Araştırma Makalesi

Human Resources Strategies in Professional Soccer Clubs: An Empirical Analysis of the “Build vs Buy” Paradox in the Super League

Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2026 19 Ekim 2026
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Human Resources Strategies in Professional Soccer Clubs: An Empirical Analysis of the “Build vs Buy” Paradox in the Super League

Öz

Purpose: This study aims to examine, within an empirical framework specific to the Turkish Super League, the “player development” (Build) and “transferring ready-made players” (Buy) approaches, which constitute a fundamental strategic dilemma in the management of professional soccer clubs. Seeking to fill a gap in the sports management literature, this research aims to analyse the cost-effectiveness balance of academy investments and transfer policies.

Method: The study used a 10-year InStat dataset covering 2013 to 2023. For the analysis, a total of 3,195 player-season observations were categorised into three main groups: Domestic Academy, Foreign Transfers, and Domestic Free Agents. Comparisons between the groups were evaluated using statistical methods, including average performance scores, career continuity, in-league development curves, and positional breakdowns.

Results: The results indicate that Domestic Academy players do not exhibit a statistically significant difference in performance level compared to foreign transfers (p>0.05), but they are approximately 67% more sustainable in terms of career length. It was determined that academy products outperformed transfer players in league-year development curves starting from the third year, and that they achieved the highest efficiency values, particularly in the centre-back position. Regression analysis results confirm that, when controlling for age and position variables, academy-trained players possess a contribution capacity nearly equivalent to that of foreign transfers.

Conclusion: Within the framework of the Resource-Based View and Human Capital Theory, this study demonstrates that an academy-focused “development” strategy is a rational choice for clubs in terms of long-term sustainability and sporting success. Accordingly, it is recommended that club management develop position-specific transfer policies, optimise contract planning based on empirical data, and that the Turkish Football Federation (TFF) support its academy licensing policies with this data.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

This study is a quantitative analysis based entirely on secondary data and publicly available performance statistics (player minutes, positions, league data, etc.), conducted using the InStat performance database covering the years 2013–2023. The research process does not involve any human participants (surveys, interviews, experiments, etc.), does not interfere with individuals’ personal data, and does not involve any ethically sensitive or protected subjects. In this context, since our study does not involve “human experimentation or research” and the data is anonymised and derived from secondary data sets (data mining), it does not require approval from an ethics committee in accordance with relevant legislation and university/institutional ethics committee guidelines.

Kaynakça

  1. Abdelmawla, E., Xu, M., Hesham, G., & Rashed, A. (2026). Intellectual capital and financial performance of European professional football club: the mediating role of financial innovation. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 13(1), 529.
  2. Akgündüz, Y. E., & van den Berg, M. (2013). Make or buy? Human capital accumulation strategies in European club football(No. 13-17). Discussion Papers Series.
  3. Aslan, C. S., Akça, F., & Müniroğlu, S. (2015). Süper Lig futbol takımlarının altyapılarından oyuncu yetiştirme verimliliklerinin incelenmesi. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(2), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000274
  4. Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120.
  5. Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. National Bureau of Economic Research.
  6. Chelladurai, P. (2014). Managing Organizations for Sport and Physical Activity: A Systems Perspective (4th ed.). Routledge.
  7. Cushion, C. J. ve Jones, R. L. (2012). A Bourdieusian analysis of cultural reproduction: socialisation and the ‘hidden curriculum’ in professional football. Sport, Education and Society, 19(3), 276–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2012.666966 .
  8. Ekizoğlu, Ö. (2025). Küresel Futbolda Yapısal Yönetişim Ve Psikolojik Dinamikler: Türk Futbolunda Kurumsal Yapının Başarısızlıktaki Payı Ve Reform Gerekliliği. Nişantaşı Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 894-912. https://doi.org/10.52122/nisantasisbd.1745376.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Spor Faaliyetleri Yönetimi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

19 Ekim 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

3 Temmuz 2026

Kabul Tarihi

11 Ekim 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2026

Kaynak Göster

APA
Özman, C., Karaman, T., & Özsoy, D. (2026). Human Resources Strategies in Professional Soccer Clubs: An Empirical Analysis of the “Build vs Buy” Paradox in the Super League. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2026), 1047-1062. https://izlik.org/JA83NE97BS
AMA
1.Özman C, Karaman T, Özsoy D. Human Resources Strategies in Professional Soccer Clubs: An Empirical Analysis of the “Build vs Buy” Paradox in the Super League. ÇOMÜSBD. 2026;9(2026):1047-1062. https://izlik.org/JA83NE97BS
Chicago
Özman, Cemal, Taner Karaman, ve Damla Özsoy. 2026. “Human Resources Strategies in Professional Soccer Clubs: An Empirical Analysis of the ‘Build vs Buy’ Paradox in the Super League”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 9 (2026): 1047-62. https://izlik.org/JA83NE97BS.
EndNote
Özman C, Karaman T, Özsoy D (01 Ekim 2026) Human Resources Strategies in Professional Soccer Clubs: An Empirical Analysis of the “Build vs Buy” Paradox in the Super League. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 9 2026 1047–1062.
IEEE
[1]C. Özman, T. Karaman, ve D. Özsoy, “Human Resources Strategies in Professional Soccer Clubs: An Empirical Analysis of the ‘Build vs Buy’ Paradox in the Super League”, ÇOMÜSBD, c. 9, sy 2026, ss. 1047–1062, Eki. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA83NE97BS
ISNAD
Özman, Cemal - Karaman, Taner - Özsoy, Damla. “Human Resources Strategies in Professional Soccer Clubs: An Empirical Analysis of the ‘Build vs Buy’ Paradox in the Super League”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 9/2026 (01 Ekim 2026): 1047-1062. https://izlik.org/JA83NE97BS.
JAMA
1.Özman C, Karaman T, Özsoy D. Human Resources Strategies in Professional Soccer Clubs: An Empirical Analysis of the “Build vs Buy” Paradox in the Super League. ÇOMÜSBD. 2026;9:1047–1062.
MLA
Özman, Cemal, vd. “Human Resources Strategies in Professional Soccer Clubs: An Empirical Analysis of the ‘Build vs Buy’ Paradox in the Super League”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 9, sy 2026, Ekim 2026, ss. 1047-62, https://izlik.org/JA83NE97BS.
Vancouver
1.Cemal Özman, Taner Karaman, Damla Özsoy. Human Resources Strategies in Professional Soccer Clubs: An Empirical Analysis of the “Build vs Buy” Paradox in the Super League. ÇOMÜSBD [Internet]. 01 Ekim 2026;9(2026):1047-62. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA83NE97BS

Sayın Araştırmacılar,

Spor Bilimleri alanındaki çalışmaları içeren uluslararası nitelikte ve hakemli dergi olarak yayımlanan ÇOMÜ Spor Bilimleri Dergisi'nin 2026 yılında yayınlanacak makaleleri için dergimizin kapsamı dahilinde olan konularla ilgili özgün araştırma ve derleme türünde İngilizce makaleler kabul edilecektir. Bu anlamda 2026 yayın dönemi için 2026 yılı Kasım ayının ilk haftasında kadar makale gönderilebilir. Bilgilerinize sunulur.

Editör Prof. Dr. Hürmüz KOÇ