BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

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Yıl 2013, Sayı: 3, 85 - 118, 25.06.2015

Öz

Both Spirituality and religion are complex phenomena, multidimensional in nature. Given our limited understanding of contemporary religion and spirituality, whereas, it is perhaps premature to insist on a single comprehensive definition of either term; as a result, no such attempt will be made in this article. Rather, the purpose of this paper is to examine religion and spirituality at a basic level by describing the fundamental characteristics of each construct, thereby identifying conceptual overlap and distinctiveness. As a result, what will be presented here is an overview and analysis of how religion and spirituality have been conceptualized and defined in the literature

Kaynakça

  • Allport, G. W. (1950), The Individual and his religion. New York: Macmillan,
  • Bainbridge, W.S. (1989), The religious ecology of deviance. American Sociological Review, 54, ss.288-295.
  • Bainbridge, W.S. (1992), Crime, delinquency, and religion. In J.F. Schumaker (Ed.), Religion and mental, New York: Oxford University Press, ss. 199–210
  • Batson, C.D., & Raynor-Prince, L.(1983), Religious orientation and complexity of thought about existential concerns. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 22, ss.38–50.
  • Batson, C.D., Schoenrade, P.A., & Ventis, W.L. (1993), Religion and the individual: A social psychological perspective, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Beck, C. (1986), Education for spirituality, Interchange, 17, ss.148–156.
  • Bellah, R.N., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W.M., Swidler, A., & Tipton, S.M. (1985), Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life, New York: Harper & Row.
  • Berger, P.L. (1967), The sacred canopy: Elements of a sociology theory of religion, New York:Doubleday &Co.
  • Bergin, A.E. (1991), Values and religious issues in psychotherapy and mental health, American Psychologist, 46, ss.394–403.
  • Bergin, A.E. (1994), Religious life styles and mental health. In L.B. Brown (Ed.), Religion, Personality, and Mental health, New York: Springer-Verlag, (ss. 69–93).
  • Bibby, R.W. (1995 November), Beyond headlines, hype and hope: Shedding some light on spirituality, Paperpresented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, St. Louis, MO.
  • Bollinger, T.E. (1969), The spiritual needs of the aging: In need of a specific ministry, New York: Alfred Knopf.
  • Clark, E.T. (1929), The psychology of religious awakening, New York: Macmillan.
  • Cochran, J.K., & Beeghley, L. (1991), The influence of religion on attitudes toward nonmarital sexuality: A preliminary assessment of reference group theory. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 30, ss.45-62.
  • Davie, G. (1998), Sociology of religion. In W.H. Swatos, Jr. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of religion and society, CA: AltaMira Press, (ss. 483–489).
  • D’Onofrio, B.M., Eaves, L.J., Murrelle, L., Maes, H.H., & Spilka, B. (1999), Understanding biological and social influences on religious attitudes and behaviors: A behaviorgenetic perspective. Journal of Personality, 67, ss. 953–984.
  • Durkheim, E. (1965), The elementary forms of the religious life ( J.W. Swain, Trans.). New York:(Original work published 1912).
  • Elkind, D. (1964), Piaget’s semi-clinical interview and the study of spontaneous religion. Journal for theScientific Study of Religion, 4, ss. 40–46.
  • Elkins, D.N., Hedstrom, L.J., Hughes, L.L., Leaf, J.A., & Saunders, C. (1988), Toward phenomenological spirituality: Definition, description, and measurement, Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 28 (4), ss. 5–18. Ellison, C.W. (1983), Spiritual well-being:
  • Conceptualization and
  • measurement, Journal of Psychology and Theology, 11, ss.330–340.
  • Fowler, J.W. (1981), Stages of faith: The psychology of human development and the quest for meaning, San Francisco: Harper & Row.
  • Fromm, E. (1950), Psychoanalysis and religion, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Gallup, G., Jr. (1994), The Gallup Poll: Public opinion 1993. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources.
  • Gallup, G., Jr., & Castelli, J. (1989), The people’s religion. New York: Macmillan.
  • Gartner, J.D. (1996), Religious commitment, mental health, and prosocial behavior: A review of the empirical literature. In E.P. Shafranske (Ed.), Religion and the clinical practice of psychology, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, ss.187–214.
  • Geertz, C. (1973), The interpretation of cultures, New York: Basic Books.
  • Glick, I.O., Weiss, R.A., & Parkes, C.M. (1974), The first year of bereavement. New York: Wiley.
  • Goldman, R. (1964), Religious thinking from childhood to adolescence, New York: Seabury Press.
  • Gorsuch, R.L. (1995), Religious aspects of substance abuse and recovery. Journal of Social Issues, 51 (2), ss.65–84.
  • Gorsuch, R.L., & Butler, M. (1976), Initial drug abuse: A review of predisposing social psychology factors, Psychological Bulletin, 83, ss.120–137.
  • Greer, B.A., & Roof, W.C. (1992), “Desperately Seeking Sheila”: Locating religious privatism in ,Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 31, ss.346–352.
  • Hall, G.S. (1917), Jesus, the Christ, in light of psychology (2 Vols.). New York: Appleton.
  • Hammond, P.E. (Ed.). (1985), The sacred in a secular age: Toward revision in the scientific study of religion,Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Helminiak, D.A. (1996), A scientific spirituality: The interface of psychology and theology, The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 6, ss. 1–19.
  • Heschel, A.J. (1958), March/April). The abiding challenge of religion, The Center Magazine, ss.43–51.
  • Hill, P.C. (1995), Affective theory and religious experience. In R.W. Hood, Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of religious experience, Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press, ss. 353–377.
  • Hill, P.C., & Butter, E.M. (1995), The role of religion in promoting physical health. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 14, ss.141–155.
  • Hill, P.C. & Hood, R.W. (1999), Affect, religion, and unconscious processes. Journal of Personality,67, ss. 1015–1046.
  • Hood, R.W., & Kimbrough, D. (1995), Serpent-handling Holiness sects: Theoretical considerations, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 34, ss. 311–322.
  • Hood, R.W., Spilka, B., Hunsberger, B., & Gorsuch, R. (1996), The psychology of religion: An empirical approach (2nd ed.), New York: Guilford Press.
  • Howden, J.W. (1992), Development and psychometric characteristics of the Spirituality Assessment Scale, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Texas Women’s University.
  • Hunsberger, B., Alisat, S., Pancer, S.M., & Pratt, M. (1996), Religious fundamentalism and religious doubts: Content, connections and complexity of thinking, International Journal for
  • the Psychology of Religion, 6, ss.201– 220.
  • Hunsberger, B., Lea, J., Pancer, S.M., Pratt, M., & McKenzie, B. (1992), Making life complicated: Prompting the use of integratively complex thinking, Journal of Personality, 60, ss.95–114.
  • Hunt, R.A. (1972), Mythological-symbolic religious commitment: The LAM scales, Journal for theScientific Study of Religion, 11, ss. 42–52.
  • Hunter, J.D. (1983), American evangelicalism: Conservative religion and the quandary ofmodernity, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • James, W. (1961), The varieties of religious experience, New York: Collier Books. (Original work published 1902).
  • Johnson, B. (1971), Church and sect revisited, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 10, ss. 124–137.
  • King, D.G. (1990), Religion and health relationships: A review, Journal of Religion and Health, 29, ss. 101–112.
  • Koenig, H.G. (1994), Aging and God: Spiritual pathways to mental health in midlife and lateryears, New York: Haworth Press.
  • LaBarre, W. (1972), Hallucinations and the shamanantic origins of religion. In P.T. Furst (Ed.), Theflesh of the gods, New York: Praeger, ss. 261–278.
  • LaPierre, L.L. (1994), A model for describing spirituality, Journal of Religion and Health, 33, ss.153–161.
  • Levin, J.S., & Vanderpool, H.Y. (1992), Religious factors in physical health and the prevention of lness. In K.I. Pargament, K.I. Maton, & R.E. Hess (Eds.), Religion and prevention in mental health: Research, vision, and action, New York: Haworth Press, ss. 41–64).
  • Lovekin, A., & Malony, H.N. (1977), Religious glossalia: A longitudinal study of personality changes,Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 16, ss.383–393.
  • Luckmann, T. (1967), The invisible religion. New York: Macmillan.
  • Magill, F.N., & McGreal, I.P. (Eds.). (1988), Christian spirituality: The essential guide to the most influential spiritual writings of the Christian tradition, San Francisco: Harper & Row.
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Din ve Maneviyatı Kavramlaştırma: Birleşme ve Ayrılma Noktaları

Yıl 2013, Sayı: 3, 85 - 118, 25.06.2015

Öz

Peter C. HILL, Kenneth I. PARGAMENT, Ralph W. HOOD Jr, Michael E. MCCULLOUGH, James P. SWYERS, David B. LARSON & Brian J. ZINNBAUER

Hem din hem de maneviyat, tabiatları itibariyle çok boyutlu ve kompleks fenomenlerdir. Dolayısıyla modern dini ve maneviyatı sınırlı kavrayışımız göz önünde tutulursa, her iki terimin kapsamlı ve tek bir tanımı üzerinde ısrar etmek için muhtemelen vakit erkendir. Bu sebeple bu makalede böyle bir girişimde bulunulmamakta, daha ziyade her iki kavramın temel özellikleri betimlenerek din ve maneviyat temel seviyede incelenmekte, böylece kavramsal aynılıkları ve farklılıkları tespit edilmekte ve sonuç itibariyle literatürde dinin ve maneviyatın nasıl kavramlaştırıldığının ve tanımlandığının bir analizine ve genel bir görünümüne yer verilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Din, Maneviyat, Kavramlaştırma, Benzerlikler, Farklılıklar.

Kaynakça

  • Allport, G. W. (1950), The Individual and his religion. New York: Macmillan,
  • Bainbridge, W.S. (1989), The religious ecology of deviance. American Sociological Review, 54, ss.288-295.
  • Bainbridge, W.S. (1992), Crime, delinquency, and religion. In J.F. Schumaker (Ed.), Religion and mental, New York: Oxford University Press, ss. 199–210
  • Batson, C.D., & Raynor-Prince, L.(1983), Religious orientation and complexity of thought about existential concerns. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 22, ss.38–50.
  • Batson, C.D., Schoenrade, P.A., & Ventis, W.L. (1993), Religion and the individual: A social psychological perspective, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Beck, C. (1986), Education for spirituality, Interchange, 17, ss.148–156.
  • Bellah, R.N., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W.M., Swidler, A., & Tipton, S.M. (1985), Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life, New York: Harper & Row.
  • Berger, P.L. (1967), The sacred canopy: Elements of a sociology theory of religion, New York:Doubleday &Co.
  • Bergin, A.E. (1991), Values and religious issues in psychotherapy and mental health, American Psychologist, 46, ss.394–403.
  • Bergin, A.E. (1994), Religious life styles and mental health. In L.B. Brown (Ed.), Religion, Personality, and Mental health, New York: Springer-Verlag, (ss. 69–93).
  • Bibby, R.W. (1995 November), Beyond headlines, hype and hope: Shedding some light on spirituality, Paperpresented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, St. Louis, MO.
  • Bollinger, T.E. (1969), The spiritual needs of the aging: In need of a specific ministry, New York: Alfred Knopf.
  • Clark, E.T. (1929), The psychology of religious awakening, New York: Macmillan.
  • Cochran, J.K., & Beeghley, L. (1991), The influence of religion on attitudes toward nonmarital sexuality: A preliminary assessment of reference group theory. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 30, ss.45-62.
  • Davie, G. (1998), Sociology of religion. In W.H. Swatos, Jr. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of religion and society, CA: AltaMira Press, (ss. 483–489).
  • D’Onofrio, B.M., Eaves, L.J., Murrelle, L., Maes, H.H., & Spilka, B. (1999), Understanding biological and social influences on religious attitudes and behaviors: A behaviorgenetic perspective. Journal of Personality, 67, ss. 953–984.
  • Durkheim, E. (1965), The elementary forms of the religious life ( J.W. Swain, Trans.). New York:(Original work published 1912).
  • Elkind, D. (1964), Piaget’s semi-clinical interview and the study of spontaneous religion. Journal for theScientific Study of Religion, 4, ss. 40–46.
  • Elkins, D.N., Hedstrom, L.J., Hughes, L.L., Leaf, J.A., & Saunders, C. (1988), Toward phenomenological spirituality: Definition, description, and measurement, Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 28 (4), ss. 5–18. Ellison, C.W. (1983), Spiritual well-being:
  • Conceptualization and
  • measurement, Journal of Psychology and Theology, 11, ss.330–340.
  • Fowler, J.W. (1981), Stages of faith: The psychology of human development and the quest for meaning, San Francisco: Harper & Row.
  • Fromm, E. (1950), Psychoanalysis and religion, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Gallup, G., Jr. (1994), The Gallup Poll: Public opinion 1993. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources.
  • Gallup, G., Jr., & Castelli, J. (1989), The people’s religion. New York: Macmillan.
  • Gartner, J.D. (1996), Religious commitment, mental health, and prosocial behavior: A review of the empirical literature. In E.P. Shafranske (Ed.), Religion and the clinical practice of psychology, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, ss.187–214.
  • Geertz, C. (1973), The interpretation of cultures, New York: Basic Books.
  • Glick, I.O., Weiss, R.A., & Parkes, C.M. (1974), The first year of bereavement. New York: Wiley.
  • Goldman, R. (1964), Religious thinking from childhood to adolescence, New York: Seabury Press.
  • Gorsuch, R.L. (1995), Religious aspects of substance abuse and recovery. Journal of Social Issues, 51 (2), ss.65–84.
  • Gorsuch, R.L., & Butler, M. (1976), Initial drug abuse: A review of predisposing social psychology factors, Psychological Bulletin, 83, ss.120–137.
  • Greer, B.A., & Roof, W.C. (1992), “Desperately Seeking Sheila”: Locating religious privatism in ,Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 31, ss.346–352.
  • Hall, G.S. (1917), Jesus, the Christ, in light of psychology (2 Vols.). New York: Appleton.
  • Hammond, P.E. (Ed.). (1985), The sacred in a secular age: Toward revision in the scientific study of religion,Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Helminiak, D.A. (1996), A scientific spirituality: The interface of psychology and theology, The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 6, ss. 1–19.
  • Heschel, A.J. (1958), March/April). The abiding challenge of religion, The Center Magazine, ss.43–51.
  • Hill, P.C. (1995), Affective theory and religious experience. In R.W. Hood, Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of religious experience, Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press, ss. 353–377.
  • Hill, P.C., & Butter, E.M. (1995), The role of religion in promoting physical health. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 14, ss.141–155.
  • Hill, P.C. & Hood, R.W. (1999), Affect, religion, and unconscious processes. Journal of Personality,67, ss. 1015–1046.
  • Hood, R.W., & Kimbrough, D. (1995), Serpent-handling Holiness sects: Theoretical considerations, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 34, ss. 311–322.
  • Hood, R.W., Spilka, B., Hunsberger, B., & Gorsuch, R. (1996), The psychology of religion: An empirical approach (2nd ed.), New York: Guilford Press.
  • Howden, J.W. (1992), Development and psychometric characteristics of the Spirituality Assessment Scale, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Texas Women’s University.
  • Hunsberger, B., Alisat, S., Pancer, S.M., & Pratt, M. (1996), Religious fundamentalism and religious doubts: Content, connections and complexity of thinking, International Journal for
  • the Psychology of Religion, 6, ss.201– 220.
  • Hunsberger, B., Lea, J., Pancer, S.M., Pratt, M., & McKenzie, B. (1992), Making life complicated: Prompting the use of integratively complex thinking, Journal of Personality, 60, ss.95–114.
  • Hunt, R.A. (1972), Mythological-symbolic religious commitment: The LAM scales, Journal for theScientific Study of Religion, 11, ss. 42–52.
  • Hunter, J.D. (1983), American evangelicalism: Conservative religion and the quandary ofmodernity, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • James, W. (1961), The varieties of religious experience, New York: Collier Books. (Original work published 1902).
  • Johnson, B. (1971), Church and sect revisited, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 10, ss. 124–137.
  • King, D.G. (1990), Religion and health relationships: A review, Journal of Religion and Health, 29, ss. 101–112.
  • Koenig, H.G. (1994), Aging and God: Spiritual pathways to mental health in midlife and lateryears, New York: Haworth Press.
  • LaBarre, W. (1972), Hallucinations and the shamanantic origins of religion. In P.T. Furst (Ed.), Theflesh of the gods, New York: Praeger, ss. 261–278.
  • LaPierre, L.L. (1994), A model for describing spirituality, Journal of Religion and Health, 33, ss.153–161.
  • Levin, J.S., & Vanderpool, H.Y. (1992), Religious factors in physical health and the prevention of lness. In K.I. Pargament, K.I. Maton, & R.E. Hess (Eds.), Religion and prevention in mental health: Research, vision, and action, New York: Haworth Press, ss. 41–64).
  • Lovekin, A., & Malony, H.N. (1977), Religious glossalia: A longitudinal study of personality changes,Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 16, ss.383–393.
  • Luckmann, T. (1967), The invisible religion. New York: Macmillan.
  • Magill, F.N., & McGreal, I.P. (Eds.). (1988), Christian spirituality: The essential guide to the most influential spiritual writings of the Christian tradition, San Francisco: Harper & Row.
  • Marty, M.E., & Appleby, R.S. (Eds.). (1991), Fundamentalisms observed, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Maslow, A.H. (1964), Religion, values, and peak experience,,. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.
  • Maton, K.I., & Wells, E.A. (1995), Religion as a community resource for well- being: Prevention, healing, and empowerment pathways, Journal of Social Issues, 51 (2), ss. 177– 193.
  • May, G.G. (1988), Addiction and grace: Love and spirituality in the healing of addictions, San Francisco: Harper & Row.
  • McCallister, B.J. (1995), Cognitive theory and religious experience. In R.W. Hood, Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of religious Experience, Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press, ss.312–352.
  • McFadden, S.H. (1995), Religion and well-being in aging persons in an aging society, Journal of Social Issues, 51 (2), ss.161–175.
  • McFadden, S.H. (1996), Religion, spirituality, and aging. In J.E. Birren & K.W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (4th ed.), San Diego: Academic Press, ss.162–177.
  • McGuire, M.B. (1981), Religion: The social context, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Mclntosh, D.N. (1995), Religion as schema, with implications for the relation between religion and coping, International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 5, ss. 1–16.
  • Naisbett, J. (1982). Megatrends: Ten new directions transforming our lives, New York: Warner Books.
  • Niebuhr, H.R. (1929), The social sources of denominationalism, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Oser, F.K., & Scarlett, W.G. (Eds.). (1991), Religious development in childhood and adolescence (New Directions for Child development, No. 52) San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
  • Otto, R. (1928), The idea of the holy: An inquiry into the non-rational factor in the idea of the divine and its relation to the Rational, London: Oxford University Press.
  • Paden, W.E. (1992), Interpreting the sacred: Ways of viewing religion, Boston: Beacon Press.
  • Pargament, K.I. (1992), Of means and ends: Religion and the search for significance, International Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 2, ss.201–229.
  • Pargament, K.I. (1997), The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Pargament, K.I. (1999), The psychology of religion and spirituality? Yes and no, International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 9, ss.3–16.
  • Pargament, K.I., Mahoney, A., & Swank, A. (in press). Religion and the sanctification of the family. In T. Brubaker (Ed.), Religion and the family, Menlo Park, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Pfeiffer, J.E. (1992), The psychological framing of cults: Schematic representations and cult evaluations, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, ss.531– 544.
  • Pollner, M. (1989), Divine relations, social relations, and well-being, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, ss.92– 104.
  • Poloma, M.M., & Gallup, G.H., Jr. (1990), Religiosity, forgiveness and life satisfaction: An exploratory study. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, Virginia Beach, VA, November).
  • Poloma, M.M., & Pendleton, B.F. (1989), Exploring types of prayer and quality of life research: A research note, Review of Religious Research, 31, ss. 46–53.
  • Preus, J.S. (1987), Explaining religion, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Pruyser, P.W. (1986), Maintaining hope in adversity, Pastoral Psychology, 35, ss. 120–13.
  • Ragan, C., Malony, H.N., & Beit-Hallahmi, B. (1980), Psychologist and religion: Professional factors associated with personal Belief, Review of Religious Research, 21, ss. 208–217.
  • Rizzuto, A.-M. (1991), Religious development: A psychoanalytic point of view. In F.K. Oser & W.G. Scarlett (Eds.), Religious development in childhood and adolescence (New Directions for Child Development, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, No. 52, ss.47–60.
  • Roof, W.C. .(1993), A generation of seekers: The spiritual journeys of the baby boom generation, San Francisco: Harper.
  • Schumaker, J.F. (Ed.). (1992), Religion and mental health, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Scobie, G.E.W. (1973), Types of religious conversion. Journal of Behavioral Science, 1, ss. 265–271.
  • Scott, A.B. (1997), Categorizing definitions of religion and spirituality in the psychological literature: A content analytic approach, Unpublished Manuscript.
  • Shafranske, E.P. (1996), Religious beliefs, affiliations, and practices of clinical psychologists. In E.P. Shafranske (Ed.), Religion and the clinical practice of psychology ,Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, ss. 149–162.
  • Shafranske, E.P., & Malony, H.N. (1990), Clinical psychologists’ religious and spiritual orientations and their practice of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 27, ss. 72– 78.
  • Sheldrake, P. (1992), Spirituality and history: Questions of interpretation and method, New York: Crossroads.
  • Sheridan, M.J. (1992), Bullis, R.K., Adcock, C.R., Berlin, S.D., & Miller, P.C., Practitioners’ personal and Professional attitudes and behaviors toward religion and spirituality: Issues for education and practice, Journal for Social Work Education, 28, ss.190– 203.
  • Shorto, R. (1997), Belief by the numbers, The New York Times Magazine, December 7), ss. 60–61.
  • Silk, M. (1998), Something new, something old: Changes and continuities in American religious history, Cambridge, MA: The President and Fellows of Harvard College.
  • Smith, W.C. (1991), The meaning and end of religion, Minneapolis: Fortress Press, (Original work published 1962)
  • Spilka, B. (1993), Spirituality: Problems and directions in operationalizing a fuzzy concept, Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association. Toronto, Ontario, August).
  • Spilka, B., & Mclntosh, D.N. (1996), Religion and spirituality: The known and the unknown, Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association. Toronto, Ontario, August).
  • De St. Aubin, E. (1999), Personal ideology: The intersection of personality and religiosity. Journal of Personality, 67, ss.1105–1139.
  • Starbuck, E.D. (1899), The psychology of religion. New York: Scribner.
  • Stark, R. (1984), Religion and conformity: Reaffirming a sociology of religion, Sociological Analysis, 45, ss. 273–282.
  • Stark, R., Church and sect. In P.E. Hammond (Ed.) (1985), The sacred in a secular age: Toward revision in the scientific study of religion, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, ss. 139–149.
  • Stark, R., & Bainbridge, W.S. (1979), Of churches, sects and cults: Preliminary concepts for a theory of
  • religious movements, Journal for the Scientific Study of
  • Religion, 18, ss. 117–133.
  • Stark, R., & Bainbridge, W.S. (1980), Networks of faith: Interpersonal bonds and recruitment to cults
  • and sects, AmericanJournal of Sociology, 85, ss.1376–1395.
  • Stark, R., & Bainbridge, W.S. (1985), The future of religion, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Stark, R., & Bainbridge, W.S. (1996), A theory of religion, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Tamminen, K. (1991), Religious development in childhood and adolescence: An empirical study, Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.
  • Tart, C. (Ed.) (1975), Transpersonal psychologies, New York: Harper & Row.
  • Tillich, P. (1952), The courage to be, New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Troeltsch, E. (1931), The social teachings of the Christian churches (O. Wyon, Trans.), New York:MacMillan.
  • Turner, R.P. (1995), Lukoff, D., Barnhouse, R.T., & Lu, F.G., Religious or spiritual problem: A culturally sensitive diagnostic category in the DSM-IV. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183, ss. 435–444.
  • Vande Kemp, H., Historical perspective: Religion and clinical psychology in America. In E.P.
  • Shafranske (Ed.), (1996), Religion and the clinical practice of psychology ,Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, ss.. 71–112.
  • Weber, M. (1964), The sociology of religion. Boston: Beacon Press. (Original work published 1922),
  • Wenegrat, B. (1990). The divine archetype: The sociobiology and psychology of religion, Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
  • Wilson, E.O. (1978), On human natüre, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Wulff, D.M. (1996), The psychology of religion: An overview. In E.P. Shafranske (Ed.), Religion and the clinical practice of psychology, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, ss. 43–70.
  • Wulff, D.M. (1997), Psychology of religion: Classic and contemporary (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley& Sons.
  • Zinnbauer, B.J. (1997), Capturing the meanings of religiousness and spirituality: One way down from a definitional Tower of Babel, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bowling Green State University.
  • Zinnbauer, B.J., & Pargament, K.I. (1998), Spiritual conversion: A study of religious change among college students, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, ss.161–180.
  • Zinnbauer, B.J., Pargament, K.I., Cole, B.C., Rye, M.S., Butter, E.M., Belavich, T.G., Hipp, K.M., Scott,
  • A.B., & Kadar, J.L. (1997), Religion and spirituality: Unfuzzying the fuzzy, Journal for the Scientific tudy of Religion, 36, ss. 549–564.
  • Zinnbauer, B.J., Pargament, K.I., & Scott, A.B. (1999), The emerging meanings of religiousness andspirituality: Problems and prospects. Journal of Personality, 67, ss.889– 919.
Toplam 124 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Çeviri
Yazarlar

Nurten Kimter Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Haziran 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kimter, N. (2015). Din ve Maneviyatı Kavramlaştırma: Birleşme ve Ayrılma Noktaları. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi(3), 85-118.
AMA Kimter N. Din ve Maneviyatı Kavramlaştırma: Birleşme ve Ayrılma Noktaları. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. Haziran 2015;(3):85-118.
Chicago Kimter, Nurten. “Din Ve Maneviyatı Kavramlaştırma: Birleşme Ve Ayrılma Noktaları”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, sy. 3 (Haziran 2015): 85-118.
EndNote Kimter N (01 Haziran 2015) Din ve Maneviyatı Kavramlaştırma: Birleşme ve Ayrılma Noktaları. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 3 85–118.
IEEE N. Kimter, “Din ve Maneviyatı Kavramlaştırma: Birleşme ve Ayrılma Noktaları”, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, sy. 3, ss. 85–118, Haziran 2015.
ISNAD Kimter, Nurten. “Din Ve Maneviyatı Kavramlaştırma: Birleşme Ve Ayrılma Noktaları”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 3 (Haziran 2015), 85-118.
JAMA Kimter N. Din ve Maneviyatı Kavramlaştırma: Birleşme ve Ayrılma Noktaları. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;:85–118.
MLA Kimter, Nurten. “Din Ve Maneviyatı Kavramlaştırma: Birleşme Ve Ayrılma Noktaları”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, sy. 3, 2015, ss. 85-118.
Vancouver Kimter N. Din ve Maneviyatı Kavramlaştırma: Birleşme ve Ayrılma Noktaları. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015(3):85-118.