Çok Yıllık Buğday Genotiplerinin ve F1 Hibritlerinin Ön Verim Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

İklim değişikliği nedeniyle sürdürülebilir gıda üretimine olan talebin artması, çok yıllık bitkilere olan ilgiyi arattırmaktadır. Geleneksel ekmeklik buğday (Triticum spp.) ve çok yıllık Thinopyrum türleri arasında yapılan melezlemeden elde edilen çok yıllık buğday, toprak sağlığının iyileştirilmesi, erozyonun azaltılması ve karbon tutulması gibi umut verici ekolojik faydalar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 20 farklı çok yıllık buğday genotipinin ve bu genotipler arasında yapılan tür içi melezlemelerden elde edilen 23 F1 melezinin, iki ticari ekmeklik buğday çeşidi ile birlikte, verim performansları değerlendirilmiştir. Arazi denemeleri, Ege Üniversitesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme alanlarında, 2021-2022 ve 2022-2023 buğday yetiştirme sezonlarında yürütülmüş ve çok yıllık hatlar için tesadüf blokları deneme deseni, F1 melezleri için ise eksik bloklar deneme deseni kullanılarak ekimler yapılmıştır. Araştırmada bitki boyu (PH), başakta tane sayısı (GNS), bin tane ağırlığı (TKW) ve parsel verimi (PY) özellikleri incelenmiştir. Varyan analiz sonujçları, tüm özellikler için genotipik etkilierin önemli olduğunu (p<0.01) göstermiş ve yıl etkilerinin PH (p<0.05) ve TKW (p<0.01) için anlamlı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Tüm dört özellik için yüksek geniş anlamda kalıtım dereceleri gözlenmiştir. Özellikle PH (H2=0.93), TKW (H2=0.82) ve GNS (H2=0.77) karakterleri için genetik etkinin önemli olduğu yüksek kalıtım derecelerinden anlaşılmaktadır. Bitki boyu Thinopyrum ponticum kaynaklı genotiplerde yüksek olarak bulunmuş, ticari kontroller ise nispeten daha kısa boya sahip . Ticari çeşitler, verimle ilgili özelliklerde üstünlük göstermiş ve TKW, GNS ve PY için en yüksek istatistiksel gruplarda yer almışlardır. G18 (Th. Intermedium kaynaklı) ve G19 (Th. Ponticum kaynaklı) her iki yılda da ticari çeşitlere yakın verim performasları ile umut verici genotipler arasında yer almışlardır. Bu sonuçlar, belirli çok yıllık buğday genotiplerinin yüksek verim için ıslah programlarında kullanılabileceğini vurgularken, hatların verim performanslarının genetik kaynaklarından etkilendiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• çok yıllık buğday
• verim
• bitki boyu
• kalıtım derecesi
• heterosis

Evaluation of Initial Yield Perfomances of Perennial Wheat Genotypes and Their F1 Hybrids

Öz

The rising demand for sustainable food production due to climate challenges has increased tthe interest in perennial crops as potential solutions. Perennial wheat, a hybrid derived from crossbreeding traditional wheat (Triticum spp.) and perennial species generally Thinopyrum spp., offers promising ecological benefits, including enhanced soil health, reduced erosion, and carbon sequestration. This study evaluates the first-year yield performances of 20 perennial wheat genotypes and 23 F1 hybrids obtained from intraspecific crosses among these lines, compared to two commercial bread wheat cultivars. The field experiments were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2021-2022 and 2022-2023) at experimental fields of Ege University Field Crops Department, the seeds were sown in a randomized complete block design for the perennial lines and a randomized incomplete block design for F1 hybrids. Key agronomic traits measured were plant height (PH), grain number per spike (GNS), thousand kernel weight (TKW), and plot yield (PY). The ANOVA indicated significant genotypic effects on all traits (p<0.01), and year effects were significant for PH (p<0.05) and TKW (p<0.01). Heritability estimates were high for all four triats, particularly for PH (H2=0.93), TKW (H2=0.82), and GNS (H2=0.77), demonstrating substantial genetic influence on these traits. PH showed considerable variation, with genotypes derived from Thinopyrum ponticum exhibiting the tallest growth, while commercial checks displayed relatively shorter stature. The commercial cultivars excelled in yield-related traits, consistently ranking in the highest statistical groups for TKW, GNS, and PY. Promising genotypes included G18 ( sourced from Th. intermedium) and G19 (sourced from Th. ponticum), which close to commercial standards in TKW and PY across both years showed that these lines are promising for future breeding studies aiming to improve the yield. These results highlight that certain perennial wheat genotypes can be used in breeding programs for high yield, while indicating that the yield performance of the lines is affected by their genetic sources.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• perennial wheat
• yield
• plant height
• heritability

Kaynakça

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