochi and
Epigoni. In this article, the sources of Diadochi are examined under three
headings as universal history, thematic history and epitome. The works of thematic history and epitome do not survive to the present day in its complete form, but
various refer­ences to it have survived. Most of it co­mes from the Roman
period and is necessarily deriva­tive. It is particu­larly difficult to
re-create the original sources. The exact date of Heidelberg epitome and the name of the epitoma­tor
are unknown. Heidelberg epit­ome,
which was written in a late period, is not a primary and original source com­pared
to the works dealt with the history of the Diadochi. However, this epitome is one of the well-preserved
works after Arrian’s Events after
Alexander. It is understood from the remaining fragments of epitome that it began with the death of
the Alexander and ended with the events in 305/304 BC which Antigonus, Ptolemy,
Lysi­machus had proclaim­ed themselves kings. There are some historical errors
in Heidelberg that result from the use of different resour­ces or the scholar
who summarizes the text. However, Heidelberg came out to be the same as that of
nearly all the sources for the Diadochi, and it is simple and obvi­ous. The
ultimate source of historical material is uncer­tain. Besides it certainly used
Hierony­mus as his pri­mary source.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Heidelberg Epitome, The History of Diadochi, Epigoni, Hieronymus of Cardia

Diadokhoi Kaynaklarından Heidelberg Epitome’si: Metin ve Çevirisi

Öz

Bu makalede Ortaçağ’da
kaleme alınmış ve İsken­der’den sonraki olayları konu edinen anonim bir eser
olan Heidelberg epitome üzerinde
durulmaktadır. Ça­lışmada konunun ana özüne geçmeden önce, İskender son­rası
olaylar üzerine yazılmış başlıca antik kaynaklar hakkında genel bir bilgi
verilmektedir. Tarihyazıcıları bu dönemi genellikle Diadokhoi tarihi adı
altında ince­lemeyi tercih etmektedirler. Bununla birlikte Hierony­mos ve
Nymphis gibi çağdaş tarih yazarlar ise Diado­khoi ve Epigonoi olmak üzere iki
başlık altında ele al­mak­tadırlar. Bu makalede konuyla ilgili antik kaynak­lar;
evrensel tarih, tematik ve epitome
şeklinde üç başlık altında değerlendirilmektedir. Doğrudan Diadokhoi ta­rihine
odaklanan tematik ve epitome
eserlerin ortak yönleri günümüze kadar ulaşmamasıdır. Geç bir dö­neme ait olan
Heidelberg epitome, Diadokhoi
tarihiyle ilgili yapıtlarla kıyaslandığında temel ve özgün bir kay­nak
değildir. Buna karşın Arrianos’un “İskender’den
Son­raki Olaylar” çalışmasından sonra büyük bir bö­lümü iyi korunmuş olması
bakımından önem arz et­mektedir. Yitik olan Heidelberg’in MÖ 323 yılında İs­kender’in
ölümüyle başlayan olay örgüsünü, nerede sonlandırdığı tam olarak
bilinmemektedir. Bu eserden kalan fragmanlar, MÖ 305/304 yılındaki olaylarla
son bulmaktadır. Heidelberg yazarının ya farklı kaynak kullanmasının ya da
metni özetleyen kişinin neden ol­duğu bazı hatalar dışında aktardığı veriler,
öncülü diğer yapıtlarla paralellik ve uyumluluk sergilemektedir. An­cak metnin
yazarının yararlandığı eserleri tespit etmek pek de mümkün değildir.
Belirlenebilmesinin önünde­ki en büyük engel yazarın ve özetleyenin kim
olduğuna ilişkin bilgi eksikliğidir. Bununla birlikte temel başvuru kaynağının,
Diadokhoi tarihçileri arasında en etkili ve yetkin biri olan Hieronymos’un
eseri olduğu neredeyse kesindir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Heidelberg Epitome, Diadokhoi Tarihi, Epigonoi, Kardialı Hieronymos

Kaynakça

• App. (= Appianus, Rhomaika)
• Mithr. (= Mithridateios) Syr. (= Syriake) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Appian’s Roman History. With an English translation by H. White I-IV. Cambridge, Mass.-Lon-don 1912-1913 (The Loeb Classical Library).
• Arr. anab. (= Arrianos, Anabasis) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviriler: Arrian. With an English transla-tion by P. A. Brunt I-II. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1976-1983 (The Loeb Classical Libra¬ry).
• Anabasis Alexandri, I-IV, vol. I. With an English transla¬tion by E. I. Rob¬son Cambridge, Mass.-London 1929-1967 (The Loeb Classical Library).
• Arr. succ. (= Arrianos, Historia successorum Alexandri) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviriler: Arrianus’un “İskender’den Sonraki Olay¬lar” Adlı Eseri: Τὰ μετὰ Ἀλέξανδρον/ Historia Successorum Alexandri. S. Sarıkaya, Cedrus 1 (2013), 329-345.
• Ath. Deip. (= Athenaios, Deipnosophisticarum Epitome) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: The Deipnosophists. With an English transla¬tion by C. B. Gulick, vol. I-VII. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1927-19996. (The Loeb Classical Library).
• Athenaei Deipnosophisticarum Epitome. Rec. S. P. Peppinki I-II. Leiden 1937-1939.
• Cic. Brut. (= Cicero, Brutus) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Cicero. Brutus. Orator. Translated by G. L. Hendrickson – H. M. Hubbell. Loeb Classical Library 342. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1939.
• Corn. Nep. Eum. (= Cornelius Nepos, Eumenes) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: On the Great Generals of Foreign Nations. With an English Translation by J. C. Rolfe. Cam-bridge, Mass. 1966 (The Loeb Classical Library).
• Curt. (= Quintus Curtius Rufus, Historiarum Alexandri Magni Ma¬ce-donis) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Quintus Curtius Rufus. With an English translation by J. C. Rolfe. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1946 (The Loeb Classical Library).
• Quintus Curtius Rufus, The History of Alexander. Translated by J. Yard¬ley. With an introduction and notes by W. Heckel. London, New York 1984.
• Diod. (= Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Bibliotheca historica. F. Vogel – K. T. Fischer (post I. Bekker – L. Dindorf), Diodori bibliotheca historica, Leipzig 1888–1906.
• Diodorus of Sicily. Trans. C. H. Oldfather, vols. I-VI; C. H. Sherman, vol. VII; C. B. Welles, vols. VIII; R. M. Geer, vols. IX-X; F. R. Walton, vols. XI-XII. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1933-20047.
• Diog. Laert. (= Diogenes Laertios) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Lives of Eminent Philosophers. With an Eng¬lish translation by R. D. Hicks, vol. I-II. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1935-200511 (The Loeb Classical Library).
• Diogenes Laertios, Ünlü Filozofların Yaşamları ve Öğreti¬leri. Çev. C. Şen¬tuna. İstanbul 2003.
• Dion. Hal. ant. (= Dionysios Halikarnassos, Antiquitates Romanae) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: The Roman Antiquities of Diony¬sius of Hali¬carnassus. Ed. and translated by E. Carry, vols. I-VII. Cambridge, Mass.-London, I 20016 (The Loeb Classical Library).
• Dion. Hal. Comp. (= Dionysios Halikarnassos, De compositione verborum) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Die Lehre von den drei Wortfügungsarten. Untersuchungen zu Dionysios von Halikarnaß, De compositione verbo¬rum. Ed. K. Pohl. Tübingen 1968.
• Euseb. chron. (= Eusebios, Chronicorum) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Eusebi, Chronicorum (Liber Prior). Ed. A. Schoene. Berlin 1875.
• Eusebius’ Chronicle. Translated from Classical Armenian by Robert Bed¬rosian. Long Branch: New Jersey 2008.
• FGrHist Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker. Kullanılan Metin: F. Jacoby. I-XV. Berlin-Leiden 1923-1958.
• Ioseph. Ant. Iud. (= Flavius Iosephus Historicus, Antiquitates Iudaicae) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: The Jewish Antiquities. With an English translation by H. St. J. Thackeray IV-IX. London, New York 1930-1939 (The Loeb Classical Library).
• Ioseph. Cont. Ap. (= Iosephus, Contra Apionem) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Against Apion. With an English translation by H. St. J. Thackeray. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1976 (The Loeb Clas¬sical Library).
• Flavii Iosephi opera, vol. 5. Ed. B. Niese. Berlin: Weidmann 1889.
• Iust. (= Marcus Iulianus Iustinus, M. Iuliani Iustini Epitoma Histo-ria¬rum Phi¬lippicarum Pompei Trogi) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Epitome of the Philippic Histo¬ry of Pompeius Trogus. With an English translation by J. C. Yardley. With introduction and explanatory notes by R. Deve¬lin. Atlanta, GA 1994.
• Iust. (= Marcus Iulianus Iustinus, M. Iuliani Iustini Epitoma Histo-ria¬rum Phi¬lippicarum Pompei Trogi) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Epitome of the Philippic Histo¬ry of Pompeius Trogus. With an English translation by J. C. Yardley. With introduction and explanatory notes by R. Deve¬lin. Atlanta, GA 1994.
• Lucian. Marc. (= Lucianus Samosathenus, Macrobii) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Lucianus. Ed. C. Jacobitz, I-III vol., Leipzig: Teubner 1896-7; Ed. J. Sommer-Brodt, I-III vol., Berlin 1886-99; Ed. N. Nilén, Leipzig: Teubner 1906-. Scholia in Lucianum. Ed. H. Rabe, Leipzig: Teubner 1906.
• Metz Epit. Metz Epitome, Incerti Auctoris Epitoma Rerum Gestarum Alexandri Mag¬ni. Ed. P. H. Thomas. Leipzig 1965.
• Paus. (= Pausanias, Periegesis tes Hellados) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Pausanian Description of Greece. With an English translation by W. H. Jones I-V. London, New York 1918-1935 (The Loeb Classical Library).
• Phot. Bib. (= Photios, Bibliotheka) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Photios, Bibliotheka. Ed. R. Henry, Paris 1971.
• Photius, The Bibliotheca. A sellection translated with notes by N. G. Wil¬son. London 1994.
• Plut. (= Plutarkhos, Bioi Paralleloi)
• Alex. (= Aleksandros) Demetr. (= Demetrius)
• Dem. (= Demosthenes) Eum. (= Demetrius)
• Per. (= Perikles) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Plutarch’s Lives. With an English translation by B. Perrin, vols I-XI. Cambridge, Mass.-London, vols I 20059, II 20018, III 20019, IV 20007, V 20046, VI 20017, VII 19999, VIII 19899, IX 20027, X 20006, XI 20027 (The Loeb Classical Library).
• Polyain. strat. (= Polyainos, Strategemata) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Strategemata. Eds. E. Woelfflin and J. Melber, Polyaeni strategematon libri viii. Leipzig: Teubner, 1887 (repr. Stuttgart: 1970): 2-301, 305-425.
• Polyaenus’s Strategems of War. With an Eng¬lish translation by R. Shep¬herd. Chicago 1974.
• Polyb. (= Polybios, Historiai) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: The Histories. With an English translation by W. R. Paton I-VI. Cambridge, Mass.-London 1922 vd. (The Loeb Classi¬cal Library).
• Pomp. Trog. prolog. (= Pompeius Trogus, Prologues) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Prologues to the Philippic History of Trogus. With an English translation by J. C. Yardley. With introduction and ex¬planatory notes by R. Develin. Atlanta, GA 1994.
• Ps. Kall. (= Pseudo-Kallisthenes) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: Hellence metin için bk. Arriani Anabasis et Indica ex optimo codice Parisino emendavit et varietatem eius libri retulit Fr. Dübner. Reliqua Arriani et scriptorum de rebus Alexandri M. fragmenta collegit, Pseudo-Callisthenis historiam fabulosam ex tribus codicibus nunc primum edidit, Itinerarium Alexandri et indices adjecit Carolus Müller. Paris 1846.
• Historia Alexandri Magni, I: Recensio Vetusta. Ed. W. Kroll. Berlin 1926.
• Iulius Valerius’un Latince metin için bk. Juli Valeri Alexandri Polemi, res gestae Alexiandr Macedonis, translatae ex Aesopo Graeco. Accedunt col¬latio Alexandri cum Dindimo, Rege Bragmanorum, per litteras facta, et epistola Alexandri ad Aristotelem, magistrum suum, de itinere suo et de situ Indiae. B. Kuebler. Leipzig 1888.
• Sen. Ep. (= Seneca, Epistles) Kullanılan Metin ve Çevirleri: Moral Epistles. With an English transla¬tion by J. W. Basore, vols. I-III. Cambridge, Mass.-London, vols. I 20038, II 200110, III 20016 (The Lo¬eb Classical Library).
• Strab. (= Strabon, Geographika) Kullanılan Metin ve Çeviri: The Geography of Strabo. With an English translation by H. L. Jones I-VIII. London, New York 1917- 1932 (The Loeb Classical Library).
• Modern Literatür Aaboe et. al. 1991 A. Aaboe, J. P. Britton, J. A. Henderson, O. Neugebauer - A. Sachs, Saros Cycle Dates and Related Babylonian Astronomical Texts (TAPS 81, 6). Phi¬ladelphia 1991.
• Adams 2010 W. L. Adams, “Alexander’s Successors to 221 BC 208”. Şurada: A Compa¬nion to Ancient Macedonia. Eds. J. Roisman-I. Worthington. Oxford (2010) 208-224.
• AH Achaemenid History. Leiden 1983-.
• Anson 2014 E. M. Anson, Alexander’s Heirs: The Age of the Successors. Oxford 2014.
• Anson 20152 E. M. Anson, Eumenes of Cardia: A Greek among Macedonians. Leiden-Boston 20152 (Mnemosyne Supplements).
• Arslan 2007 M. Arslan. Memnon, Herakleia’sı ve Yorumlanması. İstanbul 2007.
• Arslan 2015 M. Arslan, “Herakleia Pontike’li Historiograflar ve Eserleri”. Şurada: Vir doctus anatolicus. Studies in memory of Sencer Şahin. Eds. B. Takmer et al. İstanbul (2015) 144-156.
• Bar-Kochva 2010 B. Bar-Kochva, The Image of the Jews in Greek Literature: The Hellenistic Period. London 2016.
• Bauer 1914 G. Bauer, Die Heidelberger Epitome. Eine Quelle zur Diadochengeschichte. Leipzig 1914.
• Baynham 1995 E. Baynham, An Introduction to the Metz Epitome: its Traditions and Va¬lue. Antichthon 29 (1995) 60-77.
• Beaulieu 2018 P.-A. Beaulieu, A History of Babylon 2200 BC-AD 75. Oxford 2018.
• Berve 1926 H. Berve, Das Alexanderreich auf prosopographischer Grundlage, vol. II. Munich 1926.
• Biedl 1948 A. Biedl, “Der Heidelberger cod. Pal. gr. 129- die Notizensammlung ei¬nes byzantinischen Gelehrten”. Würzburger Jahrbücher für die Alter¬tumswis¬senschaft 3 (1948) 100-105.
• Billows 1990 R. A. Billows, Antigonos the One-Eyed and the Creation of the Hellenistic State. Berkeley-Los Angeles 1990.
• Boiy 2000 T. Boiy, “Dating Methods during Early Hellenistic Period”. JCS 52 (2000) 115-121.
• Boiy 2002 T. Boiy, “Early Hellenistic Chronography in Cuneiform Tradition”. ZPE 138 (2002) 249-255.
• Boiy 2004 T. Boiy, Laatachaemenidisch en hellenistisch Babylon: Portreet van een Me¬sopotamische stad in een cultureel spanningsveld (PhD Dissertation Katho¬lieke Universiteit, Leuven 2000). İngilizce Çevirisi: Late Achaeme¬nid and Hellenistic Babylon (OLA 136). Leuven 2004.
• Boiy 2010 T. Boiy, “Royal and satrapal armies in Babylonia during the Second Dia¬doch War. The Chronicle of the Successors on the events during the se¬venth year of Philip Arrhidaeus (= 317/316 BC)”. JHS 130 (2010) 1-13
• Boiy 2013 T. Boiy, “The Diadochi History in Cuneiform Documentation”. Şurada: After Alexander: The Time of the Diadochi (323-281 BC). Eds. V. A. Tron¬coso – E. M. Anson. Oxford (2013) 7-16.
• Bosworth 1992 A. B. Bosworth, “Philip III Arrhidaeus and the Chronology of the Succes¬sors”. Chiron 22 (1992) 55-81.
• Bosworth 1993 A. B. Bosworth, “Perdiccas and the Kings”. CQ 43 (1993) 420-427.
• Bosworth 2000 A. B. Bosworth, Ptolemy and the Will of Alexander. Şurada: Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction. Eds. A. B. Bosworth - E. J. Baynham. Oxford (2000) 207-241.
• Bosworth 2002 A. B. Bosworth, The Legacy of Alexander. Politics, Warfare, and Propa¬ganda under the Successors. Oxford 2002.
• Bosworth 2005 A. B. Bosworth, Conquest and Empire: Thereign of Alexander the Great. Cambridge University 1988. Büyük İskender’in Yaşamı ve Fetihleri: Fetih ve İmapartorluk. Çev. H. Çalışkan. Ankara 2005.
• Breisach 2009 E. Breisach, Historiography. The University of Chicago 1994. Tarihyazı¬mı. Çev. H. Koçak. İstanbul 2009.
• Brown 1947 T. S. Brown, “Hieronymus of Cardia”. American Historical Review 52 (1947) 684-696.
• Brunt 1980 P. A. Brunt, “On Historical Fragments and Epitomes”. Classical Quar¬terly 30 (1980) 477–494.
• Burstein 1989 S. M. Burstein, Agatharchides of Cnidus, London: Hakluyt 1989.
• Carney 2000 E. D. Carney, Women and Monarchy in Macedonia. Norman - Oklaho¬ma 2000.
• Dubischar 2016 M. Dubischar, “Preserved Knowledge: Summaries and Compilations”. Şurada: A Companion to Greek Literature. Eds. M. Hose – D. Schenker. Oxford (2016) 427-440.
• Goralski 1989 W. J. Goralski, “Arrian’s Events After Alexander: Summary of Photius and Selected Fragments”. Ancient World 19 (1989) 81-101.
• Grayson 1975 A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles. Locust Valley, New York: J. J. Augistin Publisher 1975.
• Haake 2012 M. Haake, “Diadem und Basileus. Überlegungen zu einer Insignie und ei¬nem Titel in hellenistischer Zeit”. Şurada: Das Diadem der Hellenistisc¬hen Herrscher. Ed. A. Lichtenberger-K. Martin. Bonn (2012) 293-313.
• Hammond 1988 N. G. L. Hammond, “The Legacy of Alexander and the outbreak of Civil War”. Şurada: A History of Macedonia: 336-167 B.C. Eds. N. G. L. Ham¬mond-F. W. Walbank. Oxford (1988) 95-122.
• Hau 2016 L. I. Hau, “Fragmentary Hellenistic Historiography”. Şurada: Moral His¬tory from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus. Edinburgh University Press (2016) 124-168.
• Heckel 1988 W. Heckel, The Last Days and Testament of Alexander the Great: A Pro¬sopographic Study. Stuttgart 1988.
• Heckel 2006 W. Heckel, Who’s Who in the Age of Alexander the Great. Blackwell Pub¬lishing. Oxford 2006.
• Heckel-Yardley 2004 W. Heckel-J. C. Yardley, Alexander the Great: Historical Sources in Trans¬lation. Oxford 2004.
• Heinemann 2010 U. Heinemann, Stadtgeschichte im Hellenismus: Die lokal¬his-toriographi¬sc¬hen Vorgänger und Vorlagen Memnons von Herakleia. München 2010.
• Historia Zeitschrift für alte Geschichte. Stuttgart.
• Hornblower 1981 J. Hornblower, Hieronymus of Cardia. Oxford 1981.
• I.Didyma A. Rehm, Didyma, zweiter Teil: Die Inschriften, Ed. R. Harder. Berlin 1958.
• IG Inscriptiones Graecae, consilio et auctoritate Academiae Litterarum Borus¬sicae ed. maior: I-IV., VII., IX., XI., XII., XIV. Berlin 1873-1939.
• Jacoby 1913 F. Jacoby, “Hieronymos von Kardia”. RE VIII/2 (1913) col. 1540-1560.
• JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies. New Haven 1947-
• JHS Journal of Hellenic Studies. London.
• JRS Journal of Roman Studies. London.
• Köhler 1890 U. Köhler, “Über die Diadochengeschichte Arrians”. SB Berlin (1890) 557-588.
• Lendering 2018 J. Lendering, Alexander de Grote: de ondergang van het Perzische rijk. Am¬s¬terdam 2004. Büyük İskender. Çev. B. Sengir. İstanbul 20183.
• Martin 2005 G. Martin, “Antipater after the Lamian War: New Readings in Vat. Gr. 73 (Dexippus Fr. 33)”. Classical Quarterly 55 (2005) 301-305.
• Martin 2006 G. Martin, Dexipp von Athen. Edition, Übersetzung und begleitende Stu¬dien. Tübingen. 2006.
• Meeus 2008 A. Meeus, “The Power Struggle of the Diadochoi in Babylon, 323 BC”. An¬cient Society 38 (2008) 39-82.
• Meeus 2009 A. Meeus, “Some Institutional Problems concerning the Succession to Alexander the Great: "Prostasia" and Chiliarchy”. Historia 58 (2009) 287-310.
• Millar 1969 F. Millar, “P. Herennius Dexippus”. JRS 59 (I 969) 12-29.
• Nawotka 2017 K. Nawotka, The Alexander Romance by Ps.-Callisthenes: A Historical Commentary. Leiden-Boston 2017 (Mnemosyne Supplements).
• Ogden 2017 D. Ogden, The Legend of Seleucus. Cambridge 2017.
• OGIS Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae. Ed. W. Dittenberger. I-II. Leipzig 1903-1905.
• Opelt 1962 I. Opelt, “Epitome”. Şurada: Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum 5 (1962) 944-973.
• Pownall 2013 F. Pownall, “Duris of Samos and The Diadochi”. Şurada: After Alexander: The Time of the Diadochi (323-281 BC). Eds. V. A. Troncoso – E. M. An¬son. Oxford (2013) 43-56.
• RE Paulys Real-Encyclopädie der classichen Altertum¬swissen-schaft. Stuttgart (München).
• Reitzenstein 1904 R. Reitzenstein, Poimandres: Studien zur griechisch-ägyptischen und frühchristlichen Literatur. Leipzig 1904.
• Roisman 2010 J. Roisman, “Hieronymus of Cardia: Causation and Bias from Alexander to his Successors”. Şurada: Philip II and Alexander the Greatfather and son, lives and afterlives. Eds. E. Carney-D. Ogden. Oxford (2010) 135-148.
• Roisman 2012 J. Roisman, Alexander’s Veterans and the Early Wars of the Successors. Uni¬versity of Texas Press. Austin 2012.
• Rosen 1967 K. Rosen, “Political Documents in Hieronymus of Cardia (323-302 B.C.)”. Acta Classica 10 (1967) 41-94.
• Sarıkaya 2013 S. Sarıkaya, Arrianus’un “İskender’den Sonraki Olaylar” Adlı Eseri: Τὰ μετὰ Ἀλέξανδρον/Historia Successorum Alexandri. Cedrus I (2013) 329-345.
• Sarıkaya 2016 S. Sarıkaya, “Küçük Asya’da Diadokhoi Savaşları: Kardia’lı Eumenes’in Sa¬vaş Stratejisi”. Şurada: Vir doctus anatolicus. Studies in memory of Sen¬cer Şahin. Eds. B. Takmer et. al. İstanbul (2016) 736-753.
• Sarıkaya 2018 S. Sarıkaya, Anadolu’da Persler: Daskyleion Satraplığı. İstanbul 2018.
• SB Berlin Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Klasse.
• Schwahn 1931 W. Schwahn, ‘Diyllos’. Philologus 86 (1931) 145-168.
• Simonetti Agostinetti 1993 A. Simonetti Agostinetti, Flavio Arriano, gli eventi dopo Alessandro. Ro¬me 1993.
• Spek 2003 R. J. van der Spek, “Darius III, Alexander the Great and Babylonian Scho¬larship”. AH XIII (2003) 289-346.
• Stoneman 2008 R. Stoneman, Alexander the Great. A Life in Legend. New Haven 2008.
• Strassmaier 1985 J. N. Strassmaier, “Der Saros-Canon Sp. II, 71”. ZA 10 (1985) 64-69.
• Syll3 W. Dittenberger, Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum, İlk edis-yon: Leipzig 1883 (Syll1); 2. Eds. 3 cilt 1898-1901 (Syll2); 3. Eds. F. Hiller von Gaertrin¬gen et al. 4 cilt 1915-24 (Syll3).
• TAPS Transactions of the American Philosophical Society.
• Treadgold 1980 W. T. Treadgold, The Nature of the Bibliotheca of Photius. New York 1980.
• Treu 1889 M. Treu, “Griechische Sprichwörter”. Philologus 47 (1889) 193-201.
• Varona-Domínquez 2013 P. Varona-O. P. Domínquez, “Deconstructing Photios: Family Relati¬ons¬hip and Political Kinship in Middle Byzantium”. Revue des études by¬zanti¬nes 71 (2013) 105-148.
• Wheatley 2013 P. Wheatley, “The Heidelberg Epitome: A Neglected Diadoch Source”. Şurada: After Alexander: The Time of the Diadochi (323-281 BC). Eds. V. A. Troncoso – E. M. Anson. Oxford (2013) 17-29.
• Wilson 1994 N. G. Wilson, Photius: The Bibliotheca. London 1994.
• Yardley et. al. 2011 J. C. Yardley, P. V. Wheatley – W. Heckel, Justin: Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus. Vol. II. Books 13-15: The Successors to Alex¬ander the Great. Oxford 2011.
• ZA Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete. Berlin 1886.
• ZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. Bonn 1967.