Dizi İçeriklerinin Gelişim Alanları Açısından Önemi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 58 - 72, 25.12.2019

Alev Üstündağ

https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.515554

Cited By: 2

Öz

Televizyon hayatımızın
büyük bir kısmını etkilemektedir. Özellikle seyrettiğimiz diziler düşünce ve
davranışlarımız üzerinde yoğun bir etkiye sahiptir. Bir süre sonra, farkında
olmadan beğendiğimiz karakterler gibi davranmaya başlarız. Model aldığımız
karakterler davranışlarımız üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Gençler içinde
bulundukları gelişim dönemi ve özellikleri sebebiyle daha fazla etkilenme
eğilimindedir.  Bu araştırmada gençlerin
fazlaca karşısında zaman geçirdikleri ekran ve seyrettikleri dizilerin gelişim
alanları açısından değerlendirilmesinin yapılması ve ne tür etkilerin ortaya
çıkabileceğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Dizilerin içeriklerinin yoğun
olduğu ve bu içeriklerin gelişim alanları üzerinde önemli etkilerinin bulunduğu
belirlenmiştir. Diziler, içerikleri ve karakter analizlerinin yapılacağı
gelecek araştırmalar için önemli bir literatür kaynağı elde edilmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

genç, televizyon dizileri, dizi içerikleri, ekran

Kaynakça

• Akbulut, N. (2001). Televizyon çocukları. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11:363-367.
• Aksan, D. (2005). Türkiye Türkçesinin dünü, bugünü, yarını (4. Basım). Ankara: Bilgi Yayınevi.
• American College of Pediatricians. (2016). The Impact of media use and screen time on children, adolescents and families. Erişim Tarihi 01 Kasım 2016. Erişim adresi: https://www.acpeds.org/the-college-speaks/position-statements/parenting-issues/the-impact-of-media-use-and-screen-time-on-children-adolescents-and-families.
• Anderson, D. R. ve Pempek, T. A. (2005). Television and very young children. The American Behavioral Scientist, 48(5):505-522.
• American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Public Education. (2001). Sexuality, contraception, and the media. Pediatrics, 107(1):191-194.
• American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Public Education. (2001). Media violance. Pediatrics, 108(5):122-126.
• American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Public Education. (1999). Media education. Pediatrics, 104(2):341-343.
• Anderson, C. A., Carnagey, N. L., Flanagan, M., Benjamin, A. J., Eubanks, J. ve Valentine, J. C. (2004). Violent video games: specific effects of violent content on aggressive thoughts and behavior. Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol, 36:200-251.
• Anderson, C. A., Berkowitz, L., Donnerstein, E., Huesmann, L. R., Johnson, J. D. ve Linz, D. (2003). The influence of media violence on youth. Psychol. Sci. Public Interest, 4:81-110.Anderson, C. A. ve Bushman, B. J. (2002). Human aggression. Annu. Rev. Psychol, 53:27-51.
• Anderson, D. R., Huston, A. C., Schmitt, K. L., Linebarger, D. L. ve Wright, J. C. (2001). Early childhood television andadolescent behavior: The Recontact study. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 66(1):154-162.
• Aydın Yılmaz, Z. ve Uzman, E. (2005). Televizyonun çocukların dil gelişimine etkileri. Türk Dili, 643:16-27.
• Ballard, K. D. (2003). Media habits and academic performance: elementary and middle school students’ perceptions. ERIC, 1-21.
• Bartholow, B. D., Bushman, B. J. ve Sestir, M. A. (2006). Chronic violent video game exposure and desensitization to violence: behavioral and event-related brain potential data. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol, 42:532-539.
• Bar-on, M. E. (2000). The effects of television on child health: implications and recommendations. Arch Dis Child, 83:289-92.
• Bell, A.(1991). The language of news media. Language in society. 16th ed. Oxford: Blackwell.
• Braithwaite, I., Stewart, A. W., Hancox, R. J., Beasley, R., Murphy, R. ve Mitchell, E. A. (2013). The worldwide association between television viewing and obesity in children and adolescents: cross sectional study. PloS one, 8(9):1-8.
• Brown, J. D. ve Bobkowski, P. S. (2011). Older and newer media: patterns of use and effects on adolescents’ health and well-being. J Res Adolesc, 21(1):95-113.
• Buckingham, D. ve Bragg, S. (2004). Young people, sex and the media: the facts of life? New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Buijzen, M. ve Valkenburg, P. M. (2003). The effects of television advertising on materialism, parent-child conflict, and unhappiness: A review of research. Applied Developmental Psychology, 24:437-456.
• Bushman, B. J. ve Anderson, C. A. (2002). Violent video games and hostile expectations: a test of the general aggression model. Pers. Soc. Psychol, 28:1679-1686.
• Calvert, S. ve Kotler, J. (2003). Lessons from children’s television: The ımpact of the children’s television act on children’s learning. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24:275-335.
• Carnagey, N. L., Anderson, C. A. ve Bushman, B. J. (2007). The effect of video game violence on physiological desensitization toreal-life violence. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol, 43:489-496.
• Chan, K. ve McNeal, J. U. (2004). Children’s understanding of television advertising: a revisit in the chinese context. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 165(1):28-36.
• Christakis, D. A. (2006). The hidden and potent effects of television advertising. Journal of American Medical Association, 295(14):1698-1699.
• Christakis, D. A. ve Zimmerman, F. J. (2004). Early television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children. Pediatrics, 113:708-713.
• Coats, E. J. ve Feldman, S. (1995). The role of television in the socialization of nonverbal behavioral skills. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 17:327-341.
• Collins, R. (2004). Watching sex on television predicts adolescent initiation of sexual behavior. Pediatrcs, 144(39):280-289.
• Comstock, G. C. ve Strasburger, V. C. (1993). Media violence. Adolesc Med, 4:495-509.
• Deutsch, F. (1974). Observational and sociometric measures of peer popularity and their relationship of egocentric communication in female preschoolers. Developmental Psychology, 10(5):745–747.
• Dill, K. E. ve Dill, J. C. (1999). Video game violence: are view of the empirical literature. Aggress. Violent Behav, 3:407-428.
• Dorr, A. (1982). Television and affective development and functioning in television and behavior: ten years of scientific progress and ımplications for the eighties. Pearl D, Bouthilet L, Lazar J editors. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
• Douglas, W. (1996). The fall from Grace? the modern family on television. Communication Research, 23:675-702.
• Drabman, R. S. ve Thomas, M. H. (1974). Exposure to filmed violence and children’s tolerance of real life aggression. Pers. Soc. Psychol, 1(1):198-199.
• Eron, L. D. ve Huesmann, L. R. (1980). Adolescent aggression and television. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci, 347:319-331.
• Ertürk, Y. D. ve Akkor Gül, A. (2006). Çocuğunuzu televizyona teslim etmeyin. İstanbul: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Escobar-Chaves, S. L. ve Anderson, C. A. (2008). Media and risky behaviors. Future Child, 18:147-180.
• Escobar-Chaves, S. L., Tortolero, S. R., Markham, C. M., Low, B. J., Eitel, P. ve Thickstun, P. (2005). Impact of the media on adolescent sexual attitudes and behaviors. Pediatrics, 116(1):303-326.
• Federman, J. (1998). National television violence study. Seawell M editor. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.
• Feshbach, N. D., Dillman, A. S. ve Jordan, T. S. (1979). Children and television advertising: some research and some perspectives. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 8(1):26-30.
• Funk, J. B., Baldacci, H. B., Pasold, T. ve Baumgardner, J. (2004). Violence exposure in real-llife, video games, television, movies, and the ınternet: ıs there desensitization? Journal of Adolescence, 2:23-39.
• Gentile, D. A., Lynch, P. J., Linder, J. R. ve Walsh, D. A. (2004). The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance. Journal of Adolescence, 27:5-22.
• Gerbner, G. (1994). The politics of media violence: some reflections, in Mass Communication Research: On problems and policies. The art of asking the right questions. Halloran JD, Hamelink CJ, Linne O, editors. Norwood NJ: Ablex.
• Göçen, G. (2011). Televizyonun konuşma eğitimine etkileri (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi). Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi.
• Halberstaadt, A., Denham, S. ve Dunsmore, J. (2001). Affective Social Competence. Social Development, 79: 79-119.
• Hayes, D. ve Casey D.(1992). Young children and television: the retention of emotional reactions. Child Development, 63(6):1423–1436.
• Huesmann, R., Moise-Titus, J., Podolski, C. L. ve Eron, L. D. (2003). Longitudinal relations between children’s exposure to TV violence and their aggressive and violent behavior in young adulthood:1977–1992. Dev. Psychol, 39:201–221.
• Huston, A., Wright, J., Alvarez, M., Truglio, R., Fitch, M. ve Piemyat, S. (1995). Perceived television reality and children’s emotional and cognitive responses to ıts social content. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 16:231–251.
• Işık, M., Erdem, A., Güllüoğlu, Ö. ve Akbaba, E. (2007). Televizyon ve çocuk. Konya: Eğitim Kitabevi Yayınları.
• İnanlı. M. S. (2009). Televizyondaki çocuk programlarının beş-altı yaş çocukları için sözel şiddet ve anti sosyal sözcükler içerme durumunun incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi.
• Greer, D., Potts, R., Wright, J. C. ve Huston, A. C. (1982). The effects of television commercial form and commercial placement on children’s social behavior and attention. Child Development, 53:611-619.
• Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Smailes, E. M., Kasen, S. ve Brook, J. S.(2002). Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood. Science Science, 295(5564):2468-2471.
• Kapıcıoğlu, İ. (2008). Üniversite öğrencilerinin şiddet algısı (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi). Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi.
• Karahan, L. (1998). Radyo ve televizyon yayınlarında yöresel söyleyiş sorunu. Radyo ve televizyon yayınlarında Türk dilinin kullanımı tebliğler. Ankara: Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu.
• Karaman, K. (2010). Çizgi/dizi film karakterlerinin çocukların tüketim alışkanlıkları üzerine etkisi. Karadeniz-Black Sea, 2:66-84.
• Kiewitz, C. ve Weaver, J. B. (2001). Trait aggressiveness, media violence, and perceptions of interpersonal conflict. Pers. Individ. Dif, 31:821–835.
• Klesges, R. C., Shelton, M. L. ve Klesges, L. M. (1993). Effects of television on metabolic rate: Potential implications for childhood obesity. Pediatrics, 91:281-286.
• Knowles, A. ve Nixon, M. (1990). Children’s comprehension of a television cartoon’s emotional theme. Australian Journal of Psychology, 42(2):115-121.
• Konrath, S. H., O’Brien, E. H. ve Hsing, C. (2011). Changes in dispositional empathy in American college students over time:a meta-analysis. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev, 15:180–198.
• Krahé, B., Möller, I., Huesmann, L. R., Kirwil, L., Felber, J. ve Berger, A. (2011). Desensitization to media violence: links with habitual media violence exposure, aggressive cognitions, and aggressive behavior. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol, 100:630-646.
• Larson, M. S. (2003). Gender, race, and aggression in television commercials that feature children. ProQuest Education Journals Sex Roles, 48(1/2):67-75.
• Levin, S. R., Petros, T. V. ve Petrellsa, F. W. (1982). Preschools’ awareness of television advertising. Child Development, 53:933-937.
• Manlove, J. ve Moore, K. (2005). Sex Between Young Teens and Older Individuals: A Demographic Portrait. Child Trends Research Brief.
• Mares, M. L. (1996). The role of source confusions in television’s cultivation of social reality judgements. Human Communication Research, 23:278-297.
• Martino, S. C., Collins, R. L., Kanouse, D. E., Elliott, M. ve Berry, S. H. (2005). Social cognitive processes mediating the relationship between exposure to television’s sexual content and adolescents’ sexual behavior. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol, 89(6):914-924.
• Meinhof, U. (1998). Language learning in the age of satellite television. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Moawad, G. E. ve Ebrahem, G. G. S. (2016). The relationship between use of technology and parent-adolescents social relationship. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(14):168-178.
• Molitor. F. ve Hirsch, K. W. (1994). Children’s toleration of real-life aggression after exposure to media violence: a replication of the Drabman and Thomas studies. Child Study Journal, 24:191-207.
• Morley, D. (2005). Family television: Cultural power and domestic leisure. England: Routledge.
• O’Hara, R. E., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M. ve Sargent, J. D. (2012). Greater exposure to sexual content in popular movies predicts earlier sexual debut and increased sexual risk taking. Psychol Sci, 23(9):984-993.
• Öcel, N. (2002). İletişim ve çocuk: İletişim ortamlarında çocuk ve reklam iletişimi. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Yayınları.
• Önder, A. ve Dağal, B. A. (2006). Okul öncesi çocukların annelerinin ‘benimle oynar mısın?’ çocuk programını kalite kriterlerine göre değerlendirmesi. II. Uluslararası Çocuk ve İletişim Kongresi; 4-6 Nisan 2005; İstanbul. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Yayınları, 171-184.
• Öztürk, Ş. (2006). Televizyonda şiddet içerikli yayınlar karşısında çocuğun durumu. II. Uluslararası Çocuk ve İletişim Kongresi, 3-22.
• Pahad, A., Karkare, N. ve Bhatt, M. (2015). Influence of reality television shows on society. Social Science, 5(4):703-705.
• Paik, H. ve Comstock, G. (1994). The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis 1. Commun. Res, 21:516-546.
• Primack, B. A., Kraemer, K. L., Fine, M. J. ve Dalton, M. A.(2009). Media exposure and marijuana and alcohol use among adolescents. Subst Use Misuse, 44(5):722-39.Rey-Lopez, J. P., Vicente-Rodríguez, G., Biosca, M. ve Moreno, L. A. (2008). Sedentary behaviour and obesity development in children and adolescents. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 18(3):242-251.
• Reid, P. ve Finchilescu, G. (1995). The disempowering effects of media violence against women on college women. Psychol. Women Q, 19:397-411.
• Scull, T. M., Kupersmidt, J. B., Parker, A. E., Elmore, K. C. ve Benson, J. W. (2010). Adolescents’ media-related cognitions and substance use in the context of parental and peer influences. J Youth Adolesc, 39(9):981-998.
• Siegel, M., Ross, C. S., Albers, A. B., DeJong, W., King, III C. ve Naimi, T. S.(2015). The relationship between exposure to brand-specific alcohol advertising and brand-specific consumption among underage drinkers–United States, 2011–2012. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse.
• Strasburger, V. C. (1995). Adolescents and the media: Medical and psychological impact. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.
• Swing, E. L. ve Gentile, D. A. (2010). Television and video game exposure and the development of attention problems. Pediatrics, 126:214-221.
• Tandaçgüneş, N. (2004). Çocukluğun kültürel yabancılaşmasında televizyon: İlköğretimde dil algılaması üzerine bir örnek olay. 1. Uluslararası Çocuk ve İletişim Konferansı Milenyumda Çocuk ve İletişim; 13-15 Ekim 2003; İstanbul. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Yayınları, 197-211.
• Tombul, I. (2006). Kültürel yozlaşmanın göstergesi olarak televizyonda dilin kullanımı: Televizyon sunucuları örneği (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi). İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi.
• Tubbs, C., Roy, K. ve Burton, L. (2005). Family ties: Constructing family time in low-ıncome families. Family Process, 44:77-91.
• Uhls, Y. T., Michikyan, M., Morris, J., Garcia, D., Small, G. W., Zgourou, E. ve Greenfield, P. M. (2014). Five days at outdoor education camp without screens improves preteen skills with nonverbal emotion cues. Computers in Human Behavior, 39:387-392.
• Uskun, E., Öztürk, M., Kişioğlu, A. N. VE Kırbıyık, S. (2005). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde obezite gelişimini etkileyen risk faktörleri. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2):19-25.
• Valkenburg, P. M. ve Buijzen, M. (2008). Fear responses to media entertainment. Calvert, S, Wilson B, editors. The handbook of children, media, and development. Malden: Blackwell.
• Vandewater, E. A., Shim, M. ve Caplovitz, A. G. (2004). Linking obesity and activity level with children's television and video game use. Journal of Adolescence, 27:71-85.
• Weiss, A. ve Wilson, B. (1996). Emotional portrayals in family television series that are popular among children. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 40(1):1-29.
• Weiss, A. ve Wilson, B. (1996). Children’s cognitive and emotional responses to the portrayal of negative emotions in family-formatted situation comedies. Human Communication Research, 24:584-609.
• Willis, E. ve Strasburger, V. C. (1998). Media violence. Pediatr Clin North Am, 45:319-331.
• Wilson, B. (2008). Media and children’s aggression, fear, and altruism. The Future of Children, 18(1):87-118.
• Wilson, B. J. (2004). The mass media and family communication. Handbook of family communication. 563-591.
• Ybarra, M. L., Strasburger, V. C. ve Mitchell, K. J. (2014). Sexual media exposure, sexual behavior, and sexual violence victimization in adolescence. CLIN PEDIATR, 53:1239-1247.
• Yılmaz, E. (2009). Türkiye Türkçesi üzerine araştırmalar. Ankara: Pegem A Akademi.
• Zillmann, D. ve Weaver, J. B. (1999). Effects of prolonged exposure to gratuitous media violence on provoked and unprovoked hostile behavior1. J. Appl. Soc. Psychol, 29:145-165.
• Zimmerman, F. J. (2008). Children’s media use and sleep problems: Issues and unanswered questions. Research Brief, Kaiser Family Foundation.Zülfikar, H. (2009). Doğru yazma ve konuşma bilgileri 1. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Zerpa Yayını.