Birinci Dünya Savaşı Öncesinde Reuters ve İmparatorluk Yönetimleri: Bir Örnek Çalışma

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 129 - 144, 06.12.2019

Ceren Uçan

https://doi.org/10.30517/cihannuma.656119

Öz

Birinci Dünya Savaşı öncesinde, Havas, Wolff’s ve Reuters ajansları birçok farklı devletle gizli anlaşmalar imzalamıştır ve her birine farklı vaatlerde bulunmuştur. Bu ajanslar habere bir meta gibi davranmış ve kendilerine ödenek sağlayan tüm hükümetler ile anlaşma yapmıştır. Ajanslar, devlet yöneticilerini kendileriyle anlaşma yapmaya ikna etmek için mevcut siyasi durumdan ve imparatorluklar arasındaki gerilimden faydalanmışlardır. Bu şekilde Wolff’s, Havas ve Reuters’e karşı güçlenirken, Havas iç pazarda rakiplerine karşı üstünlük sağlamış ve Rus İmparatorluğu’ndan on yıldan uzun bir süre ödenek almıştır. Reuters ise bu yöntemle, Japon ve Britanya imparatorluklarıyla gizli anlaşmalar imzalamıştır. Ayrıca, Mısır hükümeti tarafından kendisine elli yıldan daha uzun bir süre para yardımı yapılmıştır. On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ikinci yarısından Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na kadar Avrupa’nın ilk ve en büyük üç haber ajansı Havas, Wolff’s ve Reuters, kazançlarını arttırmak için hükümetlerle anlaşma yapma politikası gütmüşlerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İmparatorluk, Havas, Kamuoyu, Reuters, Wolff’s

Destekleyen Kurum

Tübitak

Proje Numarası

2214/A

Reuters and the Goverments before The World War I: A Case Study

Öz

Before the World War I, Havas, Wolff’s, and Reuters agencies signed confidential agreements with several governments, promising to serve them in various ways. These agencies concluded contracts with any government that was willing to subsidize them, treated news as an ordinary commodity. To convince statesmen to sign agreements with them, the agencies took advantage of world politics and tensions between empires. By this way, Wolff’s overcame its vulnerability to Havas and Reuters while Havas defied competition in its home market and secured a large subsidy from the Russian Empire for more than a decade. Likewise, Reuters signed confidential agreements with the Japanese and the British empires and was subsidized by the Egyptian government for more than five decades. From the second half of the nineteenth century, until the World War I, the policy of the first and major news agencies of Europe, Havas, Wolff’s, and Reuters was to maximize their profits by signing contracts with governments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Empire, Havas, Public Opinion, Wolff's, Reuters

Proje Numarası

2214/A

Kaynakça

• Archival Documents
• Churchill Archive: CHAR 13/1/37–39, 29 Nov. 1911–30 Nov. 1911.
• Reuters Archive, RA: 1/8714059 LN 238, 1/8911601 LN 462.
• The United Kingdom National Archives, NA: HD 3/97, HD 3/109.
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