Dijital Vatandaşlık ve Siber Zorbalık Arasındaki İlişkide Aleksitiminin Düzenleyici Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 931 - 952, 30.10.2023

Kerem Kaptangil , İrem Kaptangil

https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1302545

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, dijital vatandaşlık ve sanal zorbalık arasındaki ilişkide aleksitiminin düzenleyici rolünü araştırmaktır. Bu nedenle, sanal ortamı daha çok kullandığı düşünülen 18-25 yaş arasındaki gençlerden oluşan üniversite öğrencileri araştırma evreni olarak belirlenmiştir. Online anket yönteminin uygulandığı bu çalışmada basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemi ile yurtiçindeki 4 ayrı üniversiteden elde edilen 387 öğrenciye ait veri analiz edilmiştir. SmartPLS 4.0 programından yararlanılan bu çalışmada Kısmi En Küçük Kareler Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, dijital vatandaşlık davranışı ve siber zorbalık arasında negatif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunurken, aleksitimi değişkeninin de bu ilişkide negatif yönde, zayıf ancak anlamlı bir düzenleyici etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dijital Vatandaşlık, Siber Zorbalık, Aleksitimi

Kaynakça

• Anderson, J.C. ve Gerbing, D.W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423.
• Arıcak, O.T. (2009). Psychiatric symptomatology as a predictor of cyberbullying among university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 34, 167-184.
• Arıcak, T., Siyahhan, S., Uzunhasanoğlu, A., Sarıbeyoğlu, S., Çıplak, S., Yılmaz, N. ve Mehmedov, C. (2008). Cyberbullying among Turkish adolescents. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 11(3), 253-261.
• Baymur, F. (1983). Genel Psikoloji. İstanbul: İnkılap ve Aka Kitabevi.
• Belsey, B. (2005). Cyberbullying.ca. http://www.cyberbullying.ca. Erişim tarihi. 15.11.2022
• Betts, L.R. (2015). Cyber bullying behaviours. Khosrow-Pour, M. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology (s. 6727–6735) içinde. IGI Global
• Campbell, M. A. (2005). Cyber bullying: An Old Problem in A New Guise? Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling. 15(1), 68-76.
• Chin, W. (1998). The partial least squares for structural equation modeling, Marcoulides, G.A. (Ed.), Modern Methods For Business Research (s. 295-336) içinde. New York, Psychology Press.
• Cortina, J.M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98-104.
• Çiftçi, S. ve Sakallı H. (2016). Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının dijital vatandaşlık düzeyleri ile siber zorbalık eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama, 6(2), 100-119.
• Dereboy, İ. (1990). Aleksitimi: Bir gözden geçirme. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 1(3), 157-65.
• Dilmaç, B. (2009). Sanal zorbalığı yordayan psikolojik ihtiyaçlar: Lisans öğrencileri için bir ön çalışma. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 9(3), 1291-1325.
• Dooley, J.J., Pyżalski, J. ve Cross, D. (2009). Cyberbullying versus face-to-face bullying: A theoretical and conceptual review. Journal of Psychology, 217(4), 182-188.
• Dunteman, G.H. (1989). Principal Component Analysis. Quantitative Applcations in the Social Sciences Series. Newbury Park, Sage Publications.
• Erdur-Baker, Ö. ve Kavşut, F. (2007). A new face of peer bullying: Cyber bullying. Journal of Euroasian Educational Research, 7(27), 31-42.
• Esen, Ü.B. ve Esen, F. (2021). Siber zorbalığın çalışanların işe tutkunluk ve tükenmişlik düzeylerine etkisi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 45-68.
• Farmer, L. (2010). 21. Century standarts for ınformation literacy. Leadership, 39(4), 20-22.
• Farmer, L. (2011). Digital citizen. http://ecitizenship.csla.net. Erişim tarihi. 02.12.2022
• Fornell C. ve Lacker F. (1981). Structural Equation Models With Unobservable Variables And Measurement Error: Algebra And Statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388.
• Gini, G., Card, N.A. ve Pozzoli, T. (2018). A meta-analysis of the differential relations of traditional and cyber-victimization with ınternalizing problems. Aggressive Behavior, 44(2), 185-198.
• Goerlich, K.S. (2018). The multifaceted natüre of alexithymia - a neuroscientific perspective. Front. Psychol. 9, 1614. Gold, A., Malhotra, A. ve Segars, A. (2001). Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 185-214.
• Graeme T., Bagby, M. ve Parker J. (1981). The twenty-item toronto alexithymia scale-II. convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(1), 33-40
• Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. ve Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. Upper Saddle River, Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Hinduja, S. ve Patchin, J.W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 129-156.
• Hinduja, S. ve Patchin, J.W. (2015). Cyberbullying and sexting: Law enforcement perceptions. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 84(6), 1-10.
• Hinduja, S. ve Patchin, J.W. (2018). Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among middle-school students: A latent class analysis. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(1), 166-180.
• Horzum, M.B ve Ayas, T. (2014). Orta öğretim öğrencilerin psikolojik belirtilere göre sanal zorba ve sanal mağdur düzeylerinin yordanması. Online Journal Of Technology Addiction and Cyberbullying, 1(2), 21-36.
• ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education). (2007). ISTE standards: Students. http://www.iste.org/docs/pdfs/20- 14_ISTE_Standards-S_PDF.pdf. Erişim tarihi. 18.11.2022
• Levickaite, R. (2010). Generations X, Y, Z: How social networks form the concept of the world without borders (the case of Lithuania). LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics, 3(2), s.170-183.
• Li, Q. (2007a). Bullying in the new playground: Research into cyberbullying and cyber victimisation. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 23(4), 435-454.
• Li, Q. (2007b). Cyberbullying in schools: A research of gender differences. School Psychology International, 28(5), 574-586.
• Marchetti, D., Verrocchio, M.C., Pozzoli, T. ve Fulcheri, M. (2018). Alexithymia and cyberbullying: A correlational study. Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 164-169.
• Mishna, F., Khoury-Kassabri, M., Gadalla, T. ve Daciuk, J. (2012). Risk factors for ınvolvement in cyber bullying: victims, bullies and bully-victims. Children And Youth Services Review, 34(1), 63-70.
• Mossberger K., Tolbert, C.J. ve McNeal, R.S. (2008). Digital Citizenship: The Internet, Society, and Participation. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
• Notar, C.E., Padgett, S. ve Roden, J. (2013). Cyberbullying: A review of the literature. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 1(1), 1-9.
• Nunnally, J. C. (1967). Psychometric Theory. New York, McGraw-Hill.
• Nunnally, J.C. ve Bernstein, I.R. (1994), Psychometric Theory. New York, Mcgraw-Hill.
• Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at School: What we know and what we can do. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. Olweus, D. (2003). A profile of bullying at school. Educational Leadership, 60(6), 12- 17.
• Olweus, D. ve Limber, S.P. (2018). Some problems with cyberbullying research. Current opinion in psychology, 19, 139-143.
• Orue, I., Calvete, E., Gamez-Guadix, M. ve De Arroyabe, E.L. (2018). The role of emotional intelligence and alexithymia in the development of victimization and perpetration of bullying among adolescents. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 15(2), 229-242.
• Öztürk, C. (2019). 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin dijital vatandaşlık düzeyleri ile siber zorbalık eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
• Pallant, J. (2013) SPSS Survival Manual. A Step By Step Guide To Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS. Open University Press, Berkshire.
• Patchin, J.W. ve Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies move beyond the school yard: A preliminary look at cyber bullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4(2), 148-169.
• Patchin, J.W. ve Hinduja, S. (2018). Digital citizenship and online peer aggression: A descriptive analysis of the role of technology in youth violence. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 34(1), 1-18.
• Raskauskas, J. ve Stoltz, A.D. (2007). Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 564-575.
• Ribble, M. (2011). Digital citizenship in schools. Washington, DC: International Society for Technology in Education.
• Ribble, M.S., Bailey, G. D. ve Ross, T.W. (2004). Digital citizenship: Addressing appropriate technology behavior. Learning & Leading with technology, 32(1), 6-12.
• Schneider, S.K., O'Donnell, L., Stueve, A. ve Coulter, R.W. (2012). Cyberbullying, school bullying, and psychological distress: A regional census of high school students. American Journal of Public Health, 102(1), 171-177.
• Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods For Business: A Skill-Building Approach. 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
• Sharp, S., Smith, P.K. ve Smith, P. (1994). School bullying :Insights and perspectives. London: Routledge.
• Sifneos, P.E. (1972a). Is dynamic psychotherapy contraindicated for a large number of patients with psychosomatic diseases? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 21(1-6), 133-36.
• Sifneos, P.E. (1972b). Short-term psychotherapy and emotional crisis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• Sifneos, P.E. (1988). Alexithymia and its relationship to hemispheric specialization, affect, and creativity. Psychiatric Clinics, 11(3), 287-292.
• Slonje, R. ve Smith, P.K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(2), 147-154.
• Slonje, R., Smith, P.K. ve Frisén, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers in human behavior, 29(1), 26-32.
• Som Vural, S. (2016). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Bakış Açısıyla Dijital Vatandaşlık Göstergelerinin İncelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Eskişehir Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
• Soriani, A. (2018). From media education to digital citizenship: Origins, perspectives and policy ımplementations in the school systems across europe. Journal of Theories and Research in Education, 13(3), 85-122.
• Şahin, H. (1991). Peptik ülser ve aleksitimi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2(3), 25-30.
• Tabachnick, B.G. ve Fidell, L.S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, Pearson.
• Tanrıkulu, İ., (2015). The Relationships Between Cyber Bullying Perpetration Motives And Personality Traits: Testing Uses And Gratifications Theory. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara.
• Taylor, G.J. (1993). Is alexithymia a non nevrotik personality dimension, a response rubin grasso, sannino. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 66(3),281-287.
• Taylor, G.J., Bagby, R.M., Parker, J.D. (1991). The alexithymia construct: a potential paradigm for psychosomatic medicine. Psychosomatics, 32(2), 153-64.
• Thomas, S.N. (2018). Promoting digital citizenship in first-year students: Framing information literacy as a tool to help peers. College and Undergraduate Libraries, 25(1), 52-64.
• Tinsley, H.E.A. ve Brown, S.D. (2000). Handbook Of Applied Multivariate Statistics And Mathematical Modeling. Academic Press, USA, 345.
• Tokunaga, R.S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 277-287.
• Topçu, Ç. (2008). The relationship of cyber bullying to empathy, gender, traditional bullying, internet use and adult monitoring, (Unpublished Master Dissertation), MiddleEast Technical University, Ankara.
• Toraman, L. ve Usta, E. (2018). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin dijital yerli ve siber zorba olma durumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Education Faculty, 37(2), 57-77.
• Veenstra, R., Lindenberg, S., Oldehinkel, A.J., De Winter, A.F., Verhulst, F.C. ve Ormel, J. (2005). Bullying and victimization in elementary schools: A comparison of bullies, victims, bully/victims, and uninvolved preadolescents. Developmental Psychology, 41(4), 672-682.
• Vernucci, P., Scardaccione, E. ve Moroni, F. (2020). Digital technology and alexithymia in adolescence. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process And Outcome, 23(2), 240-249.
• Ybarra, M. L., Diener-West, M. ve Leaf, P. J. (2007). Examining the overlap in Internet harassment and school bullying: Implications for school intervention. Journal of Adolescent health, 41(6), S42-S50.
• Ybarra, L.M. ve Mitchell, K.J. (2004). Youth engage in online harassment: Associations with caregiver-child relationships, internet use, and personal characteristics. Journal of Adolescence, 27(3), 319-336.