The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicological potential of the methanol extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. plant against the Meloidogyne incognita in vitro and under controlled condition on tomato. The study were conducted by applying four concentrations (0 (undiluted), 25%, 50% and 100% diluted). In vitro, 1 ml of suspension containing 20 J2 ml-1 was added to petri dishes containing nine ml of extract, and the mortality rate was recorded after 48 hours by counting the dead individuals.Under controlled conditions, randomized plots of Özkan F1 tomato cultivar were established in a trial design with 5 replications for each application. Immediately after the tomato seedlings were transplanted into the pots, the oleaster leaf extracts of 1000 ppm/pot were applied to the soil according to the concentrations and mixed thoroughly. After five days, nematode inoculation was carried out with 500 J2 in each pot. The number of galls and egg masses were counted on roots after 50 days. In vitro L2 mortality was decreased as the concentration of the oleaster methanole leaf extract was diluted, while there was an increase in the number of galls and egg masses on tomato roots under controlled conditions. The suppressive effect of undiluted oleaster leaf methanol extract on M. incognita was higher than other concentration. It is concluded that extract of E. angustifolia has toxic potential and can be effectively used for the control of root knot nematode. The nematicidal effect of the leaf extract of the Elaeagnacea family was demonstrated for the first time in this study.
Anjum, S. I., Husain, S., Khan, H. U., Attaullah, M., Rajput, S., Shah, A. H., Shah, A. H., 2017. Toxicity assessment of the methanol extract from Elaeagnus angustifolia against larvae of Drosophila melanogaster meign (Diptera/Drosophilidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 5(1): 217-220.
Aydınlı, G., Mennan, S., 2014. Effect of some plant extracts on Meloidogyne arenaria Neal, 1889 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) and tomato. Turkish Journal of Entomology. 38(3): 323-332.
Bahraminejad, S., Amiri, R., Abbasi, S., 2015. Anti-fungal properties of 43 plant species against Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 48(4): 336-344.
Berktaş, S., Çam, M. 2020. İğde (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) meyve ve yapraklarının antioksidan ve antidiyabetik özellikleri. Akademik Gıda. 18(3): 270-278.
Caboni, P., Saba, M., Oplos, C., Aissani, N., Maxia, A., Menkissoglu‐Spiroudi, U., Ntalli, N., 2015. Nematicidal activity of furanocoumarins from parsley against Meloidogyne spp. Pest Management Science. 71(8): 1099-1105.
Caliskan, E., Elmastas, M., Gokce, I., 2010. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of Elaeagnus angustifolia flowers. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 22(4): 2840-2848.
Cansev, A., Sahan, Y., Celik, G., Taskesen, S., Ozbey, H., 2011. Chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. fruits. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 23(6): 2661-2665.
Chitwood, D.J., 2002. Phytochemical based strategies for nematode control. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 40: 221-249.
Deepika, L., Kumar, A., 2023. Assessment of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Extracts on Meloidogyne incognita. Indian Journal of Ecology. 50(1): 167-170
Devran, Z., Mıstanoğlu, İ., Özalp, T., 2016. Response of tomato seedlings with different number of true leaves to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949. Turkish Journal of Entomology. 40(4): 377-383.
Douda, O., Zouhar, M., Mazáková, J., Nováková, E., Pavela, R., 2010. Using plant essences as alternative mean for northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) management. Journal of Pest Science. 83: 217-221.
Farzaei, M. H., Bahramsoltani, R., Abbasabadi, Z., Rahimi, R., 2015. A comprehensive review on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 67(11): 1467-1480.
Finney, D. J., 1978. Statistical method in biological assay (No. Ed. 3). Charles Griffin & Company.
Göze Özdemir, F. G., Tosun, B., Şanlı, A., Karadoğan, T., 2022. Bazı Apiaceae uçucu yağlarının Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae)'ya karşı nematoksik etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 59(3): 529-539.
Grayer, R. J., Harborne, J. B., 1994. A survey of antifungal compounds from higher plants, 1982–1993. Phytochemistry. 37(1): 19-42.
Gupta, D., 2013. Comparative analysis of spices for their phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. American International Journal of Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences. 4(1): 38-42.
Harborne, J. B., Williams, C. A., 2000. Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry. 55(6): 481-504.
Hajihassani, A., Marquez, J., Woldemeskel, M., Hamidi, N., 2022. Identification of four populations of Meloidogyne incognita in Georgia, United States, capable of parasitizing Tomato-Bearing Mi-1.2 gene. Plant Disease. 106(1): 137-143.
Hamidpour, R., Hamidpour, S., Hamidpour, M., Shahlari, M., Sohraby, M., Shahlari, N., Hamidpour, R., 2017. Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.): From a variety of traditional medicinal applications to its novel roles as active antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and analgesic agent. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 7(1): 24-29.
Harborne, J. B., 1999. Classes and functions of secondary products from plants. In Chemicals from plants: perspectives on plant secondary products (pp. 1-25).
Hassanzadeh, Z., Hassanpour, H., 2018. Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant properties of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Scientia Horticulturae. 238: 83-90.
Kepenekçi, İ., Katı Çekengil, T., Erdoğuş, F. D., Erdoğan, P., Sağlam, H. D., 2017. Beş Farklı Bitki Ekstraktının Domateste Zararlı Kök-Ur Nematod (Meloidogyne incognita Irk 2 ve M. arenaria Irk 2) (Tylenchida: Meloidoginidae)'larına Karşı Sera Koşullarındaki Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Weed Science. 20(1): 36-47.
Khan, S. U., Khan, A. U., Shah, A. U. H. A., Shah, S. M., Hussain, S., Ayaz, M., Ayaz, S., 2016. Heavy metals content, phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and insecticidal evaluation of Elaeagnus angustifolia. Toxicology and Industrial Health. 32(1): 154-161.
Moltmann, E., 1988. Kairomone im Wurzelexsudat Von Getreide: Ihre Bedeutung für die Wirtsfindung der Infektionslarven des 34 Getreidezystenaelchens Heterodera avenae (Wollenw.) und Ihre Charakterisierung. Hohenheim University 148 s.
Nile, A.S., Nile, S.H., Keum, Y.S., Kim, D.H., Venkidasamy, B., Ramalingam, S., 2018. Nematicidal potential and specific enzyme activity enhancement potential of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) aerial parts. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25(5): 4204-4213.
Okmen, G., Turkcan, O., 2013. The antibacterial activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. against mastitis pathogens and antioxidant capacity of the leaf methanolic extracts. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 12(4): 491-496.
Pang, Z., Chen, J., Wang, T., Gao, C., Li, Z., Guo, L., Cheng, Y., 2021. Linking plant secondary metabolites and plant microbiomes: a review. Frontiers in Plant Science. 12: 621276.
Pardavella, I., Daferera, D., Tselios, T., Skiada, P., Giannakou, I., 2021. The use of essential oil and hydrosol extracted from Cuminum cyminum seeds for the control of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica. Plants. 10 (1): 46-60.
Pavaraj, M., Bakavathiappan, G., Baskaran, S., 2012. Evaluation of some plant extracts for their nematicidal properties against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Biopesticides. 5: 106.
Saboonchian, F., Jamei, R., Sarghein, S. H., 2014. Phenolic and flavonoid content of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (leaf and flower). Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 4(4): 231.
Torbati, M., Asnaashari, S., Afshar, F. H., 2016. Essential oil from flowers and leaves of Elaeagnus angustifolia (Elaeagnaceae): Composition, radical scavenging and general toxicity activities. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 6(2): 163.
Vinodhini, S. M., Monisha, T., Arunachalam, P. P., Rajshree, S., Vignesh, P., Ebenezar, E. G., Seenivasan, N., 2019. Effect of plant extracts on root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 8(6): 373-378.
Wang, B., Qu, H., Ma, J., Sun, X., Wang, D., Zheng, Q., 2014. Protective effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia leaf extract against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart. Journal of Chemistry, Special issue. 1-6.
Wang, K.H., McSorley, R., Kokalis-Burelle, N., 2006. Effects of cover cropping, solarization, and soil fumigation on nematode communities. Plant and Soil. 286 (1): 229-243.
Yın, Y. H., Guo, Q. M., Yun, H. A. N., Wang, L. J., Wan, S. Q., 2012. Preparation, characterization and nematicidal activity of lansiumamide B nano-capsules. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 11(7): 1151-1158.
Youssef, M., Abd Abd-El-Khair, H., El-Nagdi W.M., 2017. Management of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting sugar beet as affected by certain bacterial and fungal suspensions. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, Special issu. 293-301.
İğde (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) Yaprak Ekstraktı’nın Kök ur nematodu’na Karşı Kullanımı
Year 2023,
Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 300 - 305, 28.12.2023
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Elaeagnus angustifolia L. bitkisinin metanol ekstraktının Meloidogyne incognita'ya karşı toksikolojik potansiyelini in vitro ve kontrollü koşullar altında domates üzerinde değerlendirmektir. Çalışma dört konsantrasyon (0 (seyreltilmemiş), %25, %50 ve %100 seyreltilmiş) uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. İn vitroda dokuz ml ekstrakt içeren petrilere 20 L2 ml-1 içeren 1 ml süspansiyon eklenmiştir ve 48 saat sonra ölü bireyler sayılarak ölüm oranı kaydedilmiştir. Kontrollü koşullar altında, Özkan F1 domates çeşidinde her uygulama için tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde 5 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Domates fideleri saksılara şaşırtıldıktan hemen sonra 1000 ppm/saksı iğde yaprağı ekstraktı konsantrasyonlarına göre toprağa uygulanmış ve iyice karıştırılmıştır. Beş gün sonra, her saksıya 500 L2 ile nematod inokulasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elli gün sonra köklerdeki gal sayısı ve yumurta paketleri sayılmıştır. İn vitro L2 mortalitesi, iğde metanol yaprak ekstraktının konsantrasyonu seyreltildiğinde azalırken, kontrollü koşullar altında domates köklerinde ur ve yumurta paketi sayısında artış olmuştur. Seyreltilmemiş iğde yaprağı metanol ekstraktının M. incognita üzerindeki baskılayıcı etkisi diğer konsantrasyona göre daha yüksek olmuştur. Elaeagnus angustifolia ekstraktının toksik potansiyele sahip olduğu ve kök ur nematodunun kontrolünde etkili bir şekilde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Elaeagnacea familyasının yaprak ekstraktının nematisit etkisi ilk kez bu çalışmada gösterilmiştir.
Anjum, S. I., Husain, S., Khan, H. U., Attaullah, M., Rajput, S., Shah, A. H., Shah, A. H., 2017. Toxicity assessment of the methanol extract from Elaeagnus angustifolia against larvae of Drosophila melanogaster meign (Diptera/Drosophilidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 5(1): 217-220.
Aydınlı, G., Mennan, S., 2014. Effect of some plant extracts on Meloidogyne arenaria Neal, 1889 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) and tomato. Turkish Journal of Entomology. 38(3): 323-332.
Bahraminejad, S., Amiri, R., Abbasi, S., 2015. Anti-fungal properties of 43 plant species against Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 48(4): 336-344.
Berktaş, S., Çam, M. 2020. İğde (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) meyve ve yapraklarının antioksidan ve antidiyabetik özellikleri. Akademik Gıda. 18(3): 270-278.
Caboni, P., Saba, M., Oplos, C., Aissani, N., Maxia, A., Menkissoglu‐Spiroudi, U., Ntalli, N., 2015. Nematicidal activity of furanocoumarins from parsley against Meloidogyne spp. Pest Management Science. 71(8): 1099-1105.
Caliskan, E., Elmastas, M., Gokce, I., 2010. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of Elaeagnus angustifolia flowers. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 22(4): 2840-2848.
Cansev, A., Sahan, Y., Celik, G., Taskesen, S., Ozbey, H., 2011. Chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. fruits. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 23(6): 2661-2665.
Chitwood, D.J., 2002. Phytochemical based strategies for nematode control. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 40: 221-249.
Deepika, L., Kumar, A., 2023. Assessment of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Extracts on Meloidogyne incognita. Indian Journal of Ecology. 50(1): 167-170
Devran, Z., Mıstanoğlu, İ., Özalp, T., 2016. Response of tomato seedlings with different number of true leaves to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949. Turkish Journal of Entomology. 40(4): 377-383.
Douda, O., Zouhar, M., Mazáková, J., Nováková, E., Pavela, R., 2010. Using plant essences as alternative mean for northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) management. Journal of Pest Science. 83: 217-221.
Farzaei, M. H., Bahramsoltani, R., Abbasabadi, Z., Rahimi, R., 2015. A comprehensive review on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 67(11): 1467-1480.
Finney, D. J., 1978. Statistical method in biological assay (No. Ed. 3). Charles Griffin & Company.
Göze Özdemir, F. G., Tosun, B., Şanlı, A., Karadoğan, T., 2022. Bazı Apiaceae uçucu yağlarının Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae)'ya karşı nematoksik etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 59(3): 529-539.
Grayer, R. J., Harborne, J. B., 1994. A survey of antifungal compounds from higher plants, 1982–1993. Phytochemistry. 37(1): 19-42.
Gupta, D., 2013. Comparative analysis of spices for their phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. American International Journal of Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences. 4(1): 38-42.
Harborne, J. B., Williams, C. A., 2000. Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry. 55(6): 481-504.
Hajihassani, A., Marquez, J., Woldemeskel, M., Hamidi, N., 2022. Identification of four populations of Meloidogyne incognita in Georgia, United States, capable of parasitizing Tomato-Bearing Mi-1.2 gene. Plant Disease. 106(1): 137-143.
Hamidpour, R., Hamidpour, S., Hamidpour, M., Shahlari, M., Sohraby, M., Shahlari, N., Hamidpour, R., 2017. Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.): From a variety of traditional medicinal applications to its novel roles as active antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and analgesic agent. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 7(1): 24-29.
Harborne, J. B., 1999. Classes and functions of secondary products from plants. In Chemicals from plants: perspectives on plant secondary products (pp. 1-25).
Hassanzadeh, Z., Hassanpour, H., 2018. Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant properties of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Scientia Horticulturae. 238: 83-90.
Kepenekçi, İ., Katı Çekengil, T., Erdoğuş, F. D., Erdoğan, P., Sağlam, H. D., 2017. Beş Farklı Bitki Ekstraktının Domateste Zararlı Kök-Ur Nematod (Meloidogyne incognita Irk 2 ve M. arenaria Irk 2) (Tylenchida: Meloidoginidae)'larına Karşı Sera Koşullarındaki Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Weed Science. 20(1): 36-47.
Khan, S. U., Khan, A. U., Shah, A. U. H. A., Shah, S. M., Hussain, S., Ayaz, M., Ayaz, S., 2016. Heavy metals content, phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and insecticidal evaluation of Elaeagnus angustifolia. Toxicology and Industrial Health. 32(1): 154-161.
Moltmann, E., 1988. Kairomone im Wurzelexsudat Von Getreide: Ihre Bedeutung für die Wirtsfindung der Infektionslarven des 34 Getreidezystenaelchens Heterodera avenae (Wollenw.) und Ihre Charakterisierung. Hohenheim University 148 s.
Nile, A.S., Nile, S.H., Keum, Y.S., Kim, D.H., Venkidasamy, B., Ramalingam, S., 2018. Nematicidal potential and specific enzyme activity enhancement potential of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) aerial parts. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25(5): 4204-4213.
Okmen, G., Turkcan, O., 2013. The antibacterial activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. against mastitis pathogens and antioxidant capacity of the leaf methanolic extracts. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 12(4): 491-496.
Pang, Z., Chen, J., Wang, T., Gao, C., Li, Z., Guo, L., Cheng, Y., 2021. Linking plant secondary metabolites and plant microbiomes: a review. Frontiers in Plant Science. 12: 621276.
Pardavella, I., Daferera, D., Tselios, T., Skiada, P., Giannakou, I., 2021. The use of essential oil and hydrosol extracted from Cuminum cyminum seeds for the control of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica. Plants. 10 (1): 46-60.
Pavaraj, M., Bakavathiappan, G., Baskaran, S., 2012. Evaluation of some plant extracts for their nematicidal properties against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Biopesticides. 5: 106.
Saboonchian, F., Jamei, R., Sarghein, S. H., 2014. Phenolic and flavonoid content of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (leaf and flower). Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 4(4): 231.
Torbati, M., Asnaashari, S., Afshar, F. H., 2016. Essential oil from flowers and leaves of Elaeagnus angustifolia (Elaeagnaceae): Composition, radical scavenging and general toxicity activities. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 6(2): 163.
Vinodhini, S. M., Monisha, T., Arunachalam, P. P., Rajshree, S., Vignesh, P., Ebenezar, E. G., Seenivasan, N., 2019. Effect of plant extracts on root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 8(6): 373-378.
Wang, B., Qu, H., Ma, J., Sun, X., Wang, D., Zheng, Q., 2014. Protective effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia leaf extract against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart. Journal of Chemistry, Special issue. 1-6.
Wang, K.H., McSorley, R., Kokalis-Burelle, N., 2006. Effects of cover cropping, solarization, and soil fumigation on nematode communities. Plant and Soil. 286 (1): 229-243.
Yın, Y. H., Guo, Q. M., Yun, H. A. N., Wang, L. J., Wan, S. Q., 2012. Preparation, characterization and nematicidal activity of lansiumamide B nano-capsules. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 11(7): 1151-1158.
Youssef, M., Abd Abd-El-Khair, H., El-Nagdi W.M., 2017. Management of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting sugar beet as affected by certain bacterial and fungal suspensions. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, Special issu. 293-301.
Göze Özdemir, F. G. (2023). İğde (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) Yaprak Ekstraktı’nın Kök ur nematodu’na Karşı Kullanımı. COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty, 11(2), 300-305. https://doi.org/10.33202/comuagri.1322304