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Demirçağ Anadolu’sunda Çocuk/Çocukluk Temsilleri Üzerine

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 18, 183 - 208, 01.06.2019

S Gökhan Tiryaki

Öz

Cinsiyet, toplumsal cinsiyet ve yaşam seyri araştırmaları gibi çocukluk arkeolojisi de geçtiğimiz birkaç on-yıl içerisinde arkeologlar arasında dinamik bir araştırma sahasının filizlenmesine olanak sundu. Bu araştırmalar, arkeolojik, sanat tarihsel ve filolojik veriler aracılığıyla çocukluk mefhumuna odaklanarak eğitim, sosyalleşme, işgücü, dinsel yaşam gibi toplumsal alanın farklı kesitlerinde çocukların topluma katılım biçimlerine dair hali hazırdaki bilgilerimizin misliyle artmasını mümkün kıldılar. Sunulan çalışma bugüne değin ihmal edilmiş olan Demir Çağ Anadolu’sunun Pers-Öncesi dönemine ait görsel kayıtlar aracılığıyla söz konusu araştırma birikimine eklemlenmektedir. Burada, erken 1. binyıl Anadolu’sunun belli başlı sanat merkezlerinde açığa çıkarılmış farklı türdeki tasvir taşıyıcılar çocukluk temsilleri bağlamında bir araya getirilerek analiz edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yaşam Seyri Çocukluk İkonografi Demir Çağ Anadolu

Kaynakça

  • Ackerman, S. 2003 S. “Women in Ancient Near East”, S. Richard (ed.), Near Eastern. A Reader, Eisenbraun: 150-156.
  • Akurgal, E. 1992 “Zur Entstehung der ostgriechischen Klein- und Groß-plastik”, Istanbuller Mitteilungen42: 67–81.
  • Albenda, P. 1983 “Western Asiatic Women in the Iron Age: Their Image Revealed”, The BiblicalArchaeologist 46/2: 82-88.
  • Angel, J. L. 1972 “Ecology and Population in the East Mediterranean”, World Archaeology 4/1: 88-105.
  • Ariês, P. 1962 Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life (Translated from French by R. Baldick), New York.
  • Aro, S. 2003 “Art and Architecture”, H.C. Melchert (ed.), The Luwians, Leiden-Boston: 281-337.
  • Asher, J.M – D. Sweeny “On Nakedness, Nudity and Gender in Egyptian and Mesopotamian Art”, S. Schroer (ed.), Images and Gender. Contribution to the Hermenutics of Reading Ancient Art (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 220), Fribourg/Göttingen: 125-176.
  • Bachvarova, M.R. 2016 “Wisdom of Former Days: The Manly Hittite King and Foolish Kumarbi, Father of the Gods”, I. Zsolnay (ed.), Being a Man: Negotiating Ancient Constructs of Masculinity, London: 83-111.
  • Bahrani, Z. 2018 Babil’in Kadınları. Mezopotamya’da Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Temsil(Çev. S. Çalcı), İstanbul.
  • Barnett, R.D. 1976 Sculptures from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal (668-327 B.C.), London.
  • Barnett, R.D. – E. Bleibtreu – T. Geoffrey
  • 1998 Sculptures from the Southwest Palace of Sennacherib at Niniveh, London: Bristish Museum Press
  • Baxter, J. E. 2008 “The Archaeology of Childhood”, Annual Review of Anthropology 37: 159-175.
  • -2015 “The Devil’s Advocate or Our Worst Case Scenario: The Archaeology of Childhood Without any Children”, G. Coşkunsu (ed.), The Archaeology of Childhood.
  • Interdisciplinary Perspectives on an Archaeological Enigma, SUNY Series, The Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology Distinguished Monograph Series, Albany:19-35.
  • Beaumont, L. 1994 “Constructing a Methodology for the Interpretation of Chilhood Age in Classical Athenaeian Iconography”, Archaeological Review from Cambridge (Perspectives on Children and Childhood)13/2: 81-96.
  • Beckman, G. 2016 “Birth and Motherhood among the Hittites”, S.L.Budin – J.M. Turfa (eds.), Women in Antiquity. Real Women Across the World, New York: 319-328.
  • Bleibtreu, E. 1987-1990 s.v. “Lotos”, Reallexicon der Assyrologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie, Band 6: 103-106.
  • Bonatz, D. 2000 Das syro-hethitische Grabdenkmal. Untersuchungen zur Entstehung einer neuen Bildgattung im nordsyrisch-südostanatolischen Raum in der Eisenzeit, Mainz.
  • Borchhardt, J. – E. Bleibtreu 2013 Strukturen lykischer Residenzstädte im Vergleich zu älteren Städten des Vorderen Orients, Suna-İnan Kıraç Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Enstitüsü/Suna-Inan Kıraç Research Institute on Mediterranean Civilizations, Adalya, Ekyayın Dizisi/ Supplementary Series 12.
  • Börker-Klähn, J. 2003 “Tumulus D von Bayındır bei Elmalı als historischer Spiegel,”, M. Giorgieri – M. Salvini – M.-C. Trémouille – P. Vannicelli (eds), Licia e Lidia prima dell’ellenizzazione. Atti del convegno internazionale, Roma, 11–12 ottobre 1999, Rome: 69-105.
  • Brinkman, A. 1982 “Sex, Age and Physical Condition Designations for Servile Laborers in the Middle Babylonian Period. A Preliminary Survey”, G. Van Driel – Th. J.H. Krispun – M. Stol – K.R.Veenhof (eds.), Zikir Šumim. Assyriological Studies Presented to F.R. Kraus on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday, SFSMD, Vol. 5, Leiden: 1-8.
  • Bryce, T.R. 1983 “The Arrival of the Goddess Leto in Lycia”, Historia. Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 32/1: 1-13.
  • Budin, L.S. 2011 Images of Woman and Child from the Bronze Age: Reconsidering Fertility, Maternity, and Gender in the Ancient World, Cambridge.
  • Canby, J.V. 1986 “The Child in Hittite Iconography”, J. V. Canby – E. Porada – B. S. Ridgway – T. Stech (eds.), Ancient Anatolia: Aspects of Change and Cultural Development, Essays in Honor of Machteld J. Mellink, Wisconsin: 54-69.
  • -1989 “A New Hittite Child”, B. Hrouda – E. Kutlu – M.J. Mellink – N. Özgüç(eds.), Anatolia and the Ancient Near East. Tahsin Özgüç’e Armağan / Studies in Honor of Tahsin Özgüç, Ankara: 53-57.
  • Cohen, A. 2007 “Introduction: Childhood between Past and Present”, A. Cohen – J.R. Rutter (eds.), Constructions of Childhood in Ancient Greece and Italy, American School of Classical Studies at Athens (Hesperia Supplement 41): 1-24.
  • Coşkunsu, G. 2015 “Introduction: Children as Archaeological Enigma”, G. Coşkunsu (ed.), The Archaeology of Childhood. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on an Archaeological Enigma, SUNY Series, The Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology Distinguished Monograph Series, Albany: 1-16.
  • Crawford, S. –D. M. Hadley – G. Shepherd, G. “The Archaeology of Childhood: The Birth and Development of a Discipline”, Crawford, S.-Hadley, D.M.- Shepherd, G. (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Childhood, Oxford: 3-37.
  • Çambel, H. – A. Özyar 2003 Karatepe-Aslantaş. Azatiwataya: Die Bildwerke, Mainz am Rhein.
  • Darga, M. 1992 Hitit Sanatı, İstanbul.
  • -2011 “Geç Hitit Çağı’nda Kadın (MÖ 1190-620/300)”, E. Çaykara (ed.) Anadolu’da Kadın. On Bin Yıldır Eş, Anne, Tüccar, Kraliçe, İstanbul.
  • Deverenski, S. J. 1994 “Where are the Children? Accessing Children in The Past”, TheArchaeological Review from Cambridge 13/2: 7-20.
  • Dörtlük, K. 1995 “Antalya Müzesi Kazı ve Alan Düzenleme Çalışmalarına Kısaca Topluca Bir Bakış”, S. Mutlu – T. Albostanoğlu – K. Ateş (eds.), 1994 YılıAnadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi Konferansları, Ankara: 97-109.
  • Gilchrist, R. 2006 Gender and Archaeology. Contesting the Past, London.
  • Gilibert, A. 2011 Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. The Stone Reliefs at Carchemish and Zincirli in theEarlier First Millennium BCE. TOPOI Berlin Studies of the Ancient World, Vol. 2, Berlin.
  • Gorraway, K. S. H. 2018 Growing Up in Ancient Israel: Children in Material Culture and Biblical Texts, Atlanta.
  • Grubbs, J. E. –T. Parkin 2013 “Introduction”, J.E.Grubbs – T. Parkin (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Childhood and Education in the Classical World, Oxford:1-16.
  • Hadzisteliou-Price, T. 1978 Kourotrophos. Cult and Representations of the Greek Nursing Deities, Leiden.
  • Harmanşah, Ö. 2013 Eski Yakındoğu’da Kent, Bellek, Anıt, Çev. Yavuz F., İstanbul.
  • Harrington, N. 2018 “A World Without Play?: Children in Ancient Egyptian Art and Iconography”, S. Crawford – D.M. Headley – G. Shepherd (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Childhood, Oxford: 539-554.
  • Harris, R. 2003 Gender and Aging in Mesopotamia: The Gilgamesh Epic and Other Ancient Literature, University of Oklohoma Press.
  • Hawkins, J. D. 2000 Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions, Vol. 1, Inscriptions Of Iron Age, Berlin – New York.
  • Hutson, S. 2015 “Method and Theory for Archaeology of Age”, G. Coşkunsu (ed.), The Archaeology of Childhood. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on an Archaeological Enigma, SUNY Series, The Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology Distinguished Monograph Series, Albany: 53-72.
  • Hübner, U. 1992 Spiele und Spielzeug im antiken Palästina, (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 121), Universitätsverlag Freiburg Schweiz Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen.
  • Işık, F. 2000 Die Statuetten vom Tumulus D Bei Elmalı (Lykia V), Antalya.
  • Kamp, K. A. 2001 “Where Have All the Children Gone?: The Archaeology of Childhood”, Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 8/1: 1-34.
  • -2015 “Making Children Legitimate: The Archaeology of Childhood Without Any Children”, G. Coşkunsu (ed.), The Archaeology of Childhood. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on an Archaeological Enigma, SUNY Series, The Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology Distinguished Monograph Series, Albany: 37-52.
  • Knight, D. A. 2014 “Perspectives on Aging and the Elderly in the Hebrew Bible”, Journal of Bible and Theology 68/2: 136-149.
  • Kuhrt, A. 2007 Eski Çağda Yakındoğu, Cilt II (yaklaşık MÖ 3000-330), (çev. D. Şendil), İstanbul. Lambert, W.G. 1996 Babylonian Wisdom Litterature, Eisenbrauns: Indiana. Liebhert, R. –L. Stephens 2016
  • “Tumulus MM: Fit for a King/Tümülüs MM: Krallara Layık”, B. Rose – G. Dorbishire (eds.), The Golden Age of Midas. Exhibition Catalogue/Kral Midas’ın Altın Çağı, Philadelphia: 29-40.
  • Lillehammer, G. 1989 “A Child is Born. The Child’s World in an Archaeological Perspective”, Norvegian Archaeological Review22/2: 89-105.
  • -2018 “History of the Archaeology of Childhood”, S. Crawford – D.M. Headley – G. Shepherd (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Childhood, Oxford: 39-55.
  • Liverani, M. 2014 The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy, London.
  • Loven, L. L. 2013 “Children and Childhood in Roman Commemarative Art”, J.E. Grubbs – T. Parkin (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Childhood and Education in the Classical World, Oxford University Press: 302-321.
  • Megrelis, M. 2013 Religion and Cultural Conservatism in Lycia: Xanthos and Lycia (University of Edinburgh Unpublished PhD Dissertation).
  • Meyers, C. L. 1988 Discovering Eve. Ancient Israilite Women in Context, Oxford University Press.
  • Neumann, F. 1983 Die Ikonographie der Kybele in der Phrygischen und der Griechischen Kunst, Tübingen.
  • Nadali, D. 2014 “The Impact of War on Civilians in the Neo-Assyrian Period”, D. Nadali – J. Vidal (eds.), The Other Face of the Battle The Impact of War on Civilians in the Ancient Near East, Ugarit-Verlag, Münster: 101-112.
  • Oakley, J. H. 2013 “Children in Archaic and Classical Greek Art: A Survey”, J.E. Grubbs – T. Parkin (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Childhood and Education in the Classical World, Oxford University Press, Oxford:147-171.
  • Oppenheim, A.L. 1955 “ ‘Siege-Documents’ from Nippur”, Iraq 17/1: 69-89.
  • Özgen, İ. 1989 “Some Remarks on a Figure from the ‘Royal Buttress’ at Kargamış”, B. Hrouda – K. Emre – M. J. Mellink – N. Özgüç (eds.), Tahsin Özgüç’e Armağan/ Studies in Honor of Tahsin Özgüç. Anatolia and the Ancient Near East, Ankara: 373-375.
  • Roller, L.E. 1999 In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele, California.
  • Roth, M.T. 1987 “Age at Marriage and the Household: A Study of Neo-Babylonian and Neo-Assyrian Forms”, Comparative Studies in Society and History 29/4: 715-747.
  • Saul, M.B. 1986 “The Human Sceletal Remains ‘Cave A4’”, P. Mc. Govern (ed.), The Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Central Transjordan: The Baq’ah Valley Project, 1977-1981, Philadelphia: 305-314.
  • Schwyn, I. 2000 “Kinderbetreuung im 9.-7. Jahrhundert. Eine Untersuchung anhand der Darstellungen auf neuassyrischen Reliefs”, Lectio Difficilior 1 (http://www.lectio.unibe.ch) [Son Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2019]
  • -2006 “Kinder und ihre Betreuungspersonen auf den neuassyrischen Palast-reliefs”, S. Schroer (ed.), Images and Gender. Contributions to the Hermeneutics of Reading Ancient Art (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 220), Fribourg/Göttingen: 323-330.
  • Seidl, U. 2009 “Musik und Tanz in Urartu”, H. Sağlamtimur (ed.), Altan Çilingiroğlu’na Armağan. Yukarı Denizin Kıyısına Urartu Krallığı’na Adanmış Bir Hayat/ Studies in Honour of Altan Çilingiroğlu a Life Dedicated to Urartu on the shores of The Upper Sea, İstanbul: 607-617.
  • Stol, M. 2016 Women in the Ancient Near East, Boston/Berlin.
  • Tiryaki; S. G. 2018 “The Sanctuary with the Relief of the ‘Twelve Gods’ in the Elmalı Highlands: On the Iconography of ‘Leto, her children, and the Nymphs’ in Ancient Southwest Anatolia”, Adalya 19: 135-150.
  • Vieyra, M. 1955 Hittite Art (2300-750 BC), London.
  • Winter, U. 1983 Frau und Göttin: Exegetische und ikonographische Studien zum weiblichen Gottesbild im Alten Israel und in dessen Umwelt (Orbis Biblicus Et Orientalis 53) Freiburg.
  • Zsolnay, I. 2016 “Introduction”, I. Zsolnay (ed.), Being a Man: Negotiating Ancient Constructs of Masculinity, London: 1-4.

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 18, 183 - 208, 01.06.2019

S Gökhan Tiryaki

Öz

Together with the sex, gender and life course studies the evaluation of childhoodhas been a growing interestamong the archaeologists in the last few decades. These studies have explored diverse aspects of chilhood such as education, work, socialization, experience of religion etc. through the archaeological, art historical and philolocigal datas to advance our understanding of childhood in antiquity. Hence, the present work joins to the current studies by focusing on the Anatolian cultural sphere of pre-persian Iron Age in terms of visual records of children that have remained untouched up to date. In this general frame, it has been argued in here that the representations of children gathered from various parts of the region have great potential to enrich our understanding on the cultural construction of childhood in Anatolia.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Life Course Childhood Iconography Iron Age Anatolia

Kaynakça

  • Ackerman, S. 2003 S. “Women in Ancient Near East”, S. Richard (ed.), Near Eastern. A Reader, Eisenbraun: 150-156.
  • Akurgal, E. 1992 “Zur Entstehung der ostgriechischen Klein- und Groß-plastik”, Istanbuller Mitteilungen42: 67–81.
  • Albenda, P. 1983 “Western Asiatic Women in the Iron Age: Their Image Revealed”, The BiblicalArchaeologist 46/2: 82-88.
  • Angel, J. L. 1972 “Ecology and Population in the East Mediterranean”, World Archaeology 4/1: 88-105.
  • Ariês, P. 1962 Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life (Translated from French by R. Baldick), New York.
  • Aro, S. 2003 “Art and Architecture”, H.C. Melchert (ed.), The Luwians, Leiden-Boston: 281-337.
  • Asher, J.M – D. Sweeny “On Nakedness, Nudity and Gender in Egyptian and Mesopotamian Art”, S. Schroer (ed.), Images and Gender. Contribution to the Hermenutics of Reading Ancient Art (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 220), Fribourg/Göttingen: 125-176.
  • Bachvarova, M.R. 2016 “Wisdom of Former Days: The Manly Hittite King and Foolish Kumarbi, Father of the Gods”, I. Zsolnay (ed.), Being a Man: Negotiating Ancient Constructs of Masculinity, London: 83-111.
  • Bahrani, Z. 2018 Babil’in Kadınları. Mezopotamya’da Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Temsil(Çev. S. Çalcı), İstanbul.
  • Barnett, R.D. 1976 Sculptures from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal (668-327 B.C.), London.
  • Barnett, R.D. – E. Bleibtreu – T. Geoffrey
  • 1998 Sculptures from the Southwest Palace of Sennacherib at Niniveh, London: Bristish Museum Press
  • Baxter, J. E. 2008 “The Archaeology of Childhood”, Annual Review of Anthropology 37: 159-175.
  • -2015 “The Devil’s Advocate or Our Worst Case Scenario: The Archaeology of Childhood Without any Children”, G. Coşkunsu (ed.), The Archaeology of Childhood.
  • Interdisciplinary Perspectives on an Archaeological Enigma, SUNY Series, The Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology Distinguished Monograph Series, Albany:19-35.
  • Beaumont, L. 1994 “Constructing a Methodology for the Interpretation of Chilhood Age in Classical Athenaeian Iconography”, Archaeological Review from Cambridge (Perspectives on Children and Childhood)13/2: 81-96.
  • Beckman, G. 2016 “Birth and Motherhood among the Hittites”, S.L.Budin – J.M. Turfa (eds.), Women in Antiquity. Real Women Across the World, New York: 319-328.
  • Bleibtreu, E. 1987-1990 s.v. “Lotos”, Reallexicon der Assyrologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie, Band 6: 103-106.
  • Bonatz, D. 2000 Das syro-hethitische Grabdenkmal. Untersuchungen zur Entstehung einer neuen Bildgattung im nordsyrisch-südostanatolischen Raum in der Eisenzeit, Mainz.
  • Borchhardt, J. – E. Bleibtreu 2013 Strukturen lykischer Residenzstädte im Vergleich zu älteren Städten des Vorderen Orients, Suna-İnan Kıraç Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Enstitüsü/Suna-Inan Kıraç Research Institute on Mediterranean Civilizations, Adalya, Ekyayın Dizisi/ Supplementary Series 12.
  • Börker-Klähn, J. 2003 “Tumulus D von Bayındır bei Elmalı als historischer Spiegel,”, M. Giorgieri – M. Salvini – M.-C. Trémouille – P. Vannicelli (eds), Licia e Lidia prima dell’ellenizzazione. Atti del convegno internazionale, Roma, 11–12 ottobre 1999, Rome: 69-105.
  • Brinkman, A. 1982 “Sex, Age and Physical Condition Designations for Servile Laborers in the Middle Babylonian Period. A Preliminary Survey”, G. Van Driel – Th. J.H. Krispun – M. Stol – K.R.Veenhof (eds.), Zikir Šumim. Assyriological Studies Presented to F.R. Kraus on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday, SFSMD, Vol. 5, Leiden: 1-8.
  • Bryce, T.R. 1983 “The Arrival of the Goddess Leto in Lycia”, Historia. Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 32/1: 1-13.
  • Budin, L.S. 2011 Images of Woman and Child from the Bronze Age: Reconsidering Fertility, Maternity, and Gender in the Ancient World, Cambridge.
  • Canby, J.V. 1986 “The Child in Hittite Iconography”, J. V. Canby – E. Porada – B. S. Ridgway – T. Stech (eds.), Ancient Anatolia: Aspects of Change and Cultural Development, Essays in Honor of Machteld J. Mellink, Wisconsin: 54-69.
  • -1989 “A New Hittite Child”, B. Hrouda – E. Kutlu – M.J. Mellink – N. Özgüç(eds.), Anatolia and the Ancient Near East. Tahsin Özgüç’e Armağan / Studies in Honor of Tahsin Özgüç, Ankara: 53-57.
  • Cohen, A. 2007 “Introduction: Childhood between Past and Present”, A. Cohen – J.R. Rutter (eds.), Constructions of Childhood in Ancient Greece and Italy, American School of Classical Studies at Athens (Hesperia Supplement 41): 1-24.
  • Coşkunsu, G. 2015 “Introduction: Children as Archaeological Enigma”, G. Coşkunsu (ed.), The Archaeology of Childhood. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on an Archaeological Enigma, SUNY Series, The Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology Distinguished Monograph Series, Albany: 1-16.
  • Crawford, S. –D. M. Hadley – G. Shepherd, G. “The Archaeology of Childhood: The Birth and Development of a Discipline”, Crawford, S.-Hadley, D.M.- Shepherd, G. (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Childhood, Oxford: 3-37.
  • Çambel, H. – A. Özyar 2003 Karatepe-Aslantaş. Azatiwataya: Die Bildwerke, Mainz am Rhein.
  • Darga, M. 1992 Hitit Sanatı, İstanbul.
  • -2011 “Geç Hitit Çağı’nda Kadın (MÖ 1190-620/300)”, E. Çaykara (ed.) Anadolu’da Kadın. On Bin Yıldır Eş, Anne, Tüccar, Kraliçe, İstanbul.
  • Deverenski, S. J. 1994 “Where are the Children? Accessing Children in The Past”, TheArchaeological Review from Cambridge 13/2: 7-20.
  • Dörtlük, K. 1995 “Antalya Müzesi Kazı ve Alan Düzenleme Çalışmalarına Kısaca Topluca Bir Bakış”, S. Mutlu – T. Albostanoğlu – K. Ateş (eds.), 1994 YılıAnadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi Konferansları, Ankara: 97-109.
  • Gilchrist, R. 2006 Gender and Archaeology. Contesting the Past, London.
  • Gilibert, A. 2011 Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. The Stone Reliefs at Carchemish and Zincirli in theEarlier First Millennium BCE. TOPOI Berlin Studies of the Ancient World, Vol. 2, Berlin.
  • Gorraway, K. S. H. 2018 Growing Up in Ancient Israel: Children in Material Culture and Biblical Texts, Atlanta.
  • Grubbs, J. E. –T. Parkin 2013 “Introduction”, J.E.Grubbs – T. Parkin (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Childhood and Education in the Classical World, Oxford:1-16.
  • Hadzisteliou-Price, T. 1978 Kourotrophos. Cult and Representations of the Greek Nursing Deities, Leiden.
  • Harmanşah, Ö. 2013 Eski Yakındoğu’da Kent, Bellek, Anıt, Çev. Yavuz F., İstanbul.
  • Harrington, N. 2018 “A World Without Play?: Children in Ancient Egyptian Art and Iconography”, S. Crawford – D.M. Headley – G. Shepherd (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Childhood, Oxford: 539-554.
  • Harris, R. 2003 Gender and Aging in Mesopotamia: The Gilgamesh Epic and Other Ancient Literature, University of Oklohoma Press.
  • Hawkins, J. D. 2000 Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions, Vol. 1, Inscriptions Of Iron Age, Berlin – New York.
  • Hutson, S. 2015 “Method and Theory for Archaeology of Age”, G. Coşkunsu (ed.), The Archaeology of Childhood. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on an Archaeological Enigma, SUNY Series, The Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology Distinguished Monograph Series, Albany: 53-72.
  • Hübner, U. 1992 Spiele und Spielzeug im antiken Palästina, (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 121), Universitätsverlag Freiburg Schweiz Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen.
  • Işık, F. 2000 Die Statuetten vom Tumulus D Bei Elmalı (Lykia V), Antalya.
  • Kamp, K. A. 2001 “Where Have All the Children Gone?: The Archaeology of Childhood”, Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 8/1: 1-34.
  • -2015 “Making Children Legitimate: The Archaeology of Childhood Without Any Children”, G. Coşkunsu (ed.), The Archaeology of Childhood. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on an Archaeological Enigma, SUNY Series, The Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology Distinguished Monograph Series, Albany: 37-52.
  • Knight, D. A. 2014 “Perspectives on Aging and the Elderly in the Hebrew Bible”, Journal of Bible and Theology 68/2: 136-149.
  • Kuhrt, A. 2007 Eski Çağda Yakındoğu, Cilt II (yaklaşık MÖ 3000-330), (çev. D. Şendil), İstanbul. Lambert, W.G. 1996 Babylonian Wisdom Litterature, Eisenbrauns: Indiana. Liebhert, R. –L. Stephens 2016
  • “Tumulus MM: Fit for a King/Tümülüs MM: Krallara Layık”, B. Rose – G. Dorbishire (eds.), The Golden Age of Midas. Exhibition Catalogue/Kral Midas’ın Altın Çağı, Philadelphia: 29-40.
  • Lillehammer, G. 1989 “A Child is Born. The Child’s World in an Archaeological Perspective”, Norvegian Archaeological Review22/2: 89-105.
  • -2018 “History of the Archaeology of Childhood”, S. Crawford – D.M. Headley – G. Shepherd (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Childhood, Oxford: 39-55.
  • Liverani, M. 2014 The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy, London.
  • Loven, L. L. 2013 “Children and Childhood in Roman Commemarative Art”, J.E. Grubbs – T. Parkin (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Childhood and Education in the Classical World, Oxford University Press: 302-321.
  • Megrelis, M. 2013 Religion and Cultural Conservatism in Lycia: Xanthos and Lycia (University of Edinburgh Unpublished PhD Dissertation).
  • Meyers, C. L. 1988 Discovering Eve. Ancient Israilite Women in Context, Oxford University Press.
  • Neumann, F. 1983 Die Ikonographie der Kybele in der Phrygischen und der Griechischen Kunst, Tübingen.
  • Nadali, D. 2014 “The Impact of War on Civilians in the Neo-Assyrian Period”, D. Nadali – J. Vidal (eds.), The Other Face of the Battle The Impact of War on Civilians in the Ancient Near East, Ugarit-Verlag, Münster: 101-112.
  • Oakley, J. H. 2013 “Children in Archaic and Classical Greek Art: A Survey”, J.E. Grubbs – T. Parkin (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Childhood and Education in the Classical World, Oxford University Press, Oxford:147-171.
  • Oppenheim, A.L. 1955 “ ‘Siege-Documents’ from Nippur”, Iraq 17/1: 69-89.
  • Özgen, İ. 1989 “Some Remarks on a Figure from the ‘Royal Buttress’ at Kargamış”, B. Hrouda – K. Emre – M. J. Mellink – N. Özgüç (eds.), Tahsin Özgüç’e Armağan/ Studies in Honor of Tahsin Özgüç. Anatolia and the Ancient Near East, Ankara: 373-375.
  • Roller, L.E. 1999 In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele, California.
  • Roth, M.T. 1987 “Age at Marriage and the Household: A Study of Neo-Babylonian and Neo-Assyrian Forms”, Comparative Studies in Society and History 29/4: 715-747.
  • Saul, M.B. 1986 “The Human Sceletal Remains ‘Cave A4’”, P. Mc. Govern (ed.), The Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Central Transjordan: The Baq’ah Valley Project, 1977-1981, Philadelphia: 305-314.
  • Schwyn, I. 2000 “Kinderbetreuung im 9.-7. Jahrhundert. Eine Untersuchung anhand der Darstellungen auf neuassyrischen Reliefs”, Lectio Difficilior 1 (http://www.lectio.unibe.ch) [Son Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2019]
  • -2006 “Kinder und ihre Betreuungspersonen auf den neuassyrischen Palast-reliefs”, S. Schroer (ed.), Images and Gender. Contributions to the Hermeneutics of Reading Ancient Art (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 220), Fribourg/Göttingen: 323-330.
  • Seidl, U. 2009 “Musik und Tanz in Urartu”, H. Sağlamtimur (ed.), Altan Çilingiroğlu’na Armağan. Yukarı Denizin Kıyısına Urartu Krallığı’na Adanmış Bir Hayat/ Studies in Honour of Altan Çilingiroğlu a Life Dedicated to Urartu on the shores of The Upper Sea, İstanbul: 607-617.
  • Stol, M. 2016 Women in the Ancient Near East, Boston/Berlin.
  • Tiryaki; S. G. 2018 “The Sanctuary with the Relief of the ‘Twelve Gods’ in the Elmalı Highlands: On the Iconography of ‘Leto, her children, and the Nymphs’ in Ancient Southwest Anatolia”, Adalya 19: 135-150.
  • Vieyra, M. 1955 Hittite Art (2300-750 BC), London.
  • Winter, U. 1983 Frau und Göttin: Exegetische und ikonographische Studien zum weiblichen Gottesbild im Alten Israel und in dessen Umwelt (Orbis Biblicus Et Orientalis 53) Freiburg.
  • Zsolnay, I. 2016 “Introduction”, I. Zsolnay (ed.), Being a Man: Negotiating Ancient Constructs of Masculinity, London: 1-4.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

S Gökhan Tiryaki

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 18

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Tiryaki SG (01 Haziran 2019) Demirçağ Anadolu’sunda Çocuk/Çocukluk Temsilleri Üzerine. Colloquium Anatolicum 18 183–208.