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Examining the factors that affect the survival and success of new ventures in the context of an emerging market through qualitative comparative analysis: Turkish startup ecosystem

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 1158 - 1180, 30.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1351597

Öz

This study aims to investigate the factors that affect the survival and success of new ventures in the context of an emerging market. It proposes a set of environmental, organizational and founder characteristics that may affect these outcomes applies qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to investigate how these factors affect these two outcomes. The empirical setting is the Turkish startup ecosystem. The findings suggest that survival and success (early-stage merger or acquisition) are affected by complex relationships between factors at different levels. Different combinations of these factors provide alternative pathways to these outcomes. Survival is possible with the effective use of local capabilities while having global capabilities play a greater role in achieving early-stage merger or acquisition.

Kaynakça

  • Ahlers, G. K., Cumming, D., Günther, C. ve Schweizer, D. (2015), “Signaling in equity crowdfunding”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(4), 955-980.
  • Ahlstrom, D. ve Bruton, G. D. (2006), “Venture capital in emerging economies: Networks and institutional change”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(2), 299-320.
  • Armanios, D.E., Eesley, C.E., Li, J. ve Eisenhardt, K.M. (2017), “How entrepreneurs leverage institutional intermediaries in emerging economies to acquire public resources”, Strategic Management Journal, 38(7), 1373-1390.
  • Atomico (2018), “The state of European tech 2018”, https://2018.stateofeuropeantech.com/, Atomico (Erişim Tarihi: 01.03. 2022).
  • Barney, J. B. (2020), “Measuring firm performance in a way that is consistent with strategic management theory”. Academy of Management Discoveries, 6(1): 5-7.
  • Baron, R. A. ve Ensley, M. D. (2006), “Opportunity recognition as the detection of meaningful patterns: Evidence from comparisons of novice and experienced entrepreneurs”, Management Science, 52(9), 1331-1344.
  • Berger, E.S. ve Köhn, A. (2020), “Exploring the differences in early-stage start-up valuation across countries: an institutional perspective”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(1), 327-344.
  • Cao, Z. ve Shi, X. (2021), “A systematic literature review of entrepreneurial ecosystems in advanced and emerging economies”, Small Business Economics, 57(1), 75-110.
  • Chatterji, M. (1990), Technology Transfer in the Developing Countries, Macmillan, London. Colpan, A.M. ve Jones, G. (2016), “Business groups, entrepreneurship and the growth of the Koç Group in Turkey”, Business History, 58(1), 69-88.
  • Cooper, A.C., Gimeno-Gascon, F.J. ve Woo, C.Y. (1994), “Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance”, Journal of Business Venturing, 9, 371–395.
  • Delmar, F. ve Shane, S. (2004), “Legitimating first: Organizing activities and the survival of new ventures”, Journal of Business Venturing, 19(3), 385-410.
  • Du, Y. ve Kim, P.H. (2021), “One size does not fit all: strategy configurations, complex environments, and new venture performance in emerging economies”, Journal of Business Research, 124, 272-285.
  • Duhaime, I. M., Hitt, M. A. ve M. A. Lyles (ed.) (2021), Strategic Management: State of the Field and its Future, Oxford University Press, NY.
  • Dutt, N., Hawn, O., Vidal, E., Chatterji, A., McGahan, A. ve Mitchell, W. (2016), “How open system intermediaries address institutional failures: the case of business incubators in emerging-market countries”, Academy of Management Journal, 59(3), 818-840.
  • Fichman, M. ve Levinthal, D. A. (1991), “Honeymoons and the liability of adolescence: A new perspective on duration dependence in social and organizational relationships”, Academy of Management Review, 16(2), 442-468.
  • Fiss, P.C. (2011), “Building better causal theories: a fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research”, Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 393-420.
  • Freeman, J., Carroll, G. R. ve Hannan, M. T. (1983), “The liability of newness: Age dependence in organizational death rates”, American Sociological Review, 692-710.
  • Gao, Q., Cui, L., Lew, Y.K., Li, Z. ve Khan, Z. (2021), “Business incubators as international knowledge intermediaries: exploring their role in the internationalization of start-ups from an emerging market”, Journal of International Management, 27(4), 16.
  • Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2021), 2020-2021 Global Report, London, https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/gem-20202021-global-report (Erişim tarihi: 01.03.2022).
  • Gompers, P.A., Gornall, W., Kaplan, S.N. ve Strebulaev, I.A. (2020), “How do venture capitalists make decisions?”, Journal of Financial Economics, 135(1), 169-190.
  • Gonzalez, C. ve Massieu, D.R. (2021), “Universally-enabling and context-binding resources in new venture internationalization: evidence from venture capital backed start-ups in an emerging market”, International Business Review, 30(6), 101851.
  • Greckhamer, T., Misangyi, V.F. ve Fiss, P.C. (2013), “The two QCAs: from a small-N to a large-N set theoretic approach”, Configurational Theory and Methods in Organizational Research (Research in the Sociology of Organizations), 38, 49-75.
  • Greckhamer, T., Furnari, S., Fiss, P.C. ve Aguilera, R. (2018), “Studying configurations with qualitative comparative analysis: best practices in strategy and organization research”, Strategic Organization, 16(4), 482-495.
  • Groh, A.P. ve Wallmeroth, J. (2016), “Determinants of venture capital investments in emerging markets”, Emerging Markets Review, 29, 104-132.
  • Gruenhagen, J.H. (2019), “Returnee entrepreneurs and the institutional environment: case study insights from China”, International Journal of Emerging Markets, 14(1), 207-230.
  • Habersang, S., Küberling‐Jost, J., Reihlen, M. ve Seckler, C. (2019), “A process perspective on organizational failure: a qualitative meta‐analysis”, Journal of Management Studies, 56(1), 19-56.
  • Hackett, S.M. ve Dilts, D.M. (2004), “A systematic review of business incubation research”, The Journal of Technology Transfer, 29(1), 55-82.
  • Hallen, B.L., Cohen, S.L. ve Bingham, C.B. (2019), “Do accelerators work? If so, how?”, Organization Science, 31(2), 378-414.
  • Hannan, M. T. (1998), “Rethinking age dependence in organizational mortality: Logical fromalizations”, American Journal of Sociology, 104(1), 126-164.
  • Hochberg Y., Ljungqvist A.P., ve Y. Lu (2007).” Whom You Know Matters: Venture Capital Networks and Investment Performance”, Journal of Finance, 62: 251-301.
  • Hogarth, R. M. ve Karelaia, N. (2012), “Entrepreneurial success and failure: Confidence and fallible judgment”, Organization Science, 23(6), 1733-1747.
  • Hoskisson, R.E., Eden, L., Lau, C.M. ve Wright, M. (2000), “Strategy in emerging economies”, Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 249-267.
  • Islam, M., Fremeth, A. ve Marcus, A. (2018), “Signaling by early stage startups: US government research grants and venture capital funding”, Journal of Business Venturing, 33(1), 35-51.
  • Josefy, M. A., Harrison, J. S., Sirmon, D. G. ve Carnes, C. (2017), Living and dying: Synthesizing the literature on firm survival and failure across stages of development”, Academy of Management Annals, 11(2), 770-799.
  • Khanna, T. ve Palepu, K.G. (2010), Winning in Emerging Markets: A Road Map for Strategy and Execution, Harvard Business Press, Boston.
  • Klonowski, D. (2007), “The venture capital investment process in emerging markets: evidence from Central and Eastern Europe”, International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2(4), 361-382.
  • Ko, E.J. ve McKelvie, A. (2018), “Signaling for more money: the roles of founders’ human capital and investor prominence in resource acquisition across different stages of firm development”, Journal of Business Venturing, 33(4), 438-454.
  • Li, H., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Zhou, L. A. ve Zhang, W. (2012), “Returnees Versus Locals: Who Perform Better in China's Technology Entrepreneurship?”, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(3), 257-272.
  • Liu, X., Lu, J., Filatotchev, I., Buck, T. ve Wright, M. (2010), “Returnee entrepreneurs, knowledge spillovers and innovation in high-tech firms in emerging economies”, Journal of International Business Studies, 41, 1183-1197.
  • Manimala, M.J. ve Wasdani, K.P. (2015), “Emerging economies: muddling through to development”, Manimala, M. ve Wasdani, K. (Eds), Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Perspectives from Emerging Economies, Springer, 3-53.
  • Marquis, C. ve Raynard, M. (2015), “Institutional strategies in emerging markets”, Academy of Management Annals, 9(1), 291-335.
  • Mellahi, K. ve Wilkinson, A. (2010), “Managing and coping with organizational failure: Introduction to the special issue”, Group and Organization Management, 35(5), 531-541.
  • Miloud, T., Aspelund, A. ve Cabrol, M. (2012), “Startup valuation by venture capitalists: an empirical study”, Venture Capital, 14(2-3), 151-174.
  • Misangyi, V.F., Greckhamer, T., Furnari, S., Fiss, P.C., Crilly, D. ve Aguilera, R. (2017), “Embracing causal complexity: the emergence of a neo-configurational perspective”, Strategic Organization, 43(1), 255-282.
  • Morris, S., Aguilera, R. V., Fisher, G., & Thatcher, S. M. (2023). Theorizing from emerging markets: challenges, opportunities, and publishing advice. Academy of Management Review, 48(1), 1-10.
  • Nigam, N., Mbarek, S. ve Boughanmi, A. (2020), “Impact of intellectual capital on the financing of startups with new business models”, Journal of Knowledge Management, 25(1), 227-250.
  • Ozkan-Canbolat, E. ve Beraha, A. (2016). A configurational approach to network topology design for product innovation. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 5216-5221.
  • Ozmel, U. ve Guler, I. (2015), “Small fish, big fish: The performance effects of the relative standing in partners' affiliate portfolios”, Strategic Management Journal, 36(13), 2039-2057.
  • Pisoni, A. ve Onetti, A. (2018), “When startups exit: comparing strategies in Europe and the USA”, Journal of Business Strategy, 39(3), 26-33.
  • Plummer, L.A., Allison, T.H. ve Connelly, B.L. (2016), “Better together? Signaling interactions in new venture pursuit of initial external capital”, Academy of Management Journal, 59(5), 1585-1604.
  • Ragin, C.C. (2008), Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and beyond, Uni of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  • Ragin, C.C. ve Fiss, P.C. (2008), “Net effects analysis versus configurational analysis: an empirical demonstration”, Ragin, C.C. (Ed.), Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and beyond, Uni of Chi Press, Chicago, 190-212.
  • Ragin, C.C., Drass, K.A. ve Davey, S. (2006), Fuzzy-set/qualitative Comparative Analysis 2.0, University of Arizona Department of Sociology, Tucson, AZ.
  • Rihoux, B. ve Ragin, C.C. (2009), Configurational Comparative Methods: Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Reynolds, P. D., Bygrave,W. D., Autio, E., Cox, L.W. ve Hay, M. (2002). Global entrepreneurship monitor executive report, Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership. Kansas City, MO: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.
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Gelişmekte olan bir ekonomide yeni girişimlerin hayatta kalması ve erken dönem başarısını etkileyen unsurların niteliksel karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemiyle incelenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 1158 - 1180, 30.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1351597

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, gelişmekte olan bir ekonomide faaliyet gösteren yeni girişimlerin hayatta kalması ve erken dönem başarısını etkileyen unsurların incelenmesidir. Söz konusu olgunun teorik karmaşıklığı ve gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomilerindeki dinamiklerine ilişkin yönlendirici öncül çalışmaların eksikliği göz önüne alınarak keşifsel bir araştırma tasarlanmıştır. Hayatta kalma ve başarı üzerinde etkili olabilecek çevresel, örgütsel ve kuruculara ilişkin bir faktör seti önerilerek bunlar arasındaki ilişkiler niteliksel karşılaştırmalı analiz (QCA) yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın görgül ortamı Türkiye yeni girişim (startup) ekosistemidir. Bulgular, farklı düzeylerdeki unsurlar arasındaki karmaşık etkileşimlerin yeni girişimlerin hayatta kalması ve başarısında (erken dönemde birleşme/satın alma) etkili olabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Çevresel, örgütsel ve kuruculara ilişkin özelliklerin farklı kombinasyonları bu iki sonuca ulaşmada alternatif yollar sağlayabilmektedir. Hayatta kalma yerel yetkinliklerin etkin kullanımı ile mümkün olabilse de erken dönemde birleşme/satın alma gibi bir başarı yakalayabilmek daha ziyade global yetkinliklere sahip olmakla ilişkilidir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahlers, G. K., Cumming, D., Günther, C. ve Schweizer, D. (2015), “Signaling in equity crowdfunding”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(4), 955-980.
  • Ahlstrom, D. ve Bruton, G. D. (2006), “Venture capital in emerging economies: Networks and institutional change”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(2), 299-320.
  • Armanios, D.E., Eesley, C.E., Li, J. ve Eisenhardt, K.M. (2017), “How entrepreneurs leverage institutional intermediaries in emerging economies to acquire public resources”, Strategic Management Journal, 38(7), 1373-1390.
  • Atomico (2018), “The state of European tech 2018”, https://2018.stateofeuropeantech.com/, Atomico (Erişim Tarihi: 01.03. 2022).
  • Barney, J. B. (2020), “Measuring firm performance in a way that is consistent with strategic management theory”. Academy of Management Discoveries, 6(1): 5-7.
  • Baron, R. A. ve Ensley, M. D. (2006), “Opportunity recognition as the detection of meaningful patterns: Evidence from comparisons of novice and experienced entrepreneurs”, Management Science, 52(9), 1331-1344.
  • Berger, E.S. ve Köhn, A. (2020), “Exploring the differences in early-stage start-up valuation across countries: an institutional perspective”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(1), 327-344.
  • Cao, Z. ve Shi, X. (2021), “A systematic literature review of entrepreneurial ecosystems in advanced and emerging economies”, Small Business Economics, 57(1), 75-110.
  • Chatterji, M. (1990), Technology Transfer in the Developing Countries, Macmillan, London. Colpan, A.M. ve Jones, G. (2016), “Business groups, entrepreneurship and the growth of the Koç Group in Turkey”, Business History, 58(1), 69-88.
  • Cooper, A.C., Gimeno-Gascon, F.J. ve Woo, C.Y. (1994), “Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance”, Journal of Business Venturing, 9, 371–395.
  • Delmar, F. ve Shane, S. (2004), “Legitimating first: Organizing activities and the survival of new ventures”, Journal of Business Venturing, 19(3), 385-410.
  • Du, Y. ve Kim, P.H. (2021), “One size does not fit all: strategy configurations, complex environments, and new venture performance in emerging economies”, Journal of Business Research, 124, 272-285.
  • Duhaime, I. M., Hitt, M. A. ve M. A. Lyles (ed.) (2021), Strategic Management: State of the Field and its Future, Oxford University Press, NY.
  • Dutt, N., Hawn, O., Vidal, E., Chatterji, A., McGahan, A. ve Mitchell, W. (2016), “How open system intermediaries address institutional failures: the case of business incubators in emerging-market countries”, Academy of Management Journal, 59(3), 818-840.
  • Fichman, M. ve Levinthal, D. A. (1991), “Honeymoons and the liability of adolescence: A new perspective on duration dependence in social and organizational relationships”, Academy of Management Review, 16(2), 442-468.
  • Fiss, P.C. (2011), “Building better causal theories: a fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research”, Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 393-420.
  • Freeman, J., Carroll, G. R. ve Hannan, M. T. (1983), “The liability of newness: Age dependence in organizational death rates”, American Sociological Review, 692-710.
  • Gao, Q., Cui, L., Lew, Y.K., Li, Z. ve Khan, Z. (2021), “Business incubators as international knowledge intermediaries: exploring their role in the internationalization of start-ups from an emerging market”, Journal of International Management, 27(4), 16.
  • Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2021), 2020-2021 Global Report, London, https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/gem-20202021-global-report (Erişim tarihi: 01.03.2022).
  • Gompers, P.A., Gornall, W., Kaplan, S.N. ve Strebulaev, I.A. (2020), “How do venture capitalists make decisions?”, Journal of Financial Economics, 135(1), 169-190.
  • Gonzalez, C. ve Massieu, D.R. (2021), “Universally-enabling and context-binding resources in new venture internationalization: evidence from venture capital backed start-ups in an emerging market”, International Business Review, 30(6), 101851.
  • Greckhamer, T., Misangyi, V.F. ve Fiss, P.C. (2013), “The two QCAs: from a small-N to a large-N set theoretic approach”, Configurational Theory and Methods in Organizational Research (Research in the Sociology of Organizations), 38, 49-75.
  • Greckhamer, T., Furnari, S., Fiss, P.C. ve Aguilera, R. (2018), “Studying configurations with qualitative comparative analysis: best practices in strategy and organization research”, Strategic Organization, 16(4), 482-495.
  • Groh, A.P. ve Wallmeroth, J. (2016), “Determinants of venture capital investments in emerging markets”, Emerging Markets Review, 29, 104-132.
  • Gruenhagen, J.H. (2019), “Returnee entrepreneurs and the institutional environment: case study insights from China”, International Journal of Emerging Markets, 14(1), 207-230.
  • Habersang, S., Küberling‐Jost, J., Reihlen, M. ve Seckler, C. (2019), “A process perspective on organizational failure: a qualitative meta‐analysis”, Journal of Management Studies, 56(1), 19-56.
  • Hackett, S.M. ve Dilts, D.M. (2004), “A systematic review of business incubation research”, The Journal of Technology Transfer, 29(1), 55-82.
  • Hallen, B.L., Cohen, S.L. ve Bingham, C.B. (2019), “Do accelerators work? If so, how?”, Organization Science, 31(2), 378-414.
  • Hannan, M. T. (1998), “Rethinking age dependence in organizational mortality: Logical fromalizations”, American Journal of Sociology, 104(1), 126-164.
  • Hochberg Y., Ljungqvist A.P., ve Y. Lu (2007).” Whom You Know Matters: Venture Capital Networks and Investment Performance”, Journal of Finance, 62: 251-301.
  • Hogarth, R. M. ve Karelaia, N. (2012), “Entrepreneurial success and failure: Confidence and fallible judgment”, Organization Science, 23(6), 1733-1747.
  • Hoskisson, R.E., Eden, L., Lau, C.M. ve Wright, M. (2000), “Strategy in emerging economies”, Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 249-267.
  • Islam, M., Fremeth, A. ve Marcus, A. (2018), “Signaling by early stage startups: US government research grants and venture capital funding”, Journal of Business Venturing, 33(1), 35-51.
  • Josefy, M. A., Harrison, J. S., Sirmon, D. G. ve Carnes, C. (2017), Living and dying: Synthesizing the literature on firm survival and failure across stages of development”, Academy of Management Annals, 11(2), 770-799.
  • Khanna, T. ve Palepu, K.G. (2010), Winning in Emerging Markets: A Road Map for Strategy and Execution, Harvard Business Press, Boston.
  • Klonowski, D. (2007), “The venture capital investment process in emerging markets: evidence from Central and Eastern Europe”, International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2(4), 361-382.
  • Ko, E.J. ve McKelvie, A. (2018), “Signaling for more money: the roles of founders’ human capital and investor prominence in resource acquisition across different stages of firm development”, Journal of Business Venturing, 33(4), 438-454.
  • Li, H., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Zhou, L. A. ve Zhang, W. (2012), “Returnees Versus Locals: Who Perform Better in China's Technology Entrepreneurship?”, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(3), 257-272.
  • Liu, X., Lu, J., Filatotchev, I., Buck, T. ve Wright, M. (2010), “Returnee entrepreneurs, knowledge spillovers and innovation in high-tech firms in emerging economies”, Journal of International Business Studies, 41, 1183-1197.
  • Manimala, M.J. ve Wasdani, K.P. (2015), “Emerging economies: muddling through to development”, Manimala, M. ve Wasdani, K. (Eds), Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Perspectives from Emerging Economies, Springer, 3-53.
  • Marquis, C. ve Raynard, M. (2015), “Institutional strategies in emerging markets”, Academy of Management Annals, 9(1), 291-335.
  • Mellahi, K. ve Wilkinson, A. (2010), “Managing and coping with organizational failure: Introduction to the special issue”, Group and Organization Management, 35(5), 531-541.
  • Miloud, T., Aspelund, A. ve Cabrol, M. (2012), “Startup valuation by venture capitalists: an empirical study”, Venture Capital, 14(2-3), 151-174.
  • Misangyi, V.F., Greckhamer, T., Furnari, S., Fiss, P.C., Crilly, D. ve Aguilera, R. (2017), “Embracing causal complexity: the emergence of a neo-configurational perspective”, Strategic Organization, 43(1), 255-282.
  • Morris, S., Aguilera, R. V., Fisher, G., & Thatcher, S. M. (2023). Theorizing from emerging markets: challenges, opportunities, and publishing advice. Academy of Management Review, 48(1), 1-10.
  • Nigam, N., Mbarek, S. ve Boughanmi, A. (2020), “Impact of intellectual capital on the financing of startups with new business models”, Journal of Knowledge Management, 25(1), 227-250.
  • Ozkan-Canbolat, E. ve Beraha, A. (2016). A configurational approach to network topology design for product innovation. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 5216-5221.
  • Ozmel, U. ve Guler, I. (2015), “Small fish, big fish: The performance effects of the relative standing in partners' affiliate portfolios”, Strategic Management Journal, 36(13), 2039-2057.
  • Pisoni, A. ve Onetti, A. (2018), “When startups exit: comparing strategies in Europe and the USA”, Journal of Business Strategy, 39(3), 26-33.
  • Plummer, L.A., Allison, T.H. ve Connelly, B.L. (2016), “Better together? Signaling interactions in new venture pursuit of initial external capital”, Academy of Management Journal, 59(5), 1585-1604.
  • Ragin, C.C. (2008), Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and beyond, Uni of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  • Ragin, C.C. ve Fiss, P.C. (2008), “Net effects analysis versus configurational analysis: an empirical demonstration”, Ragin, C.C. (Ed.), Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and beyond, Uni of Chi Press, Chicago, 190-212.
  • Ragin, C.C., Drass, K.A. ve Davey, S. (2006), Fuzzy-set/qualitative Comparative Analysis 2.0, University of Arizona Department of Sociology, Tucson, AZ.
  • Rihoux, B. ve Ragin, C.C. (2009), Configurational Comparative Methods: Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Reynolds, P. D., Bygrave,W. D., Autio, E., Cox, L.W. ve Hay, M. (2002). Global entrepreneurship monitor executive report, Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership. Kansas City, MO: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.
  • Rottig, D. (2016), “Institutions and emerging markets: effects and implications for multinational corporations”, International Journal of Emerging Markets, 11(1), 2-17.
  • Sanders, W.G. ve Boivie, S. (2004), “Sorting things out: valuation of new firms in uncertain markets”, Strategic Management Journal, 25(2), 167-186.
  • Saridakis, G., Frankish, J., ve Storey, D. J. (2022). Unpacking new firm exit. British Journal of Management, 33(4), 1843-1863.
  • Shane, S. ve Cable, D. (2002), “Network ties, reputation, and the financing of new ventures”, Small Business Economics, 48(3), 364-381.
  • Smallbone, D. ve Welter, F. (2001), “The distinctiveness of entrepreneurship in transition economies”, Small Business Economics, 16, 249-262.
  • Song, M., Podoynitsyna, K., Van Der Bij, H. ve Halman, J. I. (2008), “Success factors in new ventures: A meta‐analysis”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(1), 7-27.
  • Soto-Simeone, A., Siren, C. ve Antretter, T. (2020), “New venture survival: a review and extension”, International Journal of Management Reviews, 22(4), 378-407.
  • Startup Genome (2021), “The global startup ecosystem report”, https://startupgenome.com/report/gser2021, (Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2022).
  • Startups.watch (2021), “Startup database”, https://startups.watch/, (Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2022).
  • Stinchcombe, A. L. (1965). "Social structures and organizations" James G. March (ed.), Handbook of Organizations: 142-193. Chicago: Rand McNally.
  • Tekmen, E., Özkan Canbolat, E. ve Sağlam, F. (2020), “İşyeri zorbalığına çatışma perspektifinden bakışın doğrusal ve bulanık mantık yöntemleriyle değerlendirilmesi”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 10 (1), 349-370.
  • Tour, A., Soussan, P., Harle, N., Chevalier, R. ve Duportet, X. (2017), “From Tech to Deep Tech”, The Boston Consulting Group, http://media-publications.bcg.com/from-tech-to-deeptech.Pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2022).
  • Ucbasaran, D., Shepherd, D. A., Lockett, A. ve Lyon, S. J. (2013), “Life after business failure: The process and consequences of business failure for entrepreneurs”, Journal of Management, 39(1), 163-202.
  • Wang, T., Qureshi, I., Deeds, D. ve Ren, Y. (2019), “How do technology ventures signal IPO quality? A configurational approach”, Journal of Business Research, 99, 105-114.
  • Wennberg, K., Wiklund, J., DeTienne, D. R. ve Cardon, M. S. (2010), “Reconceptualizing entrepreneurial exit: Divergent exit routes and their drivers”, Journal of Business Venturing, 25(4), 361-375.
  • Williamson, P.J. ve Santos, J.F.P. (2021). “Emerging Economies: The Impact of Context on Global Strategic Management.” Duhaime, I. M., Hitt, M. A. ve Lyles, M. A. (Eds.). Strategic management: State of the field and its future: 319-335. Oxford University Press.
  • Yang, L. ve Maskus, K.E. (2009), “Intellectual property rights, technology transfer and exports in developing countries”, Journal of Development Economics, 90(2), 231-236.
  • Yaprak, A., Yosun, T. ve Cetindamar, D. (2018), “The influence of firm-specific and country-specific advantages in the internationalization of emerging market firms: evidence from Turkey”, International Business Review, 27(1), 198-207.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Başak Topaler 0000-0002-4553-0131

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Topaler, B. (2023). Gelişmekte olan bir ekonomide yeni girişimlerin hayatta kalması ve erken dönem başarısını etkileyen unsurların niteliksel karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemiyle incelenmesi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(3), 1158-1180. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1351597
AMA Topaler B. Gelişmekte olan bir ekonomide yeni girişimlerin hayatta kalması ve erken dönem başarısını etkileyen unsurların niteliksel karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemiyle incelenmesi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. Ekim 2023;13(3):1158-1180. doi:10.18074/ckuiibfd.1351597
Chicago Topaler, Başak. “Gelişmekte Olan Bir Ekonomide Yeni girişimlerin Hayatta Kalması Ve Erken dönem başarısını Etkileyen unsurların Niteliksel karşılaştırmalı Analiz yöntemiyle Incelenmesi”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 13, sy. 3 (Ekim 2023): 1158-80. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1351597.
EndNote Topaler B (01 Ekim 2023) Gelişmekte olan bir ekonomide yeni girişimlerin hayatta kalması ve erken dönem başarısını etkileyen unsurların niteliksel karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemiyle incelenmesi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 13 3 1158–1180.
IEEE B. Topaler, “Gelişmekte olan bir ekonomide yeni girişimlerin hayatta kalması ve erken dönem başarısını etkileyen unsurların niteliksel karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemiyle incelenmesi”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 13, sy. 3, ss. 1158–1180, 2023, doi: 10.18074/ckuiibfd.1351597.
ISNAD Topaler, Başak. “Gelişmekte Olan Bir Ekonomide Yeni girişimlerin Hayatta Kalması Ve Erken dönem başarısını Etkileyen unsurların Niteliksel karşılaştırmalı Analiz yöntemiyle Incelenmesi”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 13/3 (Ekim 2023), 1158-1180. https://doi.org/10.18074/ckuiibfd.1351597.
JAMA Topaler B. Gelişmekte olan bir ekonomide yeni girişimlerin hayatta kalması ve erken dönem başarısını etkileyen unsurların niteliksel karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemiyle incelenmesi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;13:1158–1180.
MLA Topaler, Başak. “Gelişmekte Olan Bir Ekonomide Yeni girişimlerin Hayatta Kalması Ve Erken dönem başarısını Etkileyen unsurların Niteliksel karşılaştırmalı Analiz yöntemiyle Incelenmesi”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 13, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 1158-80, doi:10.18074/ckuiibfd.1351597.
Vancouver Topaler B. Gelişmekte olan bir ekonomide yeni girişimlerin hayatta kalması ve erken dönem başarısını etkileyen unsurların niteliksel karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemiyle incelenmesi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;13(3):1158-80.