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Cold Hardiness in Animals: The Cryobiology of Amphibians

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 242 - 253, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1176451

Öz

Organisms adapt to abiotic environmental conditions in order to survive. Especially environmental temperature changes are effective on their feeding, reproduction, development, and morphology. Extreme temperature changes can be fatal, especially for ectothermic animals. Terrestrial ectotherms have developed some special behavioral, physiological, and biochemical strategies to survive in freezing temperatures in nature. Some species avoid freezing temperatures by migrating and hibernating under water or soil. Others have to spend the winter exposed to freezing conditions. In general, cold hardiness depends on freeze avoidance (supercooling) and freeze tolerance strategies. In the case of freeze avoidance, the liquid form of body fluids is preserved at temperatures below the freezing point, while the freezing of more than 50% of the total water in their bodies can be tolerated in animals using the freeze tolerance strategy. The freeze tolerance strategy, which has also been found in some amphibian and reptile groups from terrestrial hibernator animals, enables them to survive in freezing winter conditions. These special species are protected from the deadly effects of freezing by the cryoprotective mechanisms. These animals, whose vital activities are completely stopped during freezing, return to normal life in a short time after thawing. The research of this miraculous mechanism not only explains the complex adaptation of animals but also provides resources for tissue and cell cryopreservation technology. This review will contribute to those who want to do research on this subject, which has not yet been studied enough, by providing information on the freeze tolerance strategies of amphibians.

Kaynakça

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Hayvanlarda Soğuğa Dayanıklılık: Çift Yaşarların Kriyobiyolojisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 242 - 253, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1176451

Öz

Organizmalar yaşamlarını devam ettirebilmek için abiyotik çevresel koşullara uyum sağlarlar. Özellikle ortam sıcaklığındaki değişimler; canlıların beslenme, üreme, gelişim ve morfolojileri üzerinde etkilidir. Sıra dışı sıcaklık değişimleri özellikle ektotermik hayvanlar için ölümcül olabilir. Karasal ektotermler. doğada donma noktasının altındaki sıcaklıklarda hayatta kalabilmek için davranışsal, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal bazı özel stratejiler geliştirmişlerdir. Bazı türler göç ederek su ya da toprak altında kış uykusuna yatmak suretiyle dondurucu sıcaklıklardan kaçınırlar. Bazıları ise donma koşullarına maruz kalarak kışı geçirmek zorundadırlar. Genel olarak dondurucu soğuğa dayanıklılık donmadan kaçınma (süper soğuma) ve donma toleransı stratejilerine bağlıdır. Donmadan kaçınma durumunda vücut sıvılarının donma noktasının altındaki sıcaklıklarda sıvı formu korunurken donma toleransı stratejisini kullanan canlılarda ise vücutlarındaki toplam suyun %50’sinden fazlasının donması tolere edilebilir. Karasal hibernatör hayvanlardan bazı amfibi ve sürüngen gruplarında da tespit edilen donma toleransı stratejisi onların dondurucu kış koşullarında hayatta kalmalarını sağlamaktadır. Bu özel türler kriyoprotektif mekanizmaları ile donmanın ölümcül etkilerinden korunurlar. Donma süresince yaşamsal faaliyetleri tamamen duran bu hayvanlar çözündükten sonra kısa bir süre içerisinde de normal yaşama dönerler. Bu mucizevi mekanizmanın araştırılması yalnızca hayvanların karmaşık adaptasyonunu açıklamakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda doku ve hücre kriyoprezervasyon teknolojisine de kaynak sağlar. Bu derleme amfibilerin donma toleransı stratejilerine dair bilgiler sunarak henüz yeterince çalışılmamış bu konuda araştırma yapmak isteyenlere katkı sağlayacaktır.

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  • Tejo, B. A., Asmawi, A. A., & Rahman, M. B. A. (2020). Antifreeze Proteins: Characteristics and Potential Applications Bimo. Makara Journal of Science, 24(1), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v24i1.11728
  • Ultsch, G. R. (2006). The Ecology of Overwintering Among Turtles: Where Turtles Overwinter and Its Consequences. Biological Reviews, 81(03), 339. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793106007032
  • Voituron, Y., Barré, H., Ramløv, H., & Douady, C. J. (2009). Freeze Tolerance Evolution Among Anurans: Frequency and Timing of Appearance. Cryobiology, 58(3), 241–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.01.001
  • Voituron, Y., Eugene, M., & Barré, H. (2003). Survival and Metabolic Responses to Freezing by The Water Frog (Rana ridibunda). Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Comparative Experimental Biology, 299A(2), 118–126. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.10285
  • Voituron, Y., Heulin, B., & Surget-Groba, Y. (2004). Comparison of the cold hardiness capacities of the oviparous and viviparous forms of Lacerta vivipara. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 301A(4), 367–373. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.20042
  • Voituron, Y., Joly, P., Eugène, M., & Barré, H. (2005). Freezing Tolerance of The European Water Frogs: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 288(6), R1563–R1570. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00711.2004
  • Voituron, Y., Paaschburg, L., Holmstrup, M., Barré, H., & Ramløv, H. (2009). Survival and Metabolism of Rana arvalis During Freezing. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 179(2), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-008-0307-3
  • Wijeneyaka, S., Storey, K. (2016) The Role of DNA Methylation During Anoxia Tolerance in a Freshwater Turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans). Journal of Comparative Physiology B., 186(3), 333-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-016-0960-x
  • Woods, C. P., Czenze, Z. J., & Brigham, R. M. (2019). The avian “hibernation” enigma: thermoregulatory patterns and roost choice of the common poorwill. Oecologia, 189(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-018-4306-0
  • Yoldaş, T. (2021). Anadolu Dağ Kurbağalarının Kriyobiyoloji Üzerine Araştırmalar (689754). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/giris.jsp.
  • Yoldas, T., & Erismis, U. C. (2021). Response of Anatolian mountain frogs (Rana macrocnemis and Rana holtzi) to freezing, anoxia, and dehydration: Glucose as a cryoprotectant. Cryobiology, 98(November 2020), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.11.019
Toplam 91 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Taner Yoldas 0000-0002-0209-312X

Uğur Cengiz Erişmiş 0000-0002-6958-2016

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 4 Eylül 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Eylül 2022
Kabul Tarihi 10 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yoldas, T., & Erişmiş, U. C. (2022). Hayvanlarda Soğuğa Dayanıklılık: Çift Yaşarların Kriyobiyolojisi. Commagene Journal of Biology, 6(2), 242-253. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1176451
Creative Commons Lisansı Bu dergide yayınlanan eserler  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari-AynıLisanslaPaylaş 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.