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Türkiye’nin Güneybatısında Küçük Bir Ada Populasyonu örneğinde Gümüş Martı (Larus michahellis, Naumann, 1840) Üreme Biyolojisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 232 - 236, 31.12.2022

Hakan Karaardıc , Feyyaz Köse , Yasemin Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1195049

Öz

Kentleşme ve balıkçılık Gümüş martı populasyonlarının Batı Akdeniz’de hızla artmasında etkili olmuştur. Balıkçılık, büyük limanlar ve çöplükler gibi artan gıda kaynakları bu artışın ana sebepleridir. Bu çalışmada, Doğu Akdeniz’de kuluçkaya yatan Gümüş martı üreme biyolojisini belirlemek ve karşılaştırma yapmak amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye’nin güneybatısında yer alan küçük bir ada popülasyonu 2013-2015 yıllarında çalışılmıştır. Tüm yuva alanları tespit edilmiş, işaretlenmiş ve haftada bir gün izlenmiştir. Üreme dönemi Şubat ayı sonlarında başlamış, yuva yapımı ve yumurta bırakma mart ayı başlarında gerçekleşmiş ve yavruların uçmasıyla birlikte tüm popülasyon Haziran ayının ikinci yarısında adadan ayrılmıştır. Kuluçka süresi 29.17±2.85 gün, üreme döneminde sadece bir kuluçka gerçekleştirilmiş ve yuvalara 2 veya 3 yumurta bırakılmıştır. Pırasalı Adası popülasyonunda yıllar arasında çift sayıları ve yuva sayıları açısından küçük bir artış olmasına rağmen, yumurta bırakma tarihi, kuluçka sayısı, yumurtadan çıkan yavru başarısı ve yuvadan uçan yavru başarısı parametrelerinde istatistiksel anlamda bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Yumurtadan çıkan yavru başarısı ve yuvadan uçan yavru başarısı oranları Batı Akdeniz popülasyonlarından daha düşüktür. Predasyon düşük üreme başarısı için düşük bir faktörken, tür içi predasyon belki etkili olabilir, ancak yumurtadan çıkan yavrular için düşük besin bolluğu temel etkidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Üreme başarısı yavru besin kuluçka Gümüşi martı

Destekleyen Kurum

Akdeniz Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Proje Numarası

2014.01.0154.001

Kaynakça

  • Arizaga, J., Aldalur, A., Herrero, A., & Galicia, D. (2008). Sex differentiation of Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis lusitanius): the use of Biometrics, bill morphometrics and wing tip coloration. Waterbirds, 31 (2), 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[211:SDOYGL]2.0.CO;2
  • Arizaga, J., Herrero, A., Galarza, A., Hidalgo, J., Aldalur, A., Cuadrado, J.F., & Ocio, G. (2010). First-year movements of Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis lusitanius) from the Southeastern Bay of Biscay. Waterbirds, 33 (4), 444-450. https://doi.org/10.1675/063.033.0403
  • Ayaş, Z., Çelikkan, H., & Aksu, M.L. (2008). Lead and Cupper concentration in the egg shells of Audouin’s gull (Larus audouinii) in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 32 (4), 379-384. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/vol32/iss4/3/
  • Ayvaz, Y. (1988). The breeding of the herring gull (Larus argentatus). Journal of Fırat University, 3, 53-60.
  • Belant, J.L. (1997). Gulls in urban environments: landscape-level management to reduce conflict. Landscape and Urban Planning, 38, 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00037-6
  • Blokpoel, H., & Spaans, L. (1991). Superabundance in gulls: causes, problems and solutions. Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici (ed. BD Bell), pp 2361-2364.
  • Bosch, M., Oro, D., & Ruiz, X. (1994). Dependence of yellow-legged Gulls (Larus cachinnans) on food from human activity in two western Mediterranean colonies. Avocetta, 18, 135-139.
  • Bosch, M., Oro, D., Cantos, F.J., & Zabala, M. (2000). Short-term effects of culling on the ecology and the population dynamics of the Yellow-legged gull. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37, 369-385.
  • Ceyhan, T. & Akyol, O. (2020). Some interactions between coastal fisheries and sea birds in Aegean Sea. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(2), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.37.2.04
  • Cramp, S. (1998). The complete birds of the western Palearctic on CD-Rom. Oxford Uni. Press, Oxford.
  • Dolbeer, R.A., Belant, J.L., & Bernhardt, G.E. (1997). Aerial photography techniques to estimate populations of Laughing Gull nests in Jamaica Bay, New York, 1992-1995. Colonial Waterbirds, 20(1), 8-13. https://doi.org/10.2307/1521758
  • Duhem, C., Roche, P., Vidal, E., & Tatoni, T. (2007). Effects of antropogenic food resources on yellow-legged gull colony size on mediterranean islands. Population Ecology, 50, 91-100.
  • Dytham, C. (2011). Choosing and using statistics: a biologist’s guide. London, Wiley & Sons.
  • Ekmekci, A.İ. (2011). Bio-ecology of Yellow-legged gull (Larus cachinnans) population on Kızkalesi Island (Beyşehir Lake, Isparta). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Karaardıç, H., Köse, F., & Kocakahya, V. (2013). Pırasalı Island: Paradise of Alpine swift (Apus melba), Adrasan, Kumluca, Antalya. Nature and Man, June 2013, 3-10.
  • Karaardıç, H. (2020). New breeding site of Eleonora’s falcon (Falco eleonorae) and Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) in Southern Türkiye. Adıyaman University Journal of Science, 10(1) 22-28. https://doi.org/10.37094/adyujsci.684417
  • Kilpi, M. & Öst, M. (1998). Reduced availability of refuse and breeding output in a herring gull (Larus argentatus) colony. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 35(1), 37-42. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23735584
  • Kiziroğlu, İ. (2009). Birds of Türkiye. Ankamat matbaası, Ankara, 564 pp.
  • Liebers, D., Helbig, A.J., & De Knijff, P. (2001). Genetic differentiation and phylogeography of gulls in the Larus cachinnans-fuscus group (Aves, Charadriiformes). Mol. Ecol. 10, 2447-2462.
  • Martinez-Abrain, A., Gonzales-Solis, J., Pedrocchi, V., Genovart, M., Abella, J.C., Ruiz, X., …, & Oro, D. (2003). Kleptoparasitism, disturbance and predation of yellow-legged gulls in three colonies of the western Mediterranean Scientia Marina, 67, 89-94. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2003.67s289
  • Meier, C.M., Karaardıç, H., Aymi, R., Peev, S.G., Baechler, E., Weber, R., …, & Liechti, F. (2018). What makes Alpine swift ascend at twilight? Novel geolocators reveal year-round flight behaviour. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 72-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-017-2438-6
  • Meier, C.M., Karaardıç, H., Aymi, R., Peev, S.G., Witvliet, W., & Liechti, F. (2020). Population-specific adjustment of the annual cycle in a super-swift trans-Saharan migrant. Journal of Avian Biology, e02515. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.02515
  • Monaghan, P., Shedden, C.D., Ensor, K., Fricker, C.R., & Girdwood, R.W.A. (1985). Salmonella carriage by herring gulls in the Clyde area of Scotland in relation to their feeding ecology. Journal of Applied Ecology, 22, 669-680. https://doi.org/10.2307/2403220
  • Perez, C., Velando, A., & Dominguez, J. (2006). Parental food conditions affect sex-specific embryo mortality in the Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis). Journal of Ornithology, 147, 513-519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-006-0074-4
  • Pons, J.M. (1992). Effects of changes in the availability of human refuse on breeding parameters in a herring gull Larus argentatus population in Brittany, France. Ardea, 80, 143-150. https://avibirds.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/zilvermeeuw7.pdf
  • Ramos, R., Tamirez, F., Sanpera, C., Jover, L., & Ruiz, X. (2009). Diet of yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) chicks along the Spanish western Mediterranean coast: The relevance of the refuse dumps. Journal of Ornithology, 150, 265-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-008-0346-2
  • Rubolini, D., Romano, M., Boncoraglio, G., Ferrari, R.P., Martinelli, R., Galeotti, P, …, & Saino, N. (2005). Effects of elevated egg corticosterone levels on behavior, growth and immunity of Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis) chicks. Hormones and Behavior, 47, 592-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.01.006
  • Rubolini, D., Romano, M., Navara, K.J., Karadas, F., Ambrosini, R., Caprioli, M., & Saino, N. (2011). Maternal effects mediated by egg quality in the Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis in relation to laying order and embryo sex. Frontiers in Zoology, 8, 24-38. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-8-24
  • Oro, D., Martinez-Abrain, A., Paracuellos, M., Nevado, J.C., & Genovart, M. (2006). Influence of density dependence on predator-prey seabird interactions at large spatio-temporal scales. Proceeding of The Royal Society B, 273, 379-383. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3287
  • Smith, G.C., & Carlile, N. (1993). Methods for population control within a silver gull colony. Wildlife Research, 20, 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR9930219
  • Svensson, L., Mullarney, K., Zetterström, D., & Grant, P.J. (2009). Collins Bird Guide. Collins, 448 s.
  • Tabur, M.A. (2002). Göller Bölgesi (Gölhisar Gölü, Burdur Gölü, Eğirdir Gölü, Kovada Gölü, Beyşehir Gölü) kuşlarının biyoekolojisi. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Tabur, M.A. & Ayvaz, Y. (2005). Birds of lake Beyşehir (Isparta-Konya). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 29 (4), 361-369. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/vol29/iss4/12
  • Vidal, E., Medail, F., & Tatoni, T. (1998). Is the yellow-legged gull a superabundant bird species in the Mediterranean? Impact on fauna and flora, conservation measures and research priorities. Biodiversity and Conservation, 7, 1013-1026. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008805030578

Breeding Biology of the Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis, Naumann, 1840): a Small Island Population in Southwestern Türkiye

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 232 - 236, 31.12.2022

Hakan Karaardıc , Feyyaz Köse , Yasemin Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1195049

Öz

Urbanization and fisheries affected a rapid increase in seagull populations in western Mediterranean populations of the yellow-legged gull. The main reason is the increased food resources such as fisheries, big ports, and dumps. In this study, we aimed to understand and to compare the breeding biology of the yellow-legged gull in eastern Mediterranean. We studied on the small island in southwestern Türkiye between 2013 and 2015. All nesting sites were determined, marked, and monitored once a week. The breeding season has started in late February, nesting and laying eggs have started at the beginning of March, and they left the island in the second half of June after fledging. The incubation period is 29.17±2.85 days, only one clutch in a season and 2 or 3 eggs were laid in the nests. There was a slight increase in the number of pairs and nests between years but there is no significant difference in all parameters such as laying date, clutch size, hatching and fledging success in Pırasalı Island population and the rate of both hatching and fledging success are lower than western Mediterranean populations. While predation is the weakest factor for lower breeding success, intraspecific predation may be the factor but the main effect is the lower food abundance for the hatchlings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Breeding fledgling food nesting yellow-legged gull

Proje Numarası

2014.01.0154.001

Kaynakça

  • Arizaga, J., Aldalur, A., Herrero, A., & Galicia, D. (2008). Sex differentiation of Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis lusitanius): the use of Biometrics, bill morphometrics and wing tip coloration. Waterbirds, 31 (2), 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[211:SDOYGL]2.0.CO;2
  • Arizaga, J., Herrero, A., Galarza, A., Hidalgo, J., Aldalur, A., Cuadrado, J.F., & Ocio, G. (2010). First-year movements of Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis lusitanius) from the Southeastern Bay of Biscay. Waterbirds, 33 (4), 444-450. https://doi.org/10.1675/063.033.0403
  • Ayaş, Z., Çelikkan, H., & Aksu, M.L. (2008). Lead and Cupper concentration in the egg shells of Audouin’s gull (Larus audouinii) in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 32 (4), 379-384. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/vol32/iss4/3/
  • Ayvaz, Y. (1988). The breeding of the herring gull (Larus argentatus). Journal of Fırat University, 3, 53-60.
  • Belant, J.L. (1997). Gulls in urban environments: landscape-level management to reduce conflict. Landscape and Urban Planning, 38, 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00037-6
  • Blokpoel, H., & Spaans, L. (1991). Superabundance in gulls: causes, problems and solutions. Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici (ed. BD Bell), pp 2361-2364.
  • Bosch, M., Oro, D., & Ruiz, X. (1994). Dependence of yellow-legged Gulls (Larus cachinnans) on food from human activity in two western Mediterranean colonies. Avocetta, 18, 135-139.
  • Bosch, M., Oro, D., Cantos, F.J., & Zabala, M. (2000). Short-term effects of culling on the ecology and the population dynamics of the Yellow-legged gull. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37, 369-385.
  • Ceyhan, T. & Akyol, O. (2020). Some interactions between coastal fisheries and sea birds in Aegean Sea. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(2), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.37.2.04
  • Cramp, S. (1998). The complete birds of the western Palearctic on CD-Rom. Oxford Uni. Press, Oxford.
  • Dolbeer, R.A., Belant, J.L., & Bernhardt, G.E. (1997). Aerial photography techniques to estimate populations of Laughing Gull nests in Jamaica Bay, New York, 1992-1995. Colonial Waterbirds, 20(1), 8-13. https://doi.org/10.2307/1521758
  • Duhem, C., Roche, P., Vidal, E., & Tatoni, T. (2007). Effects of antropogenic food resources on yellow-legged gull colony size on mediterranean islands. Population Ecology, 50, 91-100.
  • Dytham, C. (2011). Choosing and using statistics: a biologist’s guide. London, Wiley & Sons.
  • Ekmekci, A.İ. (2011). Bio-ecology of Yellow-legged gull (Larus cachinnans) population on Kızkalesi Island (Beyşehir Lake, Isparta). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Karaardıç, H., Köse, F., & Kocakahya, V. (2013). Pırasalı Island: Paradise of Alpine swift (Apus melba), Adrasan, Kumluca, Antalya. Nature and Man, June 2013, 3-10.
  • Karaardıç, H. (2020). New breeding site of Eleonora’s falcon (Falco eleonorae) and Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) in Southern Türkiye. Adıyaman University Journal of Science, 10(1) 22-28. https://doi.org/10.37094/adyujsci.684417
  • Kilpi, M. & Öst, M. (1998). Reduced availability of refuse and breeding output in a herring gull (Larus argentatus) colony. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 35(1), 37-42. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23735584
  • Kiziroğlu, İ. (2009). Birds of Türkiye. Ankamat matbaası, Ankara, 564 pp.
  • Liebers, D., Helbig, A.J., & De Knijff, P. (2001). Genetic differentiation and phylogeography of gulls in the Larus cachinnans-fuscus group (Aves, Charadriiformes). Mol. Ecol. 10, 2447-2462.
  • Martinez-Abrain, A., Gonzales-Solis, J., Pedrocchi, V., Genovart, M., Abella, J.C., Ruiz, X., …, & Oro, D. (2003). Kleptoparasitism, disturbance and predation of yellow-legged gulls in three colonies of the western Mediterranean Scientia Marina, 67, 89-94. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2003.67s289
  • Meier, C.M., Karaardıç, H., Aymi, R., Peev, S.G., Baechler, E., Weber, R., …, & Liechti, F. (2018). What makes Alpine swift ascend at twilight? Novel geolocators reveal year-round flight behaviour. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 72-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-017-2438-6
  • Meier, C.M., Karaardıç, H., Aymi, R., Peev, S.G., Witvliet, W., & Liechti, F. (2020). Population-specific adjustment of the annual cycle in a super-swift trans-Saharan migrant. Journal of Avian Biology, e02515. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.02515
  • Monaghan, P., Shedden, C.D., Ensor, K., Fricker, C.R., & Girdwood, R.W.A. (1985). Salmonella carriage by herring gulls in the Clyde area of Scotland in relation to their feeding ecology. Journal of Applied Ecology, 22, 669-680. https://doi.org/10.2307/2403220
  • Perez, C., Velando, A., & Dominguez, J. (2006). Parental food conditions affect sex-specific embryo mortality in the Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis). Journal of Ornithology, 147, 513-519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-006-0074-4
  • Pons, J.M. (1992). Effects of changes in the availability of human refuse on breeding parameters in a herring gull Larus argentatus population in Brittany, France. Ardea, 80, 143-150. https://avibirds.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/zilvermeeuw7.pdf
  • Ramos, R., Tamirez, F., Sanpera, C., Jover, L., & Ruiz, X. (2009). Diet of yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) chicks along the Spanish western Mediterranean coast: The relevance of the refuse dumps. Journal of Ornithology, 150, 265-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-008-0346-2
  • Rubolini, D., Romano, M., Boncoraglio, G., Ferrari, R.P., Martinelli, R., Galeotti, P, …, & Saino, N. (2005). Effects of elevated egg corticosterone levels on behavior, growth and immunity of Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis) chicks. Hormones and Behavior, 47, 592-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.01.006
  • Rubolini, D., Romano, M., Navara, K.J., Karadas, F., Ambrosini, R., Caprioli, M., & Saino, N. (2011). Maternal effects mediated by egg quality in the Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis in relation to laying order and embryo sex. Frontiers in Zoology, 8, 24-38. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-8-24
  • Oro, D., Martinez-Abrain, A., Paracuellos, M., Nevado, J.C., & Genovart, M. (2006). Influence of density dependence on predator-prey seabird interactions at large spatio-temporal scales. Proceeding of The Royal Society B, 273, 379-383. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3287
  • Smith, G.C., & Carlile, N. (1993). Methods for population control within a silver gull colony. Wildlife Research, 20, 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR9930219
  • Svensson, L., Mullarney, K., Zetterström, D., & Grant, P.J. (2009). Collins Bird Guide. Collins, 448 s.
  • Tabur, M.A. (2002). Göller Bölgesi (Gölhisar Gölü, Burdur Gölü, Eğirdir Gölü, Kovada Gölü, Beyşehir Gölü) kuşlarının biyoekolojisi. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Tabur, M.A. & Ayvaz, Y. (2005). Birds of lake Beyşehir (Isparta-Konya). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 29 (4), 361-369. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/vol29/iss4/12
  • Vidal, E., Medail, F., & Tatoni, T. (1998). Is the yellow-legged gull a superabundant bird species in the Mediterranean? Impact on fauna and flora, conservation measures and research priorities. Biodiversity and Conservation, 7, 1013-1026. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008805030578
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hakan Karaardıc 0000-0001-9839-4201

Feyyaz Köse 0000-0002-3543-4584

Yasemin Öztürk 0000-0002-9815-087X

Proje Numarası 2014.01.0154.001
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 4 Eylül 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ekim 2022
Kabul Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaardıc, H., Köse, F., & Öztürk, Y. (2022). Breeding Biology of the Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis, Naumann, 1840): a Small Island Population in Southwestern Türkiye. Commagene Journal of Biology, 6(2), 232-236. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1195049
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