Müslümanları Seferber Etmek: Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nda Osmanlı-Alman Propagandası

Öz

2 Ağustos 1914'te Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Alman İmparatorluğu bir ittifak üzerinde anlaştı ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu 29 Ekim 1914'te Merkezi Güçlerden biri olarak I. Dünya Savaşı'na resmen girdi. Kasım ayında Osmanlı Sultanı tarafından Cihad ilan edildi. Osmanlı ve Alman hükümetleri Hindistan, Mısır ve Müttefiklere bağlı diğer ülkelerdeki Müslümanları harekete geçirmek için broşürler, bildiriler ve gazeteler yayınladı. Amaçları ordularındaki yerli halk arasında isyan çıkarmak, Pan-İslamizmi teşvik etmek ya da Alman yanlısı duygular yaratmaktı. Propaganda materyallerinin bazıları Müslümanları kutsal savaşa davet ederken, diğerleri Halifeliği ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nu Müslümanlara ulaşmak için bir köprü olarak kullandı. Bu makale, Müslümanları Müttefiklere karşı harekete geçirmeye yönelik Alman ve Osmanlı propagandasını incelemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İtilaf Devletleri
• Cihat
• Alman İmparatorluğu
• Propaganda
• Birinci Dünya Savaşı

MOBILIZING THE MUSLIMS: OTTOMAN-GERMAN PROPAGANDA IN WORLD WAR I

Öz

On 2 August 1914, the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire agreed on an alliance, and the Ottoman Empire officially entered into World War I on 29 October 1914 as one of the Central Powers. In November, jihad was proclaimed by the Ottoman Sultan. The Ottoman and German governments published pamphlets, leaflets, and newspapers to mobilize Muslims in India, Egypt, and other dependencies of the Allies. They aimed to incite mutiny among native populations in their armies, foster Pan-Islamism, or create pro- German sentiments. While some of the propaganda materials invited Muslims to holy war, others used the Caliphate and the Ottoman Empire as a bridge to reach the Muslims. This article examines German and Ottoman propaganda to mobilize Muslims against the Allies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Allies
• Jihad
• German Empire
• Ottoman Empire
• Propaganda
• World War I

Kaynakça

1. Archival Sources
2. FO 371/3380, 1918, File 146 (TNA)
3. FO 371/2788 (TNA)
4. IOR/L/PS/10/463: 1 Oct 1914-8 Dec 1914, P 3136/1914 (BL)
5. IOR/L/PS/10/464: 1914-1915 P 3136/1914 (BL)
6. Mss Eur E 288: 1914-1919 (BL)
7. Published Sources
8. Ebüzziya, Ziyad, “Cihȃn-ı İslâm”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi 7, İstanbul 1993.

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