Investigation of the Removal of Siloxane Compounds in Biogas by Adsorption Method

Öz

In this period when global warming is on the agenda, the tendency towards alternative energy sources is constantly increasing. Biogas is one of the most effective technologies in terms of providing energy requirements. In order to increase the energy efficiency of this gas fuel, the CO2, H2S, and siloxane impurities must be removed. The elimination of siloxane compounds in the biogas stream due to the damage caused by engine components during energy production has become a priority. When the siloxanes in the biogas stream are burned, the glassy microcrystalline silica forms a white powder, which leads to problems in gas engines. Today, the most applicable siloxane removal technologies in practice, adsorption, absorption, cooling/condensation, also acid degradation, membrane filtration has recently been applied technologies. The most widely used siloxane removal technology is adsorption with solid adsorbents and activated carbon is considered as the most preferred adsorbent material. The surface area, meso and microporous volume of the adsorbent used, regeneration capacity of the adsorbent and biogas composition is seen as the most important parameters in the adsorbent selection. In this study, the problems and removal methods of volatile methyl siloxane compounds in biogas formed in anaerobic sludge digesters in solid waste landfills and wastewater treatment plants were compiled and siloxane removal and adsorption process and siloxane removal mechanisms were investigated in detail. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• adsorption
• biogas efficiency
• energy
• volatile methyl siloxanes
• siloxane removal methods

Biyogaz Akımı İçerisindeki Siloksan Bileşiklerinin Adsorpsiyon Yöntemi ile Gideriminin Araştırılması

Öz

Küresel ısınmanın gündemde olduğu bu dönemde alternatif enerji kaynaklarına olan eğilim gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Biyogaz, enerji gereksiniminin sağlanması noktasında en etkili teknolojilerden biri olarak görülmektedir. Söz konusu bu gaz yakıtın enerji verimliliğinin yüksek olması için içerisinde bulunan CO2, H2S ve siloksan gibi safsızlıkların giderilmesi gerekmektedir. Biyogaz akımı içerisinde bulunan siloksan bileşiklerinin enerji üretimi sırasında motor aksamlarında oluşturduğu hasarlardan
dolayı bu bileşiklerin giderilmesi öncelikli hale gelmiştir. Biyogaz içerisinde bulunan siloksanlar yakıldığında, camsı mikrokristal silika formunda beyaz bir toz oluşturmakta ve bu beyaz toz, gaz motorlarında probleme yol açmaktadır. Günümüzde uygulamada en geçerli siloksan giderim teknolojileri adsorpsiyon, absorpsiyon, soğutma/yoğunlaştırma iken bunların dışında asit ile bozundurma, membran filtrasyon gibi teknolojilerde son zamanlarda uygulanmaya başlamıştır. En yaygın  kullanılan siloksan giderim teknolojisi ise katı adsorbanlar ile adsorpsiyon olup aktif karbon en fazla tercih edilen adsorban olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Kullanılan adsorbanın yüzey alanı, mezo ve mikro gözenek hacmi, adsorbanın rejenerasyon kapasitesi ve biyogaz kompozisyonu adsorban seçiminde en önemli parametreler olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, katı atık düzenli depolama sahalarında ve atıksu arıtma tesisleri anaerobik çamur çürütücülerinde oluşan biyogaz içerisindeki uçucu metil siloksan bileşiklerinin yarattığı problemler ve giderim yöntemleri hakkında bilgiler derlenmiş ve aynı zamanda siloksanların örneklemesi ve adsorpsiyon prosesi ile siloksan giderim mekanizmaları detaylı bir şekilde araştırılmış ve ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• adsorpsiyon
• biyogaz verimliliği
• enerji
• siloksan giderim yöntemleri
• uçucu metil siloksanlar

Kaynakça

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