Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: 1990-2017 Türkiye Örneği

Yıl 2018, , 223 - 242, 29.12.2018

Fındık Özlem Alper

https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.466782

Cited By: 23

Öz

Günümüzde
enerji tüketiminin hızla artmasına paralel olarak alışılagelen enerji
kaynaklarının sınırlı olması, ülkeleri enerji üretim politikalarını
değiştirmeye ve alternatif enerji kaynaklarını kullanmaya teşvik etmiştir. Bu amaçla
çalışmada Türkiye’de yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı ile ekonomik büyüme
arasındaki ilişki ve ilişkinin yönü, 1990-2017 dönemi için Bayer-Hanck eş
bütünleşme testi ve Toda-Yamamoto
nedensellik testi yardımıyla incelenmektedir. Analiz sonuçları, uzun dönemde
değişkenlerin eşbütünleşik olduğunu ve yenilenebilir enerji kullanımındaki %1
birimlik artışın ekonomik büyümeyi %0.19 arttıracağını göstermiştir. Varlığı
sınanan ilişkinin yönünün tespiti amacıyla yapılan nedensellik test sonuçlarına
göre, ekonomik büyümeden yenilenebilir enerji kullanımına doğru tek yönlü bir
nedensellik vardır ve Türkiye’de koruma hipotezi geçerlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yenilenebilir enerji, ekonomik büyüme, Eş bütünleşme

The Relationship Between Renewable Energy and Economic Growth: 1990-2017 The Case Of Turkey

Öz

Along with the rapid rise in
today’s energy consumption, the scarcity of conventional energy resources have
encouraged countries to change their energy production policies and to use
alternative energy resources. For this purpose, the relationship between the
use of renewable energy and economic growth in Turkey and the direction of the
relationship is examined over the period 1990-2017 via Bayer-Hanck
co-integration test and Toda-Yamamoto causality test in the study. The analysis
results indicate that the variables are
cointegrated in the long-run, and a 1% rise in renewable energy use would increase the economic growth by
0.19%. According to the results of causality test which is performed in order to identify the direction of the relationship
whose existence is also tested, there is
a unilateral causality running from economic growth toward renewable energy
use, and therefore, conservation
hypothesis is valid for Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Renewable energy, Economic growth, Co-integration

Kaynakça

• Aslan, A., & Ocal, O. (2016). The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption in Economic Growth: Evidence from Asymmetric Causality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 953-959.
• Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2010). Renewable Energy Consumption and Growth in Eurasia. Energy Economics, 32(6), 1392-1397.
• Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2011). The Renewable Energy Consumption–Growth nexus in Central America. Applied Energy, 88(1), 343-347.
• Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2012). Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption-Growth nexus: Evidence from a Panel Error Correction Model. Energy Economics, 34(3), 733-738.
• Apergis, N., & Danuletiu, D. C. (2014). Renewable Energy and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Sign of Panel Long-run Causality. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4(4), 578-587.
• Banerjee, A., Dolado, J., & Mestre, R. (1998). Error‐correction Mechanism Tests for Cointegration in a Single‐equation Framework. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 19(3), 267-283.
• Bayer, C., & Hanck, C. (2013). Combining Non‐cointegration tests. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 34(1), 83-95.
• Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S. R., Ozturk, I., & Bhattacharya, S. (2016). The Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: Evidence from Top 38 Countries. Applied Energy, 162, 733-741.
• Boswijk, H. P. (1994). Testing for an Unstable Root in Conditional and Structural Error Correction Models. Journal of Econometrics, 63(1), 37-60.
• Bulut, U., & Muratoglu, G. (2018). Renewable Energy in Turkey: Great Potential, Low but Increasing Utilization, and an Empirical Analysis on Renewable Energy-Growth nexus. Energy Policy, 123, 240-250.
• Destek, M. A., & Aslan, A. (2017). Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Bootstrap Panel Causality. Renewable Energy, 111, 757-763.
• Dogan, E. (2016). Analyzing the Linkage between Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth by Considering Structural Break in Time-series Data. Renewable Energy, 99, 1126-1136.
• Elliott, G., Jansson, M., & Pesavento, E. (2005). Optimal Power for Testing Potential Cointegrating Vectors with Known Parameters for Nonstationarity. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 23(1), 34-48.
• Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. (1987). Co-integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 251-276.
• Farhani, S., Shahbaz, M., & Ozturk, I. (2014). Coal Consumption, Industrial Production and CO2 Emissions in China and India (No. 2014-225).
• Govindaraju, V. C., & Tang, C. F. (2013). The Dynamic Links between CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth and Coal Consumption in China and India. Applied Energy, 104, 310-318.
• IEA (2009). World Energy Outlook. International Energy Agency. Paris, France.
• Inglesi-Lotz, R. (2016). The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption to Economic Growth: A Panel Data Application. Energy Economics, 53, 58-63.
• Ito, K. (2017). CO2 Emissions, Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Panel Data for Developing Countries. International Economics, 151, 1-6.
• Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 231-254.
• Kahia, M., Aïssa, M. S. B., & Lanouar, C. (2017). Renewable and Non-renewable Energy use-Economic Growth nexus: The Case of MENA Net Oil Importing Countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 71, 127-140.
• Koçak, E., & Şarkgüneşi, A. (2017). The Renewable Energy and Economic Growth nexus in Black Sea and Balkan Countries. Energy Policy, 100, 51-57.
• Kraft, J., & Kraft, A. (1978). On the Relationship between Energy and GNP. The Journal of Energy and Development, 401-403.
• Kula, F. (2014). The Long-run Relationship between Renewable Electricity Consumption and GDP: Evidence from Panel Data. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 9(2), 156-160.
• Marques, A. C., & Fuinhas, J. A. (2012). Is Renewable Energy Effective in Promoting Growth?. Energy Policy, 46, 434-442.
• Menegaki, A. N. (2011). Growth and Renewable Energy in Europe: A Random Effect Model with Evidence for Neutrality Hypothesis. Energy Economics, 33(2), 257-263.
• Ocal, O., & Aslan, A. (2013). Renewable Energy Consumption–Economic Growth nexus in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28, 494-499.
• Rafindadi, A. A., & Ozturk, I. (2017). Impacts of Renewable Energy Consumption on the German Economic Growth: Evidence from Combined Cointegration Test. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75, 1130-1141.
• Salim, R. A., Hassan, K., & Shafiei, S. (2014). Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Activities: Further Evidence from OECD Countries. Energy Economics, 44, 350-360.
• Shahbaz, M., Loganathan, N., Zeshan, M., & Zaman, K. (2015). Does Renewable Energy Consumption add in Economic Growth? An application of Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Model in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 576-585.
• Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.
• Tugcu, C. T., Ozturk, I., & Aslan, A. (2012). Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Relationship Revisited: Evidence from G7 Countries. Energy Economics, 34(6), 1942-1950.