Deepfake Çağında Güvenlik Sorunsalı

Öz

Yapay zekanın son zamanlarda kaydettiği pratik ilerlemeler, sahte haberlerin bir türü olarak kabul edilebilecek deepfake fenomeninin ortaya çıkmasına da neden olmuştur. Deepfake, gerçekçi dijital ürünlerin oluşturulması olgusudur ve son yıllarda sosyal medyada çok sayıda ses, metin ve video ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle, deepfake oluşturmak için gereken teknik uzmanlık ve ekipman gereksiniminin düşük olması, bu tür içeriklerin herkes tarafından kolayca üretilip çevrimiçi olarak dağıtılabilmesi anlamına gelmektedir. Bu araştırma, medya ve toplum, medya üretimi, medya temsilleri, medya izleyicileri, cinsiyet, hukuk ve düzenlemeler ile siyaset gibi çok yönlü bakış açılarıyla deepfake'leri incelemektedir. Bu çalışmada, materyaller belge analizi yönteminden yararlanılarak elde edilmiştir. Deepfake olgusunu ele alan temel literatür dikkate alınmış ve teknik raporlar, basın bültenleri, yasa teklifleri ve serbestçe erişilebilen internet platformlarında bulunan görsel-işitsel materyallerin analizi yapılmıştır. Olgunun araştırılmasında seçilen farklı açılar, kategorilerin birbirleriyle ve kendi içlerinde nasıl bağlantılı olduklarını ve farklı düzeylerde nasıl etkileşime girdiklerini araştırmak için kullanılabilen bir yaklaşım olan kesişimsellikten esinlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak toplumun deepfake'lerin ortaya çıkmasıyla herhangi bir düzeyde başa çıkmaya hazır olunmadığını göstermektedir. Şimdiye kadar ciddi bir etki görmemiş olunması, bu teknolojinin henüz gelişiminin erken aşamasında olması ve sorunu ele almak için eksiklikler içermesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu sorunun çözülmesi için teknoloji, eğitim, öğretim ve yönetişimin bir arada kullanılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay zeka
• Deepfake
• Dijital medya
• Temsil

Security Issue in the Age of Deepfakes

Öz

Recent practical advances in artificial intelligence have also led to the emergence of the deepfake phenomenon, which can be considered a type of fake news. Deepfake is the creation of realistic digital products, and in recent years, numerous audio, text, and video deepfakes have appeared on social media. In particular, the low level of technical expertise and equipment required to create deepfakes means that such content can be easily produced and distributed online by anyone. This research examines deepfakes from multiple perspectives, including media and society, media production, media representations, media audiences, gender, law and regulations, and politics. In this study, materials were obtained using document analysis methods. The basic literature addressing the phenomenon of deepfakes was taken into consideration, and technical reports, press releases, legislative proposals, and audiovisual materials available on freely accessible internet platforms were analyzed. The different angles chosen in the investigation of the phenomenon are inspired by intersectionality, an approach that can be used to explore how categories are connected to each other and within themselves, and how they interact at different levels. As a result, it shows that society is not prepared to deal with deepfakes at any level. The fact that no significant impact has been seen so far is due to the fact that this technology is still in its early stages of development and has shortcomings in addressing the problem. To solve this problem, technology, education, teaching, and governance must be used together.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial intelligence
• Deepfakes
• Digital media
• Representation
• Society.

Kaynakça

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