Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Microplastics in Coastal Lagoon Sediments: The Case from Küçükçekmece Lagoon

Öz

Rivers, estuaries, and lagoons provide a link between terrestrial and marine ecosystems; however, they reveal a comprehensive profile of microplastic pollution in the sediment structures just like other pollutants. This study aims to determine the microplastic abundance and characterization in the sediment samples of three different aquatic areas (sea, channel, and lake) of Küçükçekmece Lagoon. In this context, 12 month-sediment samples (March 2019 – February 2020) were taken from 5 stations in the lagoon. Microplastic (MP) abundance and physical characterization (size, type, and color) of the microplastics in the sediment samples were performed via stereomicroscope. The mean MP abundance was determined as 2922.32±517.35 MP/kg and the mean MP abundance value was found to be 2.4 times higher than the ones found in the previous studies in Türkiye. It was determined that the fibers (59%) were the dominant MP type, the dominant MP color was black (42%), and 50% of the MP sizes were between 1-100 μm. When the seasonal MP distribution is examined, it was determined that the highest abundance values are in the rainy winter season. The L1 station, which has the highest average MP abundance in the study area, represents the Küçükçekmece Lagoon Connection Area and emerges as the station where all the anthropogenic pressures in the lagoon are felt. This study aims to provide representative data on MP abundance and distribution for similar sediment areas in other parts of the world.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Micropollutant
• plastic
• Size
• Fiber
• coastal area

Kıyı Lagün Sedimentlerinde Mikroplastiklerin Oluşumları ve Mekansal Dağılımları: Küçükçekmece Lagünü Örneği

Öz

Nehir, haliç ve lagünler, karasal ve deniz ekosistemleri arasında bağlantıyı sağlarken, tıpkı diğer kirleticilerde olduğu gibi sediment yapılarında da mikroplastik kirliliği hakkında kapsamlı bir profil ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Küçükçekmece Lagünü’nün üç farklı sucul alanından (deniz, kanal ve göl) alınan sediment örneklerinde mikroplastik bolluğu ve karakterizasyonunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, lagünde belirlenen 5 istasyondan 12 aylık (Mart 2019 – Şubat 2020) sediment örnekleri alınmıştır. Mikroplastik ön işlemlerine tabi tutulan sediment örneklerinde, stereomikroskop ile mikroplastik bolluğu sayımı ve kategorizasyonu (boyut, tip ve renk) yapılmıştır. Ortalama mikroplastik bolluğu 2922,32±517,35 MP/kg olarak belirlenmiş olup, tespit edilen ortalama mikroplastik bolluğu değeri, ülkemizde daha önce yapılmış benzer çalışmalara kıyasla 2,4 kat daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Liflerin (%59) baskın mikroplastik tipi olduğu, baskın mikroplastik renginin siyah (%42) olduğu ve MP boyutlarının %50’sinin 1-100 μm arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mevsimsel mikroplastik dağılımı irdelendiğinde ise, en yüksek bolluk değerlerinin yağışlı sezon olan kış aylarında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma alanında en yüksek ortalama mikroplastik bolluğuna sahip L1 istasyonu, Küçükçekmece Lagünü Bağlantı Alanı temsil etmekte olup, lagündeki tüm antropojenik baskıların hissedildiği istasyon olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, dünyanın diğer bölgelerindeki benzer sediment alanları için mikroplastik bolluğu ve dağılımı hakkında temsili veriler sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mikrokirletici
• plastik
• Boyut
• Lif
• kıyısal alan

Kaynakça

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