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Trainspotting’in Türkçe Çevirileri Işığında Heteroglossia Çevirisine Kitle-Tasarımı Odaklı Bir Yaklaşım

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 27, 111 - 131, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.37599/ceviri.648716

Öz

Biçemsel olarak dilin farklı
katmanlaşma şekillerine işaret eden ve yazın metinlerinde ideolojik bir işleve
sahip olan heteroglossia, okura belirli bir dünya görüşü ve kimlik sunar. Bu
nedenle, heteroglot sesler, yazın metinlerinde bağlamın önemli bir parçası
olarak karşımıza çıkar. Kaynak metindeki heteroglot sesler, çevirmeni ve okuru
okuma sürecinde yönlendiren iletişimsel ve bağlamsal bir ipucu görevi üstlenir.
Bu çalışmada, heteroglot seslerin bir metnin bağlamını nasıl değiştirebileceği
sorusuna yanıt bulmak üzere bağıntı kuramı kullanılmaktadır. Heteroglot
seslerin erek dile nasıl aktarılacağı konusu ise çevirinin yapıldığı hedef
kitlenin kimlerden oluştuğu, çeviriye ilişkin beklentilerin ne olduğu ve dil
düzeyinde kabul edilebilirlik normları gibi etkenlerle yakından ilişkilidir.
Çevirmenler, erek dil okurunun beğenisini kazanmak ya da yapılan çevirinin
toplumda kabul edilebilir bir çeviri olarak alımlanmasını sağlamak için - hedef
kitleye özgü olduğu varsayılan özelliklere dayanarak- kaynak metnin biçemsel
özelliklerinde bir takım değişiklikler yapabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada
Irvine Welsh’in sosyo-biçemsel düzeyde farklı heteroglot sesleri ön plana
çıkardığı
Trainspotting adlı romanı
ve bu romanın iki çevirisi incelenmektedir. Toplumdilbilimsel bir kavram olan
kitle tasarımı kavramından yola çıkan bu çalışmada, bir yandan, heteroglot
seslerin çevirisinin, dile ilişkin olarak toplumda var olan bakış açısı ve
söylemlerden etkilendiği anlaşılmakta; diğer yandan ise, bir toplumda
heteroglot seslerin çevirisi için sistematik olarak tercih edilen
stratejilerin, toplumun dil hakkındaki görüşlerine ve çevirmenlerin zihnindeki
kitle tasarımına ışık tuttuğu sonucuna varılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Londra: Verso.
  • Apter, E. (2006). The translation zone. Princeton ve Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The dialogic imagination. C. Emerson (trans.) ve M. Holmquist (Ed.). Austin: Texas UP.
  • Bakhtin, M. (2001). Unitary language. L. Burke, T. Crowley & A. Girvin (Ed.), The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory Reader (ss. 269-279). Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Bell, A. (1984). Language style as audience design, Language in Society, 13(2), 145-204.
  • Boase-Beier, J. (2004). Saying what someone else meant: Style, relevance and translation. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(2), 276-287.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power. J. B. Thompson (Ed.), and G. Raymond & M. Adamson (Çev.). Cambridge: Polity in association with Basil Blackwell.
  • Cameron, D. (1995). Verbal hygiene. Londra: Routledge.
  • Chatman, R. (1990). Coming to terms: The rhetoric of narrative in fiction and film. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
  • Clark, B. (1996). Stylistic analysis and relevance theory. Language and Literature, 5(3), 163-178.
  • Corbett, J. (1999). Written in the language of the Scottish nation: A history of literary translation into Scots. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Craig, C. (1988). The history of Scottish literature (Vol. 4). Aberdeen: Aberdeen UP.
  • Craig, C. (2006). Devolving the Scottish novel. J. English (Ed.), A Concise Companion to Contemporary British Fiction (ss. 121-140). Oxford ve Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Cronin, M. (2003). Translation and globalization. Londra: Routledge.
  • Doğançay-Aktuna, S. (2004). Language planning in Turkey: Yesterday and today. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 165, 5-32.
  • Erkazancı, H. (2006). Heteroglossia in Turkish translations: Locating the style of literary translation in an audience-design perspective. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. University of East Anglia, Norwich, Great Britain.
  • Faulkner, W. (1940). The Hamlet. New York: Random House.
  • Gal, S. (1998). Multiplicity and contention among language ideologies: A commentary. B. B. Schieffelin, K. A. Woolard & P. V. Kroskrity (Ed.), Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory (ss.317-332). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Gökpek, A. (2006). “Trainspotting çevirisi üzerine”, http://www.izedebiyat.com/yazi.asp?id=20861, 12.04.2006 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. A. P. Martinich (Ed.), The Philosophy of Language (ss. 159-70). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gutt, E. A. (1991). Translation and relevance: Cognition and context. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Gutt, E. A. (1998). “Textual properties, communicative clues, and the translator”, http://cogprints.org/2584/01/TextualPropertiesCommunicativeClues.htm, 03.02.2005 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Gutt, E. A. (2000). Translation and relevance: Cognition and context (İkinci ve gözden geçirilmiş baskı). Manchester: St Jerome Publishing.
  • Hepçilingirler, F. (1999). Dedim “Ahh”: Türkçe “Off” - 2. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Kennedy, A.L. “Scots to death”. The New York Times, 20 Temmuz 1996, s. 19.
  • Kongar, E. (2003). Yozlaşan medya ve yozlaşan Türkçe. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Koskinen, K. & Paloposki, O. (2003). Retranslations in the age of digital reproduction, Cadernos de Tradução, 1(11), 19–38.
  • Lane-Mercier, G. (1995). Towards a rhetorical practice of mimesis: Writing/reading/ (re)translating fictional sociolects. Recherches Semiotiques/Semiotic Inquiry, 15, (3), 105-128.
  • MacKenzie, I. (2002). Paradigms of reading: Relevance theory and deconstruction. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
  • March, C. L. (2002). Rewriting Scotland: Welsh, McLean, Warner, Banks, Galloway, and Kennedy. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Myers, G. (1989). The pragmatics of politeness in scientific articles, Applied Linguistics, 10(1), 1-35.
  • Nord, C. (1997). Translating as a purposeful activity. Functionalist Approaches Explained. Manchester: St. Jerome.
  • Osborne, C. (1996). “Welsh accuses the middle classes of cultural bias.” the Sunday Telegraph, 30 Mart 1996.
  • Özel, S. (2000). Dil Kiri El Kiri. İstanbul: Bilgi Yayınevi.
  • Paker, S. (1986). Translated European literature in the late Ottoman literary polysystem, New Comparison, 1, 67-79.
  • Poe, E. A. ([1843] 1994). The Gold Bug. Selected tales. London: Penguin.
  • Poe, E. A. (1974). Altın Böcek. Kızıl Ölümün Maskesi (T. Uyar, Çev.). İstanbul: Nisan Yayıncılık.
  • Seyhan, A. (2005). German academic exiles in İstanbul: Translation as the Bildung of the Other. S. Bermann & M. Wood (Ed.), Nation, Language, and the Ethics of Translation (ss. 274-288). Princeton ve Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  • Sperber, D. and Wilson, D. (1990). Rhetoric and relevance. J. Bender & D. Wellbery (Ed.) The Ends of Rhetoric (ss. 140-155). Stanford UP: Palo Alto.
  • Sperber, D. and Wilson D. ([1986]1995). Relevance: Communication and cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Suominen, M. (2001). “Heteroglot Soldiers”, http://www.eng.helsinki.fi/hes/Translation/heteroglot_soldiers1.htm, 23.03.2014 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Talib, I. S. (2002). The language of postcolonial literatures. An Introduction. Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Thomson, C. (2004). Slainte, I goes, and he says his word: Morvern Callar undergoes the trial of the foreign. Language and Literature, 13(1), 55-71.
  • Venuti, L. (1998). The scandals of rranslation: Towards an ethics of difference. Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Welsh, I. (1994). Trainspotting. London: Minerva.
  • Welsh, I. (2001). Trainspotting (S. Kaliç, Çev.). İstanbul: Stüdyo İmge.
  • Welsh, I. (2010). Trainspotting (A. Pardo, Çev.). İstanbul: Siren Yayınları.
  • Yağcıoğlu, S. (2004). Book review. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 165, 183-186.

An audience-design approach to the translation of heteroglossia: the case of Trainspotting in Turkish

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 27, 111 - 131, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.37599/ceviri.648716

Öz

Literary heteroglossia refers to
the textual representation of the division of a language into different
varieties which differ from the norms of the standard language. Given its
underlying ideological layers, heteroglossia forms a significant part of the
context of a literary text. The heteroglot voices serve as
ostensive-inferential clues which guide both the source-text reader and the
translator in the reading process. Therefore, the study focuses on relevance
theory in order to shed light on this process. The study also underlines that
the translation of heteroglossia largely depends on the translator’s
consideration of a particular audience design. That is, the typological profile
of readers and their perceived (socio)linguistic expectations coexist with
translation. To illustrate this point, this study focuses on how various
heteroglot voices in Irvine Welsh’s
Trainspotting
are translated into Turkish. Ultimately, the study underlines, on the one hand,
that it is possible to derive particular forms of translations from a posited
audience design. On the other hand, the study highlights that the systematic
choices made by the translators in a particular society can provide us with a
particular audience design with respect to the translation of heteroglossia.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Londra: Verso.
  • Apter, E. (2006). The translation zone. Princeton ve Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The dialogic imagination. C. Emerson (trans.) ve M. Holmquist (Ed.). Austin: Texas UP.
  • Bakhtin, M. (2001). Unitary language. L. Burke, T. Crowley & A. Girvin (Ed.), The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory Reader (ss. 269-279). Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Bell, A. (1984). Language style as audience design, Language in Society, 13(2), 145-204.
  • Boase-Beier, J. (2004). Saying what someone else meant: Style, relevance and translation. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(2), 276-287.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power. J. B. Thompson (Ed.), and G. Raymond & M. Adamson (Çev.). Cambridge: Polity in association with Basil Blackwell.
  • Cameron, D. (1995). Verbal hygiene. Londra: Routledge.
  • Chatman, R. (1990). Coming to terms: The rhetoric of narrative in fiction and film. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
  • Clark, B. (1996). Stylistic analysis and relevance theory. Language and Literature, 5(3), 163-178.
  • Corbett, J. (1999). Written in the language of the Scottish nation: A history of literary translation into Scots. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Craig, C. (1988). The history of Scottish literature (Vol. 4). Aberdeen: Aberdeen UP.
  • Craig, C. (2006). Devolving the Scottish novel. J. English (Ed.), A Concise Companion to Contemporary British Fiction (ss. 121-140). Oxford ve Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Cronin, M. (2003). Translation and globalization. Londra: Routledge.
  • Doğançay-Aktuna, S. (2004). Language planning in Turkey: Yesterday and today. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 165, 5-32.
  • Erkazancı, H. (2006). Heteroglossia in Turkish translations: Locating the style of literary translation in an audience-design perspective. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. University of East Anglia, Norwich, Great Britain.
  • Faulkner, W. (1940). The Hamlet. New York: Random House.
  • Gal, S. (1998). Multiplicity and contention among language ideologies: A commentary. B. B. Schieffelin, K. A. Woolard & P. V. Kroskrity (Ed.), Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory (ss.317-332). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Gökpek, A. (2006). “Trainspotting çevirisi üzerine”, http://www.izedebiyat.com/yazi.asp?id=20861, 12.04.2006 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. A. P. Martinich (Ed.), The Philosophy of Language (ss. 159-70). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gutt, E. A. (1991). Translation and relevance: Cognition and context. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Gutt, E. A. (1998). “Textual properties, communicative clues, and the translator”, http://cogprints.org/2584/01/TextualPropertiesCommunicativeClues.htm, 03.02.2005 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Gutt, E. A. (2000). Translation and relevance: Cognition and context (İkinci ve gözden geçirilmiş baskı). Manchester: St Jerome Publishing.
  • Hepçilingirler, F. (1999). Dedim “Ahh”: Türkçe “Off” - 2. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Kennedy, A.L. “Scots to death”. The New York Times, 20 Temmuz 1996, s. 19.
  • Kongar, E. (2003). Yozlaşan medya ve yozlaşan Türkçe. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Koskinen, K. & Paloposki, O. (2003). Retranslations in the age of digital reproduction, Cadernos de Tradução, 1(11), 19–38.
  • Lane-Mercier, G. (1995). Towards a rhetorical practice of mimesis: Writing/reading/ (re)translating fictional sociolects. Recherches Semiotiques/Semiotic Inquiry, 15, (3), 105-128.
  • MacKenzie, I. (2002). Paradigms of reading: Relevance theory and deconstruction. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
  • March, C. L. (2002). Rewriting Scotland: Welsh, McLean, Warner, Banks, Galloway, and Kennedy. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Myers, G. (1989). The pragmatics of politeness in scientific articles, Applied Linguistics, 10(1), 1-35.
  • Nord, C. (1997). Translating as a purposeful activity. Functionalist Approaches Explained. Manchester: St. Jerome.
  • Osborne, C. (1996). “Welsh accuses the middle classes of cultural bias.” the Sunday Telegraph, 30 Mart 1996.
  • Özel, S. (2000). Dil Kiri El Kiri. İstanbul: Bilgi Yayınevi.
  • Paker, S. (1986). Translated European literature in the late Ottoman literary polysystem, New Comparison, 1, 67-79.
  • Poe, E. A. ([1843] 1994). The Gold Bug. Selected tales. London: Penguin.
  • Poe, E. A. (1974). Altın Böcek. Kızıl Ölümün Maskesi (T. Uyar, Çev.). İstanbul: Nisan Yayıncılık.
  • Seyhan, A. (2005). German academic exiles in İstanbul: Translation as the Bildung of the Other. S. Bermann & M. Wood (Ed.), Nation, Language, and the Ethics of Translation (ss. 274-288). Princeton ve Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  • Sperber, D. and Wilson, D. (1990). Rhetoric and relevance. J. Bender & D. Wellbery (Ed.) The Ends of Rhetoric (ss. 140-155). Stanford UP: Palo Alto.
  • Sperber, D. and Wilson D. ([1986]1995). Relevance: Communication and cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Suominen, M. (2001). “Heteroglot Soldiers”, http://www.eng.helsinki.fi/hes/Translation/heteroglot_soldiers1.htm, 23.03.2014 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Talib, I. S. (2002). The language of postcolonial literatures. An Introduction. Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Thomson, C. (2004). Slainte, I goes, and he says his word: Morvern Callar undergoes the trial of the foreign. Language and Literature, 13(1), 55-71.
  • Venuti, L. (1998). The scandals of rranslation: Towards an ethics of difference. Londra ve New York: Routledge.
  • Welsh, I. (1994). Trainspotting. London: Minerva.
  • Welsh, I. (2001). Trainspotting (S. Kaliç, Çev.). İstanbul: Stüdyo İmge.
  • Welsh, I. (2010). Trainspotting (A. Pardo, Çev.). İstanbul: Siren Yayınları.
  • Yağcıoğlu, S. (2004). Book review. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 165, 183-186.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hilal Erkazancı 0000-0003-2790-0415

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 27

Kaynak Göster

APA Erkazancı, H. (2019). Trainspotting’in Türkçe Çevirileri Işığında Heteroglossia Çevirisine Kitle-Tasarımı Odaklı Bir Yaklaşım. Çeviribilim Ve Uygulamaları Dergisi(27), 111-131. https://doi.org/10.37599/ceviri.648716