Karides Kabuklarının Doğal Bir Toprak Düzenleyici Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Karides kabuğu atıkları deniz ürünleri endüstrisinin yan ürünü olarak çevresel sorunlara yol açmakla birlikte yeni tarımsal uygulamalar ve çalışmalar için fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Karides tüketiminden ortaya çıkan bu atıklar geleneksel atık yöntemleriyle yakılarak veya gömülerek bertaraf edilmektdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı karides kabuklarının bazı toprak fiziksel özelliklerine olan etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Karides kabukları kurutulup, öğütücü ile öğütüldükten sonra 4 mm elekten elenerek kaba kısımları ayıklanmıştır. Elenmiş topraklarla karides kabukları ağırlıkça %0, %2, %4 ve %6 oranında karıştırılmıştır. İnkübasyon periyodu sonrasında örneklerin su tutma kapasitesi, porozite, kuru hacim ağırlığı, nem, tarla kapasitesi, organik madde, pH ve elektriksel iletkenlik (EC) değerleri belirlenmiştir. Karides kabuğunu farklı dozlarda eklediğimiz topraklarda, doz artışı ile beraber toprağın pH, EC, agregat stabilitesi, organik karbon, organik madde, kalsiyum karbonat (CaCO₃,) su tutma kapasitesi, porozite, tarla kapasitesi değerlerinin istatistiki olarak önemli oranda arttığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak karides kabukları öğütüldükten sonra %4 ve %6 dozlarıyla, uygulamanın yapılacağı toprağın pH ve EC değerleri gözetilerek, toprak organik düzenleyicisi ve organik madde kaynağı olarak kullanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karides kabuğu
• toprak
• toprak ıslahı
• toprak organik maddesi
• agregat

Evaluating Shrimp Shells as a Natural Soil Conditioner

Öz

Shrimp shell waste, a byproduct of the rapidly growing seafood industry, poses environmental challenges but also presents opportunities for innovative agricultural applications and research. This waste, generated from shrimp consumption, is typically disposed of through methods such as burning and burial. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of shrimp shells in agriculture and to assess the impact of powdered shrimp shells as a cost-effective alternative to the expensive material chitosan on specific soil physical properties. Shrimp shells were obtained from Kocaman Fishery in Bandırma. The shells were cleaned, dried, ground, and sieved through a 4 mm mesh to remove unground parts. The sieved soil was then mixed with the shrimp shells at weight ratios of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. Following the incubation period, the water-holding capacity, porosity, bulk density, moisture content, field capacity, organic carbon, organic matter, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) values of the samples were measured. In soils where shrimp shell powder was applied at varying rates, it was observed that the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), aggregate stability, organic carbon, organic matter, CaCO₃, water holding capacity, porosity, and field capacity values significantly increased with higher application doses. Consequently, shrimp shells can be ground into a powder and utilized as a soil organic conditioner at rates of 4% and 6%, while considering the pH and EC values of the soil.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Shrimp shell
• soil
• soil reclamation
• soil organic matter
• aggregate.

Kaynakça

1. Adamczuk, A., Jozefaciuk, G., 2022. Impact of chitosan on the mechanical stability of soils. Molecules. 27(7): 2273.
2. Adamczuk, A., Kercheva, M., Hristova, M., Jozefaciuk, G., 2021. Impact of chitosan on water stability and wettability of soils. Materials. 14 (24): 7724.
3. Anonymous, 2021. Mosaic Agri Sight. 2021. Five benefits of soil organic matter. Available at: https://www.cropnutrition.com/resource-library/fivebenefits-of-soil-organic-matter , (22.07.2024).
4. Balachandar, R., Baskaran, L., Yuvaraj, A., Thangaraj, R., Subbaiya, R., Ravindran, B., Karmegam, N., 2020. Enriched pressmud vermicompost production with green manure plants using Eudrilus eugeniae. Bioresource Technology. 299: 122578.
5. Blake, G. R., Hartge K. H., 1986. Bulk density, Methods of soil analysis: Part 1 Physical and mineralogical methods. 5:363–375.
6. Das, B., Chakraborty, D., Singh, V., Aggarwal, P., Singh, R., Dwivedi, B.S., 2014. Effect of Organic Inputs on Strength and Stability of Soil Aggregates Under Rice-Wheat Rotation. International Agrophysics. 28: 163-168.
7. Du, Y.F., Lv, L.F., He, Z.Q., Gai, G.S., Yang, Y.F., Liu, C.S., 2016. The effect of mineral soil amendments on the improvement of acid red soil. J Soil Water Conserv. 30 (3): 351-354.
8. Dufault, R. J., Korkmaz, A., Ward, B., 2001. Potential of biosolids from shrimp aquaculture as a fertilizer for broccoli production. Compost Science & Utilization. 9 (2): 107-114.

9. Fei, C., Xiaodong, D., Shirong, Z., Junliang, L., Liang, B., 2020. Soil aggregate stability and carbon fractions in soils containing organic matter additions in intensive greenhouse vegetable fields.
10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. World Food and Agriculture—Statistical Yearbook 2021; Food & Agriculture Organization: Rome, Italy, 2021; ISBN 978-92-5-134332-6.
11. Gelybo, G., Toth, E., Farkas, C., Horel, A., Kasa, I., Bakacsı, Z., 2018. Potential impacts of climate change on soil properties. Agrochemistry and Soil Science. 67 (1): 121-141.
12. Ibrahim, H. M., Salama, M. F., El-Banna, H. A., 1999. Shrimp’s waste: Chemical composition, nutritional value and utilization. Nahrung. 43 (6): 418– 423.
13. Işler, N., İlay, R., Kavdir, Y., 2022. Temporal variations in soil aggregation following olive pomace and vineyard pruning waste compost applications on clay, loam, and sandy loam soils. Environ Monit Assess. 194: 418.
14. Jain, M.S., Kalamdhad, A.S., 2020. Soil revitalization via waste utilization: Compost effects on soil organic properties, nutritional, sorption and physical properties. Environmental Technology and Innovation. 18: 100668.
15. Jayanudin, Lestari, R.S., Barleany, D.R., Pitaloka, A.B., Yulvianti, M., Prasetyo, D.P., Anggoro, D.V., Ruhiatna, A., 2022. Chitosan-Graft-Poly(acrylic acid) Superabsorbent’s Water Holding in Sandy Soils and Its Application in Agriculture. Polymers. 14 (23): 5175.
16. Kavdır, Y., İlay, R., Güven, O.B., Sungur, A., 2024. Characterization of olive pomace biochar produced at different temperatures and their temporal effects on soil aggregation and carbon content. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 14: 19305–19314.
17. Kranz, C.N., McLaughlin, R.A., Johnson, A.M., Miller, G.L., Heitman, J.L., 2020. The effects of compost incorporation on soil physical properties in urban soils - A concise review. Journal of environmental management. 261: 110209.
18. Lee, C. H., Lee, D. K., Ali, M. A., Kim, P. J., 2008. Effects of oyster shell on soil chemical and biological properties and cabbage productivity as a liming materials. Waste Management. 28 (12): 2702-2708.
19. Mujdeci, M., Demircioğlu, A.C., Alaboz, P., 2020. The Effects of Farmyard Manure and Green Manure Applications on Some Soil Physical Properties. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 9: 17.
20. Nkoh, J.N., Guan, P., Shi, R., Wang, R., Li, J., Xu, R., 2023. Role of carbon and nitrogen mineralisation of chitosan and crop straws in ameliorating acidity of acidic Ultisols. Crop and Pasture Science. 74: 1318 - 1333.
21. Paz-Ferreiro, J., Baez-Bernal, D., Castro Insúa, J., García Pomar, M.I., 2011. Effects of mussel shell addition on the chemical and biological properties of a Cambisol. Chemosphere. 86: 1117–1121.
22. Pichyangkura, R., S. Chadchawan., 2015. Biostimulant activity of chitosan in horticulture. Scientia Hort. 196 :49–65.
23. Rassaei, F., 2023. Chitosan as an organic amendment to improve soil properties and plant growth in the presence of polystyrene microplastics. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. 43 (2) :14301.
24. Rassaei, F., Mahdavi, E., Abtahi, S., 2023. Enhancing soil resilience in Iranian Haploxeralfs: A study on the impact of two organic matters on aggregate stability and mechanical resistance. Probe - Soil Science. 5: 1.
25. Senphan, T., Benjakul, S., 2012. Compositions and yield of lipids extracted from hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) as affected by prior autolysis. Food Chemistry. 134 (2): 829-835.
26. Smith, H.W. and Weldon, M.D., 1941. A comparison of some methods for the determination of soil organic matter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 5: 177-182.
27. TAGEM, 2018. Türkiye Topraklarının Bazı Verimlilik ve Organik Karbon İçeriğinin Coğrafi Veri Tabanının Oluşturulması, Ankara.
28. Xu, C., Mou, B., 2018. Chitosan as Soil Amendment Affects Lettuce Growth, Photochemical Efficiency and Gas Exchange. HortTechnology. 28 (4): 476
29. Yan, N., Chen, X., 2015. Sustainability: Don’t Waste Seafood Waste. Nature. 524: 155–157.
30. Zhang, Z., Wang, N., Xu, J., Shi, J. 2025. Co-application of soil conditioners effect on soil DOM and its microbial community in new cultivating farmland. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 1-22.