Search for Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk and Butter Samples

Öz

In this study, the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk of cows, sheep, goats, buffalo, and cow butter offered for consumption in some settlements in Turkey and Iraq in the Spring of 2022 was investigated and, taking into account legal regulations, it was determined whether it poses a danger to human health. Toxin contents in milk were compared between these sampling points. In the study, 50 raw cow milk, 60 raw sheep milk, 30 raw goat milk, 30 raw buffalo milk, and 40 butter samples were collected and AFM1 presence was analyzed by ELISA method. It was observed that the AFM1 level in the dark and goat milk samples collected from Ankara was statistically significantly higher than those collected from Mosul but did not exceed the European Union and Turkish Food Codex (TFC) limits (50 ng/kg). AFM1 levels in buffalo milk and cow butter sampled from Mosul were observed to be statistically significantly higher than those sampled in Kayseri and Ankara, respectively, and exceeded the TFC limits. It was determined that the AFM1 level of cow milk samples from Ankara and Mosul exceeded the TFC limit. As a result, since the presence of AFM1 detected in buffalo milk, cow milk, and cow butter samples collected from Mosul and cow milk samples collected from Ankara is important for public health, agricultural products used as feed in these regions should be selected correctly, stored under appropriate conditions, routinely analyzed for aflatoxin, and strictly inspected. Furthermore, the organization of training programs on good agricultural practices aimed at educating livestock breeders and milk and dairy product producers and raising producer and consumer awareness are believed to safeguard public health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mikotoksin
• ELISA
• Milk
• Butter

Çiğ Süt ve Tereyağı Örneklerinde Aflatoksin M1 Aranması

Öz

Bu çalışmada, 2022 ilkbahar mevsiminde, Türkiye ve Irak’taki bazı yerleşim yerlerinde tüketime sunulan inek, koyun, keçi, manda çiğ sütlerinde ve inek tereyağında aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) varlığı araştırıldı ve yasal mevzuatlar dikkate alınarak insan sağlığı yönünden tehlike oluşturup oluşturmadığı belirlendi. Sütlerdeki toksin içerikleri, bu örnekleme noktaları arasında karşılaştırıldı. Çalışmada, 50 adet çiğ inek sütü, 60 adet çiğ koyun sütü, 30 adet çiğ keçi sütü, 30 adet çiğ manda sütü ve 40 adet tereyağı örneği toplanarak AFM1 varlığı ELISA yöntemi ile analiz edildi. Ankara’dan toplanan koyu ve keçi sütü örneklerindeki AFM1 düzeyinin, Musul’dan toplananlara göre istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde yüksek olduğu, ancak Avrupa Birliği ve Türk Gıda Kodeksi (TGK) limitini (50 ng/kg) aşmadığı görüldü. Musul’dan örneklenen manda sütü ve inek tereyağındaki AFM1 düzeylerinin, sırasıyla Kayseri ve Ankara’da örneklenenlere göre istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde yüksek olduğu ve TGK limitlerini aştığı gözlendi. İnek sütü örneklerinden ise Ankara ve Musul’dan örneklenenlerin AFM1 düzeyinin TGK limitini aştığı tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, Musul’dan toplanan manda sütü, inek sütü ve inek tereyağı ile Ankara’dan toplanan inek sütü örneklerinde tespit edilen AFM1 varlığının halk sağlığı açısından önemli olması nedeniyle, bu bölgelerde, yem olarak kullanılan tarımsal ürünlerin doğru seçimi, uygun koşullarda muhafaza edilmesi, rutin olarak aflatoksin yönünden analiz edilmesi ve sıkı bir şekilde denetlenmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, besi yetiştiriciliği yapan kişiler ile süt ve süt ürünleri üreticilerinin bilgilendirilmesine yönelik iyi tarım uygulamaları konusunda eğitim programları düzenlenerek üretici ve tüketici bilincinin arttırılması sonucu halk sağlığının korunacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mikotoksin
• Tereyağı
• ELISA
• Süt

Kaynakça

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