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AB SINIR GÜVENLİĞİ POLİTİKALARINDA İNSAN HAKLARINA SAYGI VE GÜVENLİK İKİLEMİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 306 - 325, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1079600

Öz

Düzensiz göç dünya siyasetinin en önemli sorunlarından biridir. Özellikle sınırda yer alan devletler için bu aynı zamanda ciddi bir güvenlik sorunudur. Bu bağlamda, devletlerin sınır yönetimini yüksek güvenlik açısından ele alma eğilimleri bulunmaktadır. Ancak, bu davranış bazı durumlarda özellikle mültecilere karşı en temel insan haklarına saygıyı riske atmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı “sınır yönetimi mekanizmaları aynı anda hem etkin sınır kontrolü ve hem de düzensiz sınır ihlali yapan kişilerin insan haklarına saygıyı ne kadar garantileyebilir?” sorusuna cevap bulmaktır. Bu çalışmada sınır yönetimi ve insan hakları kavramları arasında bir eşitsizlik olduğu, bunun Avrupa Birliği’nin Yunanistan-Türkiye kara sınırındaki sınır yönetimi inisiyatiflerinde görülebileceği savunulmuştur. FRONTEX ve onun RABIT operasyonu eleştirel olarak incelenecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Baldaccini, A. (2010), Extraterritorial Border Controls in the EU: The Role of Frontex in Operations at Sea, in Ryan, B. & Mitsilegas, V. (eds) (2010), Extraterritorial Immigration Control: Legal Challenges, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 229-255.
  • Balzacq, T., Carrera, S. (2005), Migration, Borders and Asylum: Trends and Vulnerabilities in EU Policy, Brussels: CEPS.
  • Basaran, T. (2008), Security, Law, Borders: Spaces of Exclusion, International Political Sociology, 2:4, 339-354.
  • Basaran, T. (2011), Security, Law and Borders: At the limits of liberties, New York: Routledge.
  • Bigo, D. (2005), Frontier Controls in the European Union: Who is in Control?, in Bigo, D., Guild, E. (eds) (2005), Controlling Frontiers: Free Movement to and Within Europe, London: Ashgate, 49-99.
  • Bigo, D., Guild, E. (2005), Introduction: Policing in the Name of Freedom, in Bigo, D., Guild, E. (eds) (2005), Controlling Frontiers: Free Movement to and Within Europe, London: Ashgate, 1-13.
  • Brouwer, E. (2010), Extraterritorial Migration Control and Human Rights: Preserving the responsibility of the EU and its Member States, in Ryan, B. & Mitsilegas, V. (eds) (2010), Extraterritorial Immigration Control: Legal Challenges, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 199-228.
  • Carrera, S. (2007), The EU Border Management Strategy: FRONTEX and the challenges of irregular migration in the Canary Islands, CEPS Working Document, No:261, 1-32.
  • Carrera, S. & Guild, E. (2010), Joint Operation RABIT 2010- FRONTEX Assistance to Greece’s Border with Turkey: Revealing the Deficiencies of Europe’s Dublin Asylum System, CEPS, No:34, 1-16.
  • Commission of the European Communities (2002), Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: Towards Integrated Management of the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union, COM (2002) 233 final, Brussels, 7/05/2002, Retrieved April 2012 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2002:0233:FIN:EN:PDF
  • Commission of the European Communities (2003), Proposal for a Council Regulation establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operation Co-operation at the External Borders, COM (2003) 687 final/2, Brussels, 20/11/2003, Retrieved April 2012 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2003:0687:FIN:EN:PDF
  • Council of the European Union (2006), Integrated Border Management; Strategy deliberations, doc.13926/3/06, Brussels, 21/11/2006, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.europa-nu.nl/9353000/1/j4nvgs5kjg27kof_j9vvikqpopjt8zm/vi7jgt4r93za
  • Den Heijer, M. (2010), Europe beyond its Borders: Refugee and Human Rights Protection in Extraterritorial Immigration Control, in Ryan, B. & Mitsilegas, V. (eds) (2010), Extraterritorial Immigration Control: Legal Challenges, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 169-198.
  • European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) (2011), “Public statement concerning Greece”, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.cpt.coe.int/documents/grc/2011-10-inf-eng.htm
  • European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) and Amnesty International (2010), “ECRE and Amnesty International Joint Briefing on the Commission proposal to amend Frontex Regulation”, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.ecre.org/topics/areas-of-work/access-to-europe/94-ecre-and-amnesty-international-joint-briefing-on-the-commission-proposal-to-amend-the-frontex-regulation.html
  • European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) (2010), Stop sending asylum seekers to Greece, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.ecre.org/media/news/press-releases.html
  • European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) (2011), The European Court of Human Rights condemns Belgium and Greece, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.ecre.org/media/news/press-releases.html
  • European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) (2011), Coping with a fundamental rights emergency: The situation of persons crossing the Greek land border in an irregular manner, Thematic Situation Report, Retrieved April 2012 from http://fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/attachments/Greek-border-situation-report2011_EN.pdf
  • FRONTEX (2011), RABIT Operation 2010 Evaluation Report, Warsaw: FRONTEX
  • Hobbing, P. (2005), Integrated Border Management at the EU Level, CEPS Working Document, No:225, 1-26.
  • Human Right Watch (2008), Greece/Turkey: Stuck in a Revolving Door Iraqis and Other Asylum Seekers and Migrants at the Greece/Turkey Entrance to the European Union, Retrieved March 2012 from http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/greeceturkey1108web_0.pdf
  • Human Right Watch (2009), World Report 2009; European Union: Events of 2008, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2009/european-union
  • Human Right Watch (2010), World Report 2010; European Union: Events of 2009, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2010/european-union
  • Human Rights Watch (2011), The EU’s Dirty Hands: Frontex Involvement in Ill-Treatment of Migrant Detainees in Greece, Retrieved March 2012 from http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/greece0911webwcover_0.pdf
  • Human Right Watch (2012), World Report 2012; European Union: Events of 2011, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2012/world-report-2012-european-union
  • Huymans, J. (2000), The European Union and the Securitization of Migration, Journal of Common Market Studies, 38:5, 751-77.
  • Huysmans, J. (2006), The Politics of Insecurity: Fear, migration and asylum in the EU, New York: Routledge.
  • Jorry, H. (2007), Construction of a European Institutional Model for Managing Operational Cooperation at the EU’s External Borders: Is the FRONTEX agency a decisive step forward?, CEPS Challenge Research Paper, No:6, 1-32.
  • Karamanidou, L. & Kasparek, B. (2020a), Fundamental Rights, Accountability and Transparency in European Governance of Migration: The Case of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency FRONTEX, RESPOND Working Papers, 2020:59, 1-106. Retrieved January 2022 from https://respondmigration.com/wp-blog/fundamental-rights-accountability-transparency-european-governance-of-migration-the-case-european-border-coast-guard-agency-frontex
  • Karamanidou, L. & Kasparek, B. (2020b), What is FRONTEX doing about illegal pushbacks in Evros, Retrieved January 2022 from https://respondmigration.com/blog-1/what-is-frontex-doing-about-illegal-pushbacks-in-evros
  • Léonard, S. (2010), EU border security and migration into the European Union: FRONTEX and securitisation through practices, European Security, 19:2, 231-254.
  • Marenin, O. (2010), Challenges for Integrated Border Management in the European Union, Occasional Paper No:17, Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF).
  • Monar, J. (2005), The European Union’s ‘Integrated Management’ of External Borders, in DeBardeleben, J. (eds) (2005), Soft or Hard Borders? Managing the Divide in an Enlarged Europe, Aldershot: Ashgate, 145-164.
  • Monar, J. (2006), The Project of a European Border Guard: Origins, Models and Prospects in the Context of the EU’s Integrated External Border Management, in Caparini, M. and Maranin, O. (eds) (2006), Borders and Security Governance: Managing Borders in a Globalised World, Geneva: DCAF, pp.193-208.
  • Moser, C. (2020), A very short introduction to FRONTEX: Unrevealing the trajectory of one of the EU’s key actors, 20/03/2020, Retrieved January 2022 from https://www.mpg.de/14588889/frontex
  • Official Journal of the European Union (2004), Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26 October establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union, Retrieved April 2012 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2004:349:0001:0011:EN:PDF
  • Official Journal of the European Union (2007), Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 establishing mechanism for the creation of Rabid Border Intervention Teams and amending Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 as regards that mechanism and regulating the tasks and powers of guest officers, Retrieved March 2012 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:199:0030:0039:EN:PDF
  • Official Journal of the European Union (2011), Regulation (EU) No 1168/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union, L 304/1, 22/11/2011.
  • Official Journal of the European Union (2016), Regulation (EU) No 2016/1624 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2016 on the European Border and Coast Guard amending Regulation (EU) 2016/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 and Council Decision 2005/267/EC, L 251/1, 16/09/2016.
  • Official Journal of the European Union (2019), Regulation (EU) No 2019/1896 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2019 on the European Border and Coast Guard and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1052/2013 and (EU) 2016/1624, L 195/1, 14/11/2019.
  • Ucarer, E (2001), Managing Asylum and European Integration: Expanding Spheres of Exclusion, International Studies Perspectives, 2(3), 288-304.
  • Ulusoy, O., Baldwin-Edwards, M., & Last, T. (2019), Border policies and migrant deaths at the Turkish-Greek border, New Perspectives on Turkey, 60:2019, 3-32.
  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2010), Asylum situation in Greece is ‘a humanitarian crisis’, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.unhcr.org/4c98a0ac9.html

THE DILEMMA BETWEEN RESPECTING HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN THE EU BORDER MANAGEMENT POLICIES

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 306 - 325, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1079600

Öz

Irregular migration is one of salient problems in world politics. In particular, for border states, it even causes a serious security problem. In this regard, they have a tendency to link border management to a high security perspective. However, this attitude in some cases risk respecting fundamental human rights in particular for migrants. The aim of this article is to find the answer to the question of ‘to what extent do mechanisms in the field of “border management” guarantee at the same time the conduct of effective border controls and the respect of the fundamental rights of persons intercepted while crossing the border irregularly?’. It is argued that there is an inequality between border management and human rights and this can be seen in the European Union’s border management initiatives in the land border between Greece and Turkey. FRONTEX and its RABIT operation are critically examined.

Kaynakça

  • Baldaccini, A. (2010), Extraterritorial Border Controls in the EU: The Role of Frontex in Operations at Sea, in Ryan, B. & Mitsilegas, V. (eds) (2010), Extraterritorial Immigration Control: Legal Challenges, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 229-255.
  • Balzacq, T., Carrera, S. (2005), Migration, Borders and Asylum: Trends and Vulnerabilities in EU Policy, Brussels: CEPS.
  • Basaran, T. (2008), Security, Law, Borders: Spaces of Exclusion, International Political Sociology, 2:4, 339-354.
  • Basaran, T. (2011), Security, Law and Borders: At the limits of liberties, New York: Routledge.
  • Bigo, D. (2005), Frontier Controls in the European Union: Who is in Control?, in Bigo, D., Guild, E. (eds) (2005), Controlling Frontiers: Free Movement to and Within Europe, London: Ashgate, 49-99.
  • Bigo, D., Guild, E. (2005), Introduction: Policing in the Name of Freedom, in Bigo, D., Guild, E. (eds) (2005), Controlling Frontiers: Free Movement to and Within Europe, London: Ashgate, 1-13.
  • Brouwer, E. (2010), Extraterritorial Migration Control and Human Rights: Preserving the responsibility of the EU and its Member States, in Ryan, B. & Mitsilegas, V. (eds) (2010), Extraterritorial Immigration Control: Legal Challenges, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 199-228.
  • Carrera, S. (2007), The EU Border Management Strategy: FRONTEX and the challenges of irregular migration in the Canary Islands, CEPS Working Document, No:261, 1-32.
  • Carrera, S. & Guild, E. (2010), Joint Operation RABIT 2010- FRONTEX Assistance to Greece’s Border with Turkey: Revealing the Deficiencies of Europe’s Dublin Asylum System, CEPS, No:34, 1-16.
  • Commission of the European Communities (2002), Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: Towards Integrated Management of the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union, COM (2002) 233 final, Brussels, 7/05/2002, Retrieved April 2012 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2002:0233:FIN:EN:PDF
  • Commission of the European Communities (2003), Proposal for a Council Regulation establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operation Co-operation at the External Borders, COM (2003) 687 final/2, Brussels, 20/11/2003, Retrieved April 2012 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2003:0687:FIN:EN:PDF
  • Council of the European Union (2006), Integrated Border Management; Strategy deliberations, doc.13926/3/06, Brussels, 21/11/2006, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.europa-nu.nl/9353000/1/j4nvgs5kjg27kof_j9vvikqpopjt8zm/vi7jgt4r93za
  • Den Heijer, M. (2010), Europe beyond its Borders: Refugee and Human Rights Protection in Extraterritorial Immigration Control, in Ryan, B. & Mitsilegas, V. (eds) (2010), Extraterritorial Immigration Control: Legal Challenges, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 169-198.
  • European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) (2011), “Public statement concerning Greece”, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.cpt.coe.int/documents/grc/2011-10-inf-eng.htm
  • European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) and Amnesty International (2010), “ECRE and Amnesty International Joint Briefing on the Commission proposal to amend Frontex Regulation”, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.ecre.org/topics/areas-of-work/access-to-europe/94-ecre-and-amnesty-international-joint-briefing-on-the-commission-proposal-to-amend-the-frontex-regulation.html
  • European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) (2010), Stop sending asylum seekers to Greece, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.ecre.org/media/news/press-releases.html
  • European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) (2011), The European Court of Human Rights condemns Belgium and Greece, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.ecre.org/media/news/press-releases.html
  • European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) (2011), Coping with a fundamental rights emergency: The situation of persons crossing the Greek land border in an irregular manner, Thematic Situation Report, Retrieved April 2012 from http://fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/attachments/Greek-border-situation-report2011_EN.pdf
  • FRONTEX (2011), RABIT Operation 2010 Evaluation Report, Warsaw: FRONTEX
  • Hobbing, P. (2005), Integrated Border Management at the EU Level, CEPS Working Document, No:225, 1-26.
  • Human Right Watch (2008), Greece/Turkey: Stuck in a Revolving Door Iraqis and Other Asylum Seekers and Migrants at the Greece/Turkey Entrance to the European Union, Retrieved March 2012 from http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/greeceturkey1108web_0.pdf
  • Human Right Watch (2009), World Report 2009; European Union: Events of 2008, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2009/european-union
  • Human Right Watch (2010), World Report 2010; European Union: Events of 2009, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2010/european-union
  • Human Rights Watch (2011), The EU’s Dirty Hands: Frontex Involvement in Ill-Treatment of Migrant Detainees in Greece, Retrieved March 2012 from http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/greece0911webwcover_0.pdf
  • Human Right Watch (2012), World Report 2012; European Union: Events of 2011, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2012/world-report-2012-european-union
  • Huymans, J. (2000), The European Union and the Securitization of Migration, Journal of Common Market Studies, 38:5, 751-77.
  • Huysmans, J. (2006), The Politics of Insecurity: Fear, migration and asylum in the EU, New York: Routledge.
  • Jorry, H. (2007), Construction of a European Institutional Model for Managing Operational Cooperation at the EU’s External Borders: Is the FRONTEX agency a decisive step forward?, CEPS Challenge Research Paper, No:6, 1-32.
  • Karamanidou, L. & Kasparek, B. (2020a), Fundamental Rights, Accountability and Transparency in European Governance of Migration: The Case of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency FRONTEX, RESPOND Working Papers, 2020:59, 1-106. Retrieved January 2022 from https://respondmigration.com/wp-blog/fundamental-rights-accountability-transparency-european-governance-of-migration-the-case-european-border-coast-guard-agency-frontex
  • Karamanidou, L. & Kasparek, B. (2020b), What is FRONTEX doing about illegal pushbacks in Evros, Retrieved January 2022 from https://respondmigration.com/blog-1/what-is-frontex-doing-about-illegal-pushbacks-in-evros
  • Léonard, S. (2010), EU border security and migration into the European Union: FRONTEX and securitisation through practices, European Security, 19:2, 231-254.
  • Marenin, O. (2010), Challenges for Integrated Border Management in the European Union, Occasional Paper No:17, Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF).
  • Monar, J. (2005), The European Union’s ‘Integrated Management’ of External Borders, in DeBardeleben, J. (eds) (2005), Soft or Hard Borders? Managing the Divide in an Enlarged Europe, Aldershot: Ashgate, 145-164.
  • Monar, J. (2006), The Project of a European Border Guard: Origins, Models and Prospects in the Context of the EU’s Integrated External Border Management, in Caparini, M. and Maranin, O. (eds) (2006), Borders and Security Governance: Managing Borders in a Globalised World, Geneva: DCAF, pp.193-208.
  • Moser, C. (2020), A very short introduction to FRONTEX: Unrevealing the trajectory of one of the EU’s key actors, 20/03/2020, Retrieved January 2022 from https://www.mpg.de/14588889/frontex
  • Official Journal of the European Union (2004), Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26 October establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union, Retrieved April 2012 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2004:349:0001:0011:EN:PDF
  • Official Journal of the European Union (2007), Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 establishing mechanism for the creation of Rabid Border Intervention Teams and amending Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 as regards that mechanism and regulating the tasks and powers of guest officers, Retrieved March 2012 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:199:0030:0039:EN:PDF
  • Official Journal of the European Union (2011), Regulation (EU) No 1168/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union, L 304/1, 22/11/2011.
  • Official Journal of the European Union (2016), Regulation (EU) No 2016/1624 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2016 on the European Border and Coast Guard amending Regulation (EU) 2016/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 and Council Decision 2005/267/EC, L 251/1, 16/09/2016.
  • Official Journal of the European Union (2019), Regulation (EU) No 2019/1896 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2019 on the European Border and Coast Guard and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1052/2013 and (EU) 2016/1624, L 195/1, 14/11/2019.
  • Ucarer, E (2001), Managing Asylum and European Integration: Expanding Spheres of Exclusion, International Studies Perspectives, 2(3), 288-304.
  • Ulusoy, O., Baldwin-Edwards, M., & Last, T. (2019), Border policies and migrant deaths at the Turkish-Greek border, New Perspectives on Turkey, 60:2019, 3-32.
  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2010), Asylum situation in Greece is ‘a humanitarian crisis’, Retrieved April 2012 from http://www.unhcr.org/4c98a0ac9.html
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Pinar Akgul 0000-0001-8184-3103

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Akgul, P. (2022). THE DILEMMA BETWEEN RESPECTING HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN THE EU BORDER MANAGEMENT POLICIES. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 306-325. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1079600
AMA Akgul P. THE DILEMMA BETWEEN RESPECTING HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN THE EU BORDER MANAGEMENT POLICIES. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. Haziran 2022;12(1):306-325. doi:10.18074/ckuiibfd.1079600
Chicago Akgul, Pinar. “THE DILEMMA BETWEEN RESPECTING HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN THE EU BORDER MANAGEMENT POLICIES”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 12, sy. 1 (Haziran 2022): 306-25. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1079600.
EndNote Akgul P (01 Haziran 2022) THE DILEMMA BETWEEN RESPECTING HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN THE EU BORDER MANAGEMENT POLICIES. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 12 1 306–325.
IEEE P. Akgul, “THE DILEMMA BETWEEN RESPECTING HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN THE EU BORDER MANAGEMENT POLICIES”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 1, ss. 306–325, 2022, doi: 10.18074/ckuiibfd.1079600.
ISNAD Akgul, Pinar. “THE DILEMMA BETWEEN RESPECTING HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN THE EU BORDER MANAGEMENT POLICIES”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 12/1 (Haziran 2022), 306-325. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1079600.
JAMA Akgul P. THE DILEMMA BETWEEN RESPECTING HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN THE EU BORDER MANAGEMENT POLICIES. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;12:306–325.
MLA Akgul, Pinar. “THE DILEMMA BETWEEN RESPECTING HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN THE EU BORDER MANAGEMENT POLICIES”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 306-25, doi:10.18074/ckuiibfd.1079600.
Vancouver Akgul P. THE DILEMMA BETWEEN RESPECTING HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN THE EU BORDER MANAGEMENT POLICIES. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;12(1):306-25.