Evaluation of the Biocontrol Potential of Morina persica L. Extract against Ditylenchus dipsaci and Some Plant Pathogens

Öz

In this study antifungal and nematicidal effect of methanol extracts of Morina persica L. was examined. In antifungal activities, plant extract was evaluated against Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and Verticillium dahliae. The experiment was carried out by the agar plate methods at a concentration of 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg mL. All concentration of M.persica plant extracts was showed a different level of antifungal activities against test fungi depend on concentrations. Nematicidal activity was evaluated against stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) under in vitro condition. Five concentrations (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 ppm) of M. persica plant extracts were tested. The nematodes exposed 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours in plant extracts and kept at 25 °C. M. persica plant extracts were found highly effective on D. dipsaci. The plant extracts of Morina persica was first time determined the antifungal and nematicidal activities in this study, and has potential effect as a bio pesticide against plant pathogens and plant parasitic nematodes

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Morina persica,Alternaria solani,Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici,Verticillium dahliae,Ditylenchus dipsaci

Morina persica L. Ekstraktının Ditylenchus dipsaci ve Bazı Bitki Patojenlerine Karşı Biyolojik Mücadelede Kullanım Potensiyelinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Morina persica L. metanol ekstraktının antifungal ve nematisidal etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Antifungal etkinliğini belirlemede bitki ekstraktı Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) ve  Verticillium dahliae patojenlerine karşı denenmiştir. Deneme, M. persica ekstraktının  0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 ve 20 mg mL’lik konsantrasyonlarında agar petri yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. M. persica ekstraktının tüm konsantrasyonları doza bağlı olarak farklı seviyerlerde antifungal etkinlik göstermiştir.Nematisidal aktivitesi Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857)’ye karşı in vitro koşullarda gerçekleştirilmiştir.  M. persica ekstraktının 5 farklı konsantrasyonu (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 ve 500 ppm) D.dipsaci ‘ye karşı denenmiştir. Nematodlar,  25 °C’de 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat bitki ekstraktına maruz bırakılmıştır.  M. persica ekstraktının D.dipsaci’ye karşı oldukça etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.  Morina persica L. ekstraktı’nın antifungal ve nematisidal etkinliği ilk kez bu çalışma ile belirlenmiş ve ele alınan nematod ve patojenlere karşı biyopestisit olarak potansiyel bir etkiye sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.   

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Morina persica,Alternaria solani,Verticillium dahliae,Ditylenchus dipsaci,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici

Kaynakça

1. Anonymous, 2016. Turkish Plants Data Service (TUBİVES). Available online: http://www.tubives.com/index.php?sayfa=1&tax_id=4571.
2. Anonymous, 2017. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, Ditylenchus dipsaci Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003.
3. Barraclough, R., Blackith, R. E.,1962. Morphometric relationships in the genus Ditylenchus. Nematologica, 8(1), 51-58.
4. Can, C., Yücel, S., Korolev, N., Katan, T., 2004. First report of fusarium crown and root rot of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici in Turkey. Plant Pathol. 53:814.
5. Cayrol, J. C., Djian C., Pijarowski. I., 1989. Studies on the nematocidal properties of the culture filtrate of the nematophagous fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus. Rev. Nematol., 12: 331-336.
6. Chitwood, D.J., 2002. Phytochemical based strategies for nematode control. Annual review of phytopathology, 40(1), 221-249. ISO 690
7. Dervis, S., Mercado-Blanco, J., Erten, L., Valverde-Corredor, A., Pérez-Artés, E., 2010. Verticillium wilt of olive in Turkey: a survey on disease importance, pathogen diversity, and susceptibility of relevant olive cultivars. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 127, 287–301.
8. Emniyet, A.A., Avci, E., Ozcelik, B., Avci, G.A., Kose, D.A., 2014. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities with GC/MS analysis of the Morus alba L. leaves. Hittite Journal of Science & Engineering, 1(1).37-41.

9. Erdoğan, P., 2015. Capsicum annuum L.(Solanaceae) ve Allium sativum L.(Amaryllidaceae) ekstraktlarının Myzus persicae (Sulzer)(Hemiptera: Aphididae) üzerine insektisit etkisi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 55(4).305-315.
10. FAO, 2017. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home
11. Gupta, A., Sharma, S.,Naik, S.N., 2011. Biopesticidal value of selected essential oils against pathogenic fungus, termites, and nematodes. International biodeterioration & biodegradation, 65(5), 703-707.
12. Hassan, A., Al-naser, Z.A., Al–asaas K., 2015. Effect of some plant extracts on larval mortality against the stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) and compared with synthetic pesticides. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 7(4), 1943-1950.
13. Kepenekci, I., Toktay, H., Saglam, H. D., Erdogus, D., Imren, M., 2016. Effects of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts on Mortality of the Root Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26(1), 119.
14. Mennan, S., 2005. Influence of planting date and initial population density on damage to onion (Allium cepa L.) caused by stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci)(Kuhn, 1857)(Tylenchida: Anguinidae). Turkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 29, 215-224.
15. Mocan, A., Zengin, G., Uysal, A., Gunes, E., Mollica, A., Degirmenci, N. S., ... Aktumsek, A., 2016. Biological and chemical insights of Morina persica L.: A source of bioactive compounds with multifunctional properties. Journal of Functional Foods, 25, 94-109.
16. Nwosu, M.O., Okafor, J.l., 1995. Preliminary studies of the antifungal activites of some medicinal plants against Basidiobolus and some other pathogenic fungi. Mycoses 38, 191-195.
17. Onaran, A. Yılar, M., 2012. Antifungal activity of Trachystemon orientalis L. aqueous extracts against plant pathogens. J. Food Agrıc. Environ., Vol. 10, pp. 287-291.
18. Pandey, D.K., Tripathi, N.N., Tripathi, R.D., Dixit, S.N. 1982. Fungitoxic and phytotoxic properties of essential oil of Hyptis suaveolens. Z. Pflanzenkrankheiten Pflanzenschutz 89:344–349.
19. Sturhan, D., Brzeski, M.W. 1991. Stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus spp. Manual of agricultural nematology, 423-464.
20. Tasdemir, D., Dönmez, A., Çalıs, I., Rüedi, P., 2004. Evaluation of biological activity of Turkish plants. Rapid screening for the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential by TLC bioautographic methods. Pharmaceutical biology, 42(4-5), 374-383.
21. Tosun, F., Akyüz Kızılay, Ç., Sener, B.,Vural, M.,2005. The evaluation of plants from Turkey for in vitro antimycobacterial activity. Pharmaceutical Biology, 43(1), 58–63.
22. Tunaz, H., 2017. Bitkisel kökenli bazı yağların ve bileşenlerin patates böceği. Leptinotarsa decemlineata L.,(Col.: Chrysomelidae)’nın larvalarına karşı toksik etkisi Toxic effects of some plant derived oils and components against larvae of Colorado potato betle Leptin. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 7(1), 325-332.
23. Valenzuela, A., 1995. Control of Ditylenchus dipsaci on garlic (Allium sativum) with extracts of medicinal plants from Chile. Nematropica Vol. 25, No. 1,1995. 35-41.
24. Yazici, S., Yanar,Y., Karaman, I., 2011. Evaluation of bacteria for biological control of early blight disease of tomato. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10:1573–1577.
25. Zouhar, M., Douda, O., Lhotský, D., Pavela, R., 2009. Effect of plant essential oils on mortality of the stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci). Plant Protection Science, 45(2), 66-73.