Aşırı Eğitim, Eğitim-İş Uyuşmazlığı ve İran İşgücü Piyasasında Üniversite Mezunu İş Arayanların İş Becerileri

Yıl 2018, , 61 - 73, 29.12.2018

Rahim Taghizadeh

https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.421059

Öz

Bu çalışma, aşırı eğitim,
eğitim-iş uyumsuzluğu ve İran işgücü piyasasında üniversite mezunları iş
arayanların becerileri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu amaçla,
öncelikle, eğitim uyumsuzluğu ve aşırı eğitim kavramları tanıtılmaktadır. Ardından
işgücü piyasasında beceri ve eğitim uyumsuzluğu arasındaki ilişkinin kuramsal
temelleri analiz edilir. Son olarak, 2015 yılında Urmia'da özel iş bulma
ajanslarına (JFA) kayıtlı olan üniversite diplomalı yerel iş arayanlardan
alınan mikro veriler aracılığıyla bu ilişki, tahmin edilmiştir. Yükseköğretime
sahip 3481 iş başvurusunda bulunan bir nüfusun (lisans veya üstü) 366 tanesi
rastgele örneklemeye göre seçilmiştir. Bu ilişkiyi araştırmak için regresyon
analizi ve Logit modeli kullanılmıştır. Regresyon analizimizde aşırı eğitim
bağımlı değişken olarak kabul edilirken, yaş, cinsiyet ve beceri açıklayıcı
değişkenler olarak davranmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, üniversite mezunu iş
başvurusunda bulunan adayların artmakta olan yeterlilikleri ile, aşırı eğitim
ve eğitim-meslek uyumsuzluğu olasılığının arttığını, ancak yaş ile eğitim
uyumsuzluğu olasılığı arasında negatif bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aşırı eğitimleşme, eğitm-iş uyuşmazlığı, işgücü becerileri, işgücü piyasası, Üniversite mezunları

Over-education, Educational-job Mismatch, and Skills of Job seekers with Tertiary Education in the Labor Market of Iran

Öz

This
study was aimed at exploring the correlation among over-education,
educational-job mismatch and the skills of university graduate jobseekers in
the labor market of Iran. Its prime objective was to find out whether skills of
jobseekers could leave a significant effect on the reduction of educational
mismatch. To this end, at first, the concepts of educational-mismatch and
over-education are introduced. Then, the theoretical bases of the relationship
between skill and educational-mismatch in labor market are analyzed. Finally,
through micro-data taken from local jobseekers with university degrees who
registered in private job-finding agencies (JFAs) in Urmia in 2015, this relationship
was estimated in this descriptive case-study. Out of a population of 3481 job
applicants with tertiary education (bachelor’s or above degrees), 366 were
selected based on random sampling. Regression analysis and Logit model were
utilized to investigate this relationship. In our regression analysis,
over-education was considered as the dependent variable, while age, gender and
skill acted as explanatory variables. The findings of this study indicate that
with rising qualifications of the university graduate job applicants, the
possibility of over-education and education-occupation mismatch increases, but
there is negative correlation with age and probability of educational mismatch.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Labor market, Over-education, Education-job mismatch, University graduates

Kaynakça

• Alba-Ramirez, A. (1993). Mismatch in the Spanish Labor Market: Overeducation? Journal of Human Resources, 259-278.Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital Theory. Columbia, New York.Bishop, J. H. (1993). Overeducation. CAHRS Working Paper Series. Cornell University ILR School.Dolton, P., & Vignoles, A. (2000). The Incidence and Effects of Overeducation in the UK Graduate Labour Market. Economics of education review, 19(2), 179-198.Duncan, G. J., & Hoffman, S. D. (1982). The Incidence and Wage Effects of Overeducation. Economics of Education Review, 1(1), 75-86.Eriş, B. (2013). Educational Mismatch and Overeducation of College and Higher Degree Graduates in Turkey: 2008-2011. Marmara University unpublished Doctorate thesis. Freeman, R. B. (1976). The Over-Educated American. New York: Academic Press.Galasi, P. (2005). Overeducation, Undereducation and Demand. Tarki Social Report Reprint Series No 14.Gujarati, D. N., Porter D. C. (2008). Basic Econometrics, McGraw-Hill Education; 5 edition. Kler, P. (2005). Graduate Overeducation In Australia: A Comparison of the Mean and Objective Methods. Education Economics, 13(1), 47-72.Linsley, I. (2005). Causes of Overeducation in the Australian Labour Market. Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 8(2), 121–143.Mavromaras, K., McGuinness, S., O'LEARY, N. I. G. E. L., Sloane, P., & Fok, Y. K. (2010). The Problem of Overskilling in Australia and Britain. The Manchester School, 78(3), 219-241.Rumberger, R. W. (1981). The Rising Incidence of Overeducation in the US Labor Market. Economics of Education Review, 1(3), 293-314.Sicherman, N., & Galor, O. (1990). A Theory of Career Mobility. Journal of Political Economy, 98(1), 169-192.Statistics Center of Iran (2013). Detailed results of the Population and Housing Census of 2012-the whole country, Publication of Statistics Center of Iran.Statistics Center of Iran (2016). Statistical Yearbook of 2015, Publication of Statistics Center of Iran.Thurow, L. C. (1975). Generating Inequality: Mechanisms of Distribution in the US Economy. Basic Books. Sattinger, M. (1993). Assignment Models of the Distribution of Earnings. Journal of Economic Literature, 31(2), 831-880.Tsai, Y. (2010). Returns to Overeducation: A Longitudinal Analysis of the US Labor Market. Economics of Education Review, 29(4), 606-617.Verhaest, D., & Omey, E. (2009). Objective Over-Education and Worker Well-Being: A Shadow Price Approach. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(3), 469-481.