Çevresel Tahribat ve Yaşlanma İlişkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama

Öz

İklim değişikliği, çevresel bozulma ve ekolojik ayak izi tartışmaları önemli ölçüde ivme kazanmıştır. Bu anlamda ekolojik ayak izinin önemli bir bileşeni olan karbon ayak izinin anlaşılması çevresel krizin çözülmesinde oldukça önemlidir. Yaşlanan nüfus, hane halkı tüketimi ve ekonomik faaliyetlerde değişikliklere neden olmaktadır. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, yaşlanan nüfusun karbon ayak izini azaltıcı bir etkisi olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Sanayileşme, fosil yakıtların artan kullanımına ve bunun sonucunda karbon emisyonlarına yol açarken, kentleşme de daha yoğun enerji tüketimi, ulaşım ve altyapı gereksinimleri ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Yaşlanma, kentleşme ve sanayileşme süreçlerinin karbon ayak izi üzerindeki etkisi farklı gelişmişlik düzeylerine ve kalkınma aşamalarına göre farklı sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Çalışmada Türkiye’de karbon ayak izi ile yaşlanma, kentleşme ve endüstrileşme arasındaki ilişki zaman serisi analizi ile incelenmiştir. 1969-2022 yılına ait verilerden hareketle eşbütünleşme ve katsayı tahminlemesi yapılmıştır. Katsayı tahminlemesinde FMOLS yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Türkiye'de çevresel tahribat ve yaşlanma üzerine yapılan çalışmada, kentsel nüfus ve endüstriyel büyümenin karbon ayak izini artırdığı, ancak yaşlı nüfusun ayak izini azalttığına dair bulgulara ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• çevresel tahribat
• karbon ayakizi
• yaşlanma
• kentleşme
• endüstrileşme

The Link between Environmental Degradation and Aging: An Application on Türkiye

Öz

Discussions on climate change, environmental degradation, and ecological footprint have gained significant momentum. In this sense, understanding the carbon footprint, an essential component of the ecological footprint is very important in solving the environmental crisis. An aging population leads to changes in household consumption and economic activity. Especially in developing countries, an aging population has been observed to have a reducing effect on carbon footprint. Industrialization leads to increased use of fossil fuels and consequent carbon emissions, while urbanization is directly related to more intensive energy consumption, transportation, and infrastructure requirements. The impact of aging, urbanization, and industrialization processes on the carbon footprint have different consequences for different levels and stages of development. This study uses time series analysis to research the connection between carbon footprint and aging, urbanization, and industrialization in Türkiye. Cointegration and coefficient estimation were performed based on data from 1969-2022. FMOLS technique was used in coefficient estimation. The study on the environmental degradation and aging in Türkiye found that urban population and industrial growth increase the carbon footprint, but the footprint of the elderly population decreases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• environmental degradation
• carbon footprint
• aging
• urbanization
• industrialization

Kaynakça

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