In this study, researches were carried out on the protease enzyme activity of Jasminum officinale Linn. flower which grows naturally in Muğla and its surroundings. In addition, fragrance components in the content of jasmine flower were determined. It was aimed to be used in perfume making based on the harmony of white jasmine flower with other flowers and the concept of note. Protease enzyme was purified from J. officinale flower using TPP (Three Phase Partitioning) method. Optimal pH and optimal temperature for the enzyme, Km and Vmax values for casein, azokazaein, gelatin, hemoglobin, and azoalbumin substrates were determined. SDS-PAGE was used to check the purity of the protease enzyme purified from the J. officinale. The molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated as 21.386 kDa using gel filtration chromatography. The phenolic content was also determined. It has been determined that the content of jasmine flower can be used in perfume design which is the most prestigious product of the cosmetic industry.
This research subject was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University with the project numbered 17/053. The authors thank Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit for their support.
Kaynakça
Alrashdi, A.S., Salama, S.M., Alkiyumi, S.S., Abdulla, M.A., Hadi, A.H., Abdelwahab, S.I., Taha, M.M., Hussiani, J., & Asykin, N. (2012). Mechanisms of Gastroprotective Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Jasminum sambac against HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 786426, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/786426
Angelescu, E., Pavel, O.D., Bırjega, R., Zavoianu, R., Costentin, G., & Che, M. (2006). Solid base catalysts obtained from hydrotalcite precursors, for Knoevenagel synthesis of cinamic acid and coumarin derivatives. Applied Catalysis A: General, 308, 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2006.04.011
Arctander, S. (1994). Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals). Allured Publishing Corporation; Carol Stream, Illinois.
Asif-Ullah, M., Kim, K.S., & Yu, Y.G. (2006). Purification and characterization of a serine protease from Cucumis trigonus Roxburghi. Phytochemistry, 67(9), 870-875.
Aşık, S. (2017). Beyaz Yasemin Çiçeğinin (Jasminum officinale) Bazı Biyoaktiviteleri ile Koku Bileşenlerinin Araştırılması ve Parfüm Tasarımında Kullanılması. Retrieved from: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=YMYx1FtU5Irj-u1RU7QajQ&no=sHf1HfMghp84EAgyB0b6HQ
Atrooz, O.M., & Alomari, F.N. (2020). Determination of the activity and kinetics parameters of proteases in the crude plant extracts of Mentha piperita L. and Thymus capitatus L. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 8(6), 33-37. https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2020.80606
Bai, N., He, K., Ibarra, A., Bily, A., Roller, M., Chen, X., & Rühl, R. (2010). Iridoids from Fraxinus excelsior with adipocyte differentiation-inhibitory and PPARα activation activity. Journal of Natural Products, 73, 2-6. https://doi.org/10.1021/np9003118
Balkrishna, A., Sharma, G., Sharma, N., Rawat, N., Kumar, A., & Arya, V. (2022). Transition of Indian Agriculture from Glorious Past to Challenging Future: A Serious Concern. Indian Journal of Ecology, 49(3), 977-986. https://doi.org/10.55362/IJE/2022/3625.
Banik, S., Biswas, S., & Karmakar, S. (2018). Extraction, purification, and activity of protease from the leaves of Moringa oleifera [version 1; referees: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research, 7, 1151. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15642.1
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Can, Z., Yildiz, O., Sahin, H., Turumtay, E.A., Silici, S., & Kolayli, S. (2015). An investigation of Turkish honeys: Their physico-chemical properties, antioxidant capacities and phenolic profiles. Food Chemistry,180, 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.024
Chaiwut, P., Pintathong, P., & Rawdkuen, S. (2010). Extraction and three-phase partitioning behavior of proteases from papaya peels. Process Biochemistry, 45, 1172-1175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2010.03.019
Chaturverdi, A.P, Kumar, M. & Tripathi, Y.B. (2013). Efficacy of Jasminum grandiflorum L. Leaf extract od dermal wound healing in rats. International Wound Journal, 10(6), 675-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481X.2012.01043.x
Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. (2015). Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, vol. 1, China Medical Science Publisher, Beijing, 45-46 (&271).
Daşdemir, S.N. (2017). Müge Çiçeğinin (Convallaria majalis) Bazı Biyoaktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi Ve Diğer Bazı Çiçeklerle Birlikte Parfüm Tasarımında Kullanılabilirliğinin Araştırılması. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=4bBx1zmuywZwb8LkKyUN-w&no=0EfeptaMkhl8uE62XxAb4A
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Dossou-Yovo, H.O., Kindomihou, V., Vodouhè Fifanou, G., & Sinsin, B. (2021). Assessment of the diversity of medico-magic knowledge on four herbaceous species in Benin. The Scientific World Journal, 6650704, 1- 11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6650704
Dossou-Yovo, H.O., Kindomihou, V., Vodouhè Fifanou, G., & Sinsin, B. (2022a). Investigating the use profile of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. through market in Benin. Conservation, 2(2), 275-285. https://doi.org/10.3390/conservation2020019
Dossou-Yovo, H.O., Vodouhè Fifanou, G., Kaplan, A., & Sinsin, B., (2022b). Application of ethnobotanical indices in the utilization of five medicinal herbaceous plant species in Benin, West Africa. Diversity, 14, 612. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14080612
Elhawary, S., EL-Hefnawy, H., & Mokhtar, F.A. (2020). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of Jasminum officinale L. leaves and evaluation of cytotoxic activity towards bladder (5637) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 15, 9771-9781. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S269880
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Joshi, M.C., Raju, A., Arulanandham, A., & Saraswathy, G.R. (2008). Hepatoprotcetive activity of Jasminum angustifolium Linn against CCl4 induced hepatic injury in rat. Pharmacologyonline, 3, 197-205.
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Jasminum officinale Linn.'nin (Oleaceae) Bazı Biyoaktiviteleri ve Koku Bileşenlerinin Araştırılması: Kozmetik Ürün Tasarımı için Değerli bir Araç
Bu çalışmada Muğla ve çevresinde doğal olarak yetişen Jasminum officinale Linn. çiçeğinin proteaz enzim aktivitesi üzerine araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Ayrıca yasemin çiçeğinin içeriğindeki koku bileşenleri tespit edilmiştir. Yasemin çiçeğinin diğer çiçeklerle olan uyumu ve nota kavramı esas alınarak parfüm yapımında kullanılması amaçlanmıştır. Proteaz enzimi, J. officinale çiçeğinden ÜFA (Üç fazlı sistem) yöntemi kullanılarak saflaştırıldı. Enzim için optimum pH ve optimum sıcaklık, kazein, azokazaein, jelatin, hemoglobin, azoalbümin substratları için Km ve Vmax değerleri belirlendi. J. officinale çiçeğinden saflaştırılan proteaz enziminin saflığını kontrol etmek için SDS-PAGE kullanıldı. Enzimin moleküler ağırlığı jel filtrasyon kromatografisi kullanılarak 21.386 kDa olarak hesaplandı. Fenolik içeriği belirlendi. Kozmetik sektörünün en prestijli ürünü olan parfüm tasarımında yasemin çiçeğinin içeriğinin kullanılabileceği belirlendi.
Alrashdi, A.S., Salama, S.M., Alkiyumi, S.S., Abdulla, M.A., Hadi, A.H., Abdelwahab, S.I., Taha, M.M., Hussiani, J., & Asykin, N. (2012). Mechanisms of Gastroprotective Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Jasminum sambac against HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 786426, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/786426
Angelescu, E., Pavel, O.D., Bırjega, R., Zavoianu, R., Costentin, G., & Che, M. (2006). Solid base catalysts obtained from hydrotalcite precursors, for Knoevenagel synthesis of cinamic acid and coumarin derivatives. Applied Catalysis A: General, 308, 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2006.04.011
Arctander, S. (1994). Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals). Allured Publishing Corporation; Carol Stream, Illinois.
Asif-Ullah, M., Kim, K.S., & Yu, Y.G. (2006). Purification and characterization of a serine protease from Cucumis trigonus Roxburghi. Phytochemistry, 67(9), 870-875.
Aşık, S. (2017). Beyaz Yasemin Çiçeğinin (Jasminum officinale) Bazı Biyoaktiviteleri ile Koku Bileşenlerinin Araştırılması ve Parfüm Tasarımında Kullanılması. Retrieved from: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=YMYx1FtU5Irj-u1RU7QajQ&no=sHf1HfMghp84EAgyB0b6HQ
Atrooz, O.M., & Alomari, F.N. (2020). Determination of the activity and kinetics parameters of proteases in the crude plant extracts of Mentha piperita L. and Thymus capitatus L. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 8(6), 33-37. https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2020.80606
Bai, N., He, K., Ibarra, A., Bily, A., Roller, M., Chen, X., & Rühl, R. (2010). Iridoids from Fraxinus excelsior with adipocyte differentiation-inhibitory and PPARα activation activity. Journal of Natural Products, 73, 2-6. https://doi.org/10.1021/np9003118
Balkrishna, A., Sharma, G., Sharma, N., Rawat, N., Kumar, A., & Arya, V. (2022). Transition of Indian Agriculture from Glorious Past to Challenging Future: A Serious Concern. Indian Journal of Ecology, 49(3), 977-986. https://doi.org/10.55362/IJE/2022/3625.
Banik, S., Biswas, S., & Karmakar, S. (2018). Extraction, purification, and activity of protease from the leaves of Moringa oleifera [version 1; referees: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research, 7, 1151. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15642.1
Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye’de Bitkiler İle Tedavi, Baskı II, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri LTD., İstanbul, 234 ss.
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1976.9999
Can, Z., Yildiz, O., Sahin, H., Turumtay, E.A., Silici, S., & Kolayli, S. (2015). An investigation of Turkish honeys: Their physico-chemical properties, antioxidant capacities and phenolic profiles. Food Chemistry,180, 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.024
Chaiwut, P., Pintathong, P., & Rawdkuen, S. (2010). Extraction and three-phase partitioning behavior of proteases from papaya peels. Process Biochemistry, 45, 1172-1175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2010.03.019
Chaturverdi, A.P, Kumar, M. & Tripathi, Y.B. (2013). Efficacy of Jasminum grandiflorum L. Leaf extract od dermal wound healing in rats. International Wound Journal, 10(6), 675-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481X.2012.01043.x
Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. (2015). Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, vol. 1, China Medical Science Publisher, Beijing, 45-46 (&271).
Daşdemir, S.N. (2017). Müge Çiçeğinin (Convallaria majalis) Bazı Biyoaktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi Ve Diğer Bazı Çiçeklerle Birlikte Parfüm Tasarımında Kullanılabilirliğinin Araştırılması. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=4bBx1zmuywZwb8LkKyUN-w&no=0EfeptaMkhl8uE62XxAb4A
De Feo, V., Aquino, R., Menghini, A., Ramundo, E. & Senatore, F. (1992). Traditional Phytotherapy in the peninsula Sorrentina, Campania, Southern Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 36, 113-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90010-O
Dennison, C., & Lovrein, R. (1997). Three phase partitioning: concentration and purification of proteins. Protein Expression and Purification, 11, 149-161. https://doi.org/10.1006/prep.1997.0779
Domsalla, A., & Melzig, M.F. (2008). Occurrence and properties of proteases in plant latices. Planta Medica, 74(07), 699-711. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1074530
Dossou-Yovo, H.O., Kindomihou, V., Vodouhè Fifanou, G., & Sinsin, B. (2021). Assessment of the diversity of medico-magic knowledge on four herbaceous species in Benin. The Scientific World Journal, 6650704, 1- 11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6650704
Dossou-Yovo, H.O., Kindomihou, V., Vodouhè Fifanou, G., & Sinsin, B. (2022a). Investigating the use profile of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. through market in Benin. Conservation, 2(2), 275-285. https://doi.org/10.3390/conservation2020019
Dossou-Yovo, H.O., Vodouhè Fifanou, G., Kaplan, A., & Sinsin, B., (2022b). Application of ethnobotanical indices in the utilization of five medicinal herbaceous plant species in Benin, West Africa. Diversity, 14, 612. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14080612
Elhawary, S., EL-Hefnawy, H., & Mokhtar, F.A. (2020). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of Jasminum officinale L. leaves and evaluation of cytotoxic activity towards bladder (5637) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 15, 9771-9781. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S269880
Fadıloğlu, S. (2001). Immobilization and characterization of ficin. Nahrung/Food, 45 (2), 143-146. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3803(20010401)45:2<143::AID-FOOD143>3.0.CO;2-8
Fares, R., Bazzi, S., Baydoun, S.E. & Abdel-Massih, R.M. (2011). The antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of the Lebanese Olea europaea extract. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 66, 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-011-0213-9
González, R.N., Badillo, J.A., Aranda, A.J.S., & Carmen O.S.M. (2011). Production of plant proteases in vivo and in vitro-a review. Biotechnology Advances, 29(6), 983-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.017
Green, P.S. (2003). Synopsis of the Oleaceae from the Indian sub-continent. Kew Bulletin, 58(2), 257-295. https://doi.org/10.2307/4120616
Huang, Yan-Li., Oppong, M.B., Guo, Y., Wang, Li-Zhi., Fang, Shi-Ming., Deng, Yan-Ru., & Gao, Xiu-Mei. (2019). The Oleaceae family: A source of secoiridoids with multiple biological activities. Fitoterapia, 136,104155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2019.04.010
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