The Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Cane Girdling of Applications on Crimson Seedless Grape Variety of Cluster and Berry Characteristics

Öz

‘Crimson Seedless’ grape variety is a late maturity and small berry size. Berry size is one of the most important quality parameters of table grapes. This trial was carried out in the Crimson Seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) grower vineyard in Sarıgöl (dadağlı) locality of Manisa province in the 2022 vegetation period. A randomized complete block design was used with vines as blocks and clusters as the experimental unit’s four treatments and four replications. Vine bunches of Crimson Seedless grape variety, ten years old, were sprayed extensively with a GA3 (Gibberellic Acid) solution (20 mg L-1) on the 25th of April 10th of May, and 10th of June/2022, while girdling (G) was applied from removing 3 mm diameter bark all around from 10 cm below the top of the vine trunk at fruit set stage. Control (C) only water was sprayed. This study aimed to reveal gibberellic acid and cane girdling applications on Crimson Seedless cluster and berry characteristics. Harvest (oBrix 19) was done on the 10th of October/2022 and after that, the cluster weight (g), cluster length (cm), cluster width (cm), berry weight (g), berry length (mm), berry diameter (mm), berry length/berry diameter, total soluble solid, total acidity and maturity index were determined in fresh fruit samples randomly taken from each vine. It was found that all applications generally had statistically (P<0.05) significant effects on grape cluster weight, cluster length, cluster width, berry weight, berry length (BL), berry diameter BD), BL/BD, total soluble solid, total acidity, and maturity index in Crimson Seedless variety. As a result of this study, general recommendations are made of GA3+G, and G as the most suitable applications for growing the Crimson Seedless table grape variety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Crimson Seedless
• girdling
• GA3

Gibberellik Asit ve Bilezlk Alma Uygulamalarının Crimson Seedless Üzüm çeşidinin Salkım ve Tane Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

‘Crimson Seedless' üzüm çeşidi, geç olgunlaşan ve küçük taneli bir üzüm çeşididir. Tane iriliği sofralık üzümlerin en önemli kalite parametrelerinden biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Gibberellik Asit (GA3) ve Bilezik Alma (BA) uygulamalarının Crimson Seedless üzüm çeşidinin salkım ve tane özellikleri üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu deneme 2022 vejetasyon sezonunda Manisa ili Sarıgöl (dadağlı) mevkiinde Crimson Seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) üretici bağında yürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf blokları desenine göre 4 uygulama ve 4 tekerrürlü olarak düzenlenmiştir. On yaşındaki Crimson Seedless üzüm çeşidinin somaklarına 25 Nisan, 10 Mayıs ve 10 Haziran/2022 tarihlerinde GA3 (Gibberellik Asit) çözeltisinden (20 mg L-1) yoğun bir şekilde püskürtülmüştür. Gövdenin üst kısmından meyve tutumunda bilezik alma (BA) yapılmıştır. Hasat 10 Ekim 2022 tarihinde yapılmıştır ve a salkım ağırlığı (g), salkım uzunluğu (cm), salkım genişliği (cm), tane ağırlığı (g), tane uzunluğu (mm), tane çapı (mm), tane uzunluğu/tane çapı, toplam çözünebilir kuru madde, toplam asitlik ve olgunluk indeksi rastgele alınan örneklerde belirlenmiştir. Tüm uygulamaların genel olarak Crimson Seedless üzüm çeşidinin salkımı ağırlığı, salkım uzunluğu, salkım genişliği, tane ağırlığı, tane uzunluğu (TU), tane çapı (TÇ), TU/TÇ, toplam çözünebilir kuru madde, toplam asitlik ve olgunlaşma indeksi üzerinde istatistiksel olarak (P<0.05) önemli etkilere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın sonuçları olarak sofralık Crimson Seedless üzüm çeşidi yetiştiriciliği için genel olarak en iyi sonuç veren uygulamalar GA3+Bilezik Alma kombinasyonu ve Bilezik Alma şeklinde önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Crimson Seedless
• bilezik alma
• GA3
• asma

Kaynakça

1. Abd El-Razek, E., Treutter, D., Saleh, M.M., El-Shammaa, M., Fouad, A., Abdel-Hamid, N., Abou-Rawasch, M., 2010. Effect of defoliation and fruit thinning quality of Crimson seedless grape. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 6:289-295.
2. Abu-Zahra, T.R., Naseri. M., 2012. Influence of gibberellic acid and cane girdling on berry size of Black Magic grape cultivar. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research. 11 (6):718-722.
3. Abu-Zahra, T.R., 2010. Berry size of Thompson seedless as influenced by the application of gibberellic acid and cane girdling. Pak. J. Bot. 42:1755-1760.
4. Amerine, M.A, Creuess, W.V., 1960. The Technology of Wine Making. Avi. Publishing Co. Westport, Connecticut. pp 84-88.
5. Anonymous, 2022a. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1001 (10 April 2023).
6. Anonymous, 2022b.https://www.mgm.gov.tr/ veridegerlendirme / il- ve – ilceler - istatistik. Aspx ? m = Sarıgöl (4 April 2023).
7. Avenant, J.H., Avenant, E., 2006. Effect of gibberellic acid and CPPU on color and berry size of ‘Redglobe’ Grapes two on two soil types. Acta Hort. 727:371-379.
8. Bahar, E., Çelik, S., Korkutal, D.İ., Çevik, İ., Ciciler, Ö., 1998. The effect of girdling on berry and cluster quality on ‘Tekirdağ Çekirdeksizi’ grape variety. Yalova, 4th Viticulture Symposium (20-23 October,) pp 372-376.

9. Brar, H.S., Singh, Z., Swinny, E., Cameron, I., 2008. Girdling and grapevine leaf-associated roll-associated viruses affect berry weight, colour development, and accumulation of anthocyanins in ‘Crimson Seedless grapes during maturation and ripening. Plant Science. 175:885-897.
10. Brown, K., Jackson, D.I., Steans, G.F., 1988. Effects of Claremont, girdling, and tipping on berry set in Vitis vinifera L. Am. J. Enol. Viticulture. 39 (1):91-94.
11. Camcı, H., Çoban, H., 2016. The Effect of Applications GA3, Cluster Tipping and Girdling on Yield and Quality in Superior Seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) Grape Variety. Journal of Ege Univ. Agric. Fac. 53(3):351-358.
12. Conte, A., Mastromatteo, M., Antonacci, D.M., Del Nobile, M.A., 2010. Influence of cultural practices and packaging materials on table grape quality. Journal of Food Process Engineering. 35:701-707.
13. Dokoozlian, N., Luvisi, D., Moriyama, M., Schrader, P., 1995. Cultural practices improve colour size of ‘Crimson Seedless’. California Agriculture. 49 (2):36-40.
14. Dokoozlian, N., Luvisi, D., Schrader, P., Moriyama, M., 1994. Influence of trunk girdle timing and ethephon on the quality of Crimson Seedless table grapes. International Symposium on Table Grapes Production, Anaheim (June 28-29), pp 237-240.
15. During, H., 1978. Studies on environmentally controlled stomatal transpiration in grapevines. II. Effects of girdling and temperatures. Vitis, 17:1-9.
16. Ezzahovani, A., Lasheen, A.M., Walali, L., 1985. Effects of gibberellic acid and girdling on ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Ruby Seedless’ table grapes in Morocco. Hort-science. 20 (3):393-394.
17. Gözcü, Ü., Dardeniz, A., 2022. Effects of Different Girdling Applications on Grape Yield and Quality in Yalova Cekirdeksizi Grape Varieties. ÇOMÜ J. Agric Fac. 3 (5):49-57.
18. Harrell, D.C., Williams, L.E., 1987. The Influence of Girdling and Gibberellic acid application at fruit set on ruby seedless and Thompson seedless grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 38(2):83-88.
19. İşci, B., Altındişli, A., 2014. Effect of Some Cultural Applications on Yield and Quality of Organic Table Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Alphonse Lavalleé and Trakya İlkeren, Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 31 (3), 91-100.
20. Jensan, F., Andris, H., Beede, R., 1981. A Comparison of normal girdles and knife line girdles on Thompson Seedless and Cardinal grapes. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 32 (3): 206-207.
21. Kök, D., Bal, E.2016. Seedless Berry Growth and Bioactive Compounds of cv. ‘Recel Uzümü’ (V. Vinifera L.) as Affected by Application Doses and Times of Pre-Harvest Thidiazuron, Erwerbs-Obstbau 58 (4), 253-258,
22. Lu, J., Lamikanra, O., Leong, S., 1995. Effects of Gibberellic acid on muscadine grape production. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 108:360-361.
23. Odabaş, F., Beyhan, N., Çelik, H., 2007. The effect of GA3 and CCC on ovule and seed development in Kabuğutufka (Vitis vinifera L.), International Journal of Agricultural Research. 2 (2):145:151.
24. Peppi, M.C., Fidelibus, M.W., 2008. Effects of forchlorfenuron and abscisic acid on the quality of Flame Seedless grapes. HortSci. 43, 173-176.
25. Rather, J. A., Wani, S. H., Haribhushan, A., Bhat, Z. A., 2011. Influence of girdling, thinning, and GA3 on fruit quality and shelf life of grape (Vitis vinifera) cv. Perlette. Elixir Agriculture. 41: 5731-5735.
26. Roper, T. R., Williams, L.E., 1989. Net CO2 assimilation and carbohydrate partitioning of grapevine leaves in response to trunk girdling and gibberellic acid application. Plant Physiology. 89 (4): 1136-1140.
27. Shulman, Y., Nır, G., Bazak, H. Lavee, S., 1986. Grapevine girdling by morphactin oil. Hort-science. 21 (4): 999-1000.
28. Soltekin, O., Teker, T.,Erdem, A., Kaçar, E., Altındişli, A., 2015. Response of Red Globe (Vitis vinifera L.) to cane girdling, 38th World Congress of Vine and Wine, (July 5–10), - Mainz, Germany 5, 01019 p
29. Strydom, J., 2013. Effect of CPPU(N-(2-Chloro-4-Pyridinyl)-N’-Phenylurea) and a Seaweed Extract on Flame Seedless, Redglobe and Crimson Seedless Grape Quality. S. Afr. J. Enol. Viticulture. 34(2):233-241.
30. Uzun, İ., Ceyhan, E., 1995. Studies on the Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Girdling Applications on Cluster and Berry Characteristics of Yuvarlak Çekirdeksiz Grape Cultivar. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture. 8 (1):52-64.
31. Weaver, R.J., Pool, R.M., 1972. Effect of time of thinning on berry size of girdled, Gibberellin treated Thompson Seedless Grape. Vitis. 12:97-99.
32. Weaver, R.J., Winkler, A.J., 1951. Increasing the size of Thompson seedless grapes by means of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, Berry thinning, and girdling. Plant Physiology. 27(3):626-630.
33. Williams, L.E., Ayars, J.E., 2005. Water use of Thompson seedless grapevines as affected by the application of Gibberellic acid (GA3) and trunk girdling. Practices to Increase Berry Size. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology. 129:85-94.
34. Yamane, T., Shibayama, K., 2006. Effects of trunk girdling and crop load levels on fruit quality and root elongation in ‘Aki Queen’ Grapevines, J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 75 (6):439–444.
35. Zabadal, T. J., 1992. Response to ‘Himrod’ grapevines to cane girdling. Hort-science. 27 (9):975-976. Zhenming, N., Xuefeng, X., Yi., Tianzhong, W.L., Jin, K., Zhenhai, H., 2008. Effects of leaf applied potassium, Gibberellin and Source-Sink Ratio on potassium absorption and distribution in grapefruits. Scientia Horticulture. 115:164-167.
36. Zoffoli, J. P., Latorre, B. A., Naranjo, P., 2009. Preharvest applications of growth regulators and their effect on postharvest quality of Table Grapes during cold storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 51(2):183-192.