Termik Santrallerin Etrafındaki Topraklarda Ağır Metal Kapsamlarının Belirlenmesi: Çanakkale Örneği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 367 - 380, 28.12.2022

Mehmet Parlak , İsmail Tas , Ceren Görgişen

https://doi.org/10.33202/comuagri.1176403

Cited By: 2

https://izlik.org/JA32HF39TC

Öz

Kömürle çalışan termik santrallerin faaliyetleri sonucu etrafa yayılan en önemli kirleticilerden birisi de ağır metallerdir. Ağır metaller toprakta birikerek kirliliğe neden olmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı Çanakkale’deki 3 termik santralin(Bekirli, Değirmencik, Çan 18 Mart) etrafından rastgele alınmış yüzey topraklarında(0-5 cm) ağır metal konsantrasyonları ile ağır metallerin çevresel risklerini saptamaktır. Toprakların ağır metal analizleri ICP-OES kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Biga’daki(Bekirli ve Değirmencik) termik santrallerin etrafından alınmış topraklarda Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni ve Zn konsantrasyonu dünya topraklarından yüksek; Co, Cr ve Pb konsantrasyonu ise dünya topraklarından düşük saptanmıştır. Çan 18 Mart Termik Santrali etrafındaki topraklarda Cd, Mn ve Zn konsantrasyonu dünya topraklarından yüksek; Co, Cr, Cu, Ni ve Pb konsantrasyonu ise dünya topraklarından düşük belirlenmiştir. Hem Biga hem de Çan’daki termik santrallerde kirlilik faktörü Cd hariç diğer ağır metallerde (Mn, Pb ve Zn) orta düzeyde saptanmıştır. 3 termik santralin etrafındaki topraklar jeobirikim indeks değerlerine göre kirlenmemiş(Cd) ile aşırı derecede kirlenmiş(Mn) aralığında olup; kirlilik yük indeksine göre ise Cd, Cu, Mn ve Zn’da kirlenme saptanmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağır metaller , Toprak kirliliği , Termik santral

Destekleyen Kurum

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri

Proje Numarası

FBA-2016-1047

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimince desteklenmiştir. Proje Numarası: FBA-2016-1047.

Kaynakça

• Agrawal, P., Mittal, A., Prakash, R., Kumar, M., Singh, T.B., Tripathi, S.K., 2010. Assessment of contamination of soil due to heavy metals around coal fired thermal power plants at Singrauli Region of India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 85: 219–223.
• Akbay, C., Aytop, H., Dikici, H., 2022. Evaluation of radioactive and heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil surrounding the lignite-fired thermal power plant using pollution indices. International Journal of Environmental Health Research https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2022.2102157
• Ateş, Ö., Taşpınar, K., Yalçın, G., Kızılaslan, F., Pınar, M.Ö., Toprak, S., Alveroğlu, V., Yavuz, R., Özen, D., 2022. Ecological and contamination assessment of soil in the region of coal-fired thermal power plant. International Journal of Environmental Health Research https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2022.2108384
• Bozcu, M., Akgün, F., Gürdal, G., Bozcu, A., Yeşilyurt, S.K., Karaca, Ö., Akkiraz, S.M., 2015. Evolution of Çan-Etili (Çanakkale-NW Turkey) lignite basin: Sedimentology, petrology, palynology and lignite characterization. Int. J. Sediment Res. 30: 190–207.
• Cujic, M., Dragovic, S., Dordevic, M., Dragovic, R., Gajic, B., 2016. Environmental assessment of heavy metals around the largest coal fired power plant in Serbia. Catena 139: 44-52.
• ESRI, 2009. Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. ArcGIS 10.1: Getting Started with ArcGIS Available online: http://downloads.esri.com/support/documentation/ao_/1003Getting_Started_with_ArcGIS.pdf (erişim tarihi 12 Temmuz 2022).
• Gee, G. W., Or, D., 2002. Particle-size analysis. In: Dane, J. H., Topp, G. C. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4, Physical Methods. 255–293.SSSA Book Series 5. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
• Hu, X., Zhang, Y., Ding, Z. H., Wang, T. J., Lian, H. Z., Sun, Y. Y., Wu, J, C., 2012. Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic and heavy metals (Cd, Co,Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn) in TSP and PM2:5 in Nanjing, China. Atmospheric Environment 57: 146–152.
• Huang, X., Hu, J., Qin, F., Quan, W., Cao,R., Fan, M., Wu, X., 2017. Heavy metal pollution and ecological assessment around the Jinsha Coal-Fired Power Plant (China). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14:1589. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14121589.
• Joshy, G., Reginald, E. M., Lal, C.R., Tarit, B. D., Tofan, K. R., Mahesh, M., 2015. Human exposure risks for metals in soil near a coal-fired power-generating plant. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 68: 451-461.
• Kabata-Pendias, A., 2011. Trace Elements of Soils and Plants, fourth ed. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, USA, p. 505.
• Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Güven, A., Timur, S., 2003. Metallerin çevresel etkileri -I. Metalurji Dergisi 136: 47-53.
• Lermi, A., Sunkari, E. D., 2021. Pollution and probabilistic human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the soil-water-plant system in the Bolkar mining district, Niğde, south-central Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15398-w
• Linnik, V.G., Minkina, T.M., Bauer, T.V., Saveliev, A.A., Mandzhieva, S.S., 2019. Geochemical assessmnet and spatial analysis of heavy metals pollution around coal-fired power station. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 42: 4087–4100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00361-z
• Long, Z., Huang, Y., Zhang, W., Shi, Z., Yu, D., Chen, Y., Liu, C., Wang, R., 2021. Effect of different industrial activities on soil heavy metal pollution, ecological risk, and health risk. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 193: 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08807-z
• Lu, X., Zhao, C., Chen, C., 2013. Environmental assessment of heavy metal and natural radioactivity in soil around a coal-fired power plant in China. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 295: 1845-1854.
• Mandal, S., Bhattacharya, S., Paul, S., 2022. Assessing the level of contamination of metals in surface soils at thermal power area: Evidence from developing country(India). Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology 4: 37-49.
• MGM, 2018. Çanakkale iklim verileri, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü (yayınlanmamış).
• Minkina, T., Konstantinova, E., Bauer, T., Mandzhieva, S., Sushkova, S., Chaplygin, V., Burachevskaya, M., Nazarenko, O., Kızılkaya, R., Gülser, C., Maksimov, A., 2021. Environmental and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soils around the largest coal-fired power station in Southern Russia. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 43: 2285-2300.
• Muller, G., 1969. Index of geoaccumalation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal 2: 103-118.
• Mutluay, İ., 2020. Kaz Dağları’nın Çığlığı. Suyun ve Rüzgarın Şehri: Çanakkale. 315-323 ss. Editör: Dizman, İ., İletişim Yayınları 2912, Memleket Kitapları 37, İstanbul.
• Nelson, R.E., Sommers, L.E., 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In: Sparks, D. L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. 961-1010. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
• Olumuyiwa, O. O., Simiso, D., Omotayo, R. A., Mathew, M.N., 2014. Assessing the enrichment of heavy metals in surface soil and plant (Digitaria eriantha) around coal-fired power plants in South Africa. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21: 4686–4696.
• Özkul, C., 2016. Heavy metal contamination in soils around Tunçbilek Thermal Power Plant (Kütahya,Turkey). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188(5): 284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5295-2
• Parlak, M., Taş, İ., Görgişen, C., Durak, E., 2017. Çan Termik Santrali etrafındaki topraklarda radyonüklitlerin belirlenmesi. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 5 (2): 45–53.
• Parlak, M., Tunçay, T., Botsou, F., 2022. Heavy metals in soil and sand from playgrounds of Çanakkale city (Turkey), and related health risks for children. Sustainability 14: 1145. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su14031145
• Pastrana-Corral, M.A., Wakida, F.T., Temores-Pena, J., Rodriguez-Mendivil, D.D., Garcia-Flores, E., Pinon-Colin, T.D.J., Quinonez-Plaza, A., 2017. Heavy metal pullution in the soil surrounding a thermal power plant in Playas de Rosarito, Mexico. Environmental Earth Sciences 76: 583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6928-7.
• Rahmanian, M., Safari,Y., 2020. Contamination factor and pollution load index to estimate source apportionment of selected heavy metals in soils around a cement factory, SW Iran. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, https://doi.org/ 10.1080/03650340.2020.1861252.
• Rhoades, J.D., 1996. Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. In: Sparks, D. L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. 417-436. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
• Savcı, S., 2012. An agricultural pollutant: Chemical fertilizer. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 3(1):77-80.
• Silva Junior, F.M.R., Ramires, P.F., Santos, M.D., Seus, E.R., Soares, M.C.F., Muccillo-Baisch, A.L., Mirlean, N., Baisch, P.R.M., 2019. Distribution of potentially harmful elements in soils around a large coal-fired power plant. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 41: 2131–2143.
• Tanic, M.N., Cujic, M., Dragovic, S., Dakovic, M., 2019. Ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metals pollution in soil around the Thermal Power Plant “Nikola Tesla A”. Facta Universitatis. Series: Working and Living Environmental Protection 16(2): 67-82.
• Thomas, G.W., 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. In: Sparks, D. L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. 475-490. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
• Toprak Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeliği, 2005. Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 31.05.2015 Resmi Gazete Sayısı: 25831.
• Tsikritzis, L.I., Ganatsiosis, S.S., Duliu, O.G., Costas, V.K., Sawidis, T.D., 2002. Trace elements distribution in soil in areas of lignite power plants of Western Macedonia. Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques 20(2): 269-282.
• Turhan, Ş., Garad A.M.L., Hançerlioğulları, A., Kurnaz, A., Gören, E., Duran, C., Karataşlı, M., Altıkulaç, A., Savacı, G., Aydın, A., 2020. Ecological assessment of heavy metals in soil around a coal‑fired thermal power plant in Turkey. Environmental Earth Sciences 79: 134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-8864-1
• USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), 1996. Method 3050B: Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, and Soils. (Revision 2).
• Yılmaz, Ş., 2017. Türkiye’ de termik santrallerin detaylı dökümü (envanteri) ve santraller hakkında genel bilgiler. Türkiye’ de Termik Santraller 2017. TMMOB Makine Mühendisleri Odası Yayın No: MMO/668, Ankara. ss.167-222.
• Wedepohl, K.H., 1995. The composition of the continental crust. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59(7):1217–1232.
• Yiğitbaş, E., Tunç, İ.O., 2020. Biga Yarımadası’nda Sakarya zonunun prekambriyen metamorfik kayaları; Geç ediyakaran gondwanaland aktif kıta kenarı. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 63: 277-302.
• Zhang, X., Yang,H., Sun, R., Cui, M., Sun, N., Zhang, S., 2022. Evaluation and analysis of heavy metals in iron and steel industrial area. Environment, Development and Sustainabilty 24: 10997-11010.