Araştırma Makalesi

Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Match Performance in Professional Football: An Integrated Analysis of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants in Iğdır, Turkey

Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2026 12 Eylül 2026
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Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Match Performance in Professional Football: An Integrated Analysis of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants in Iğdır, Turkey

Öz

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the acute relationship between ambient air pollution and match performance in professional football players during official home matches in a highly polluted region.

Method: This study examined the relationship between ambient air pollutants and match performance using aggregated team-level performance data from 11 official home matches of Iğdır FK during the 2025–2026 competitive season. Hourly concentrations of PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ were obtained from the Turkish Ministry of Environment’s continuous monitoring network. Mean pollutant levels were calculated over a four-hour window beginning one hour before kickoff to reflect actual pre-match and in-game exposure. Physical performance variables (including total distance, sprint distance, and high-speed runs) were extracted from the SportsBase tracking platform. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations, and group comparison analyses were conducted using R software.

Results: Higher PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ concentrations were significantly associated with increased first-half sprint distance (ρ = 0.61, p = 0.047; ρ = 0.75, p = 0.008, respectively), whereas O₃ levels showed a strong negative relationship with sprint performance (ρ = –0.74, p = 0.010). Group analyses revealed greater sprint distance under high PM₂.₅ and low O₃ conditions (p = 0.014). Other pollutants, including NO₂ and SO₂, demonstrated weaker or borderline associations with performance metrics.

Conclusion: Air pollution exerts pollutant-specific, time-dependent influences on elite football performance. While particulate exposure may elicit short-term compensatory effects, ozone consistently impairs high-intensity activity. Integrating environmental monitoring into match preparation could enhance athlete safety and contextualize performance analytics in polluted regions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Not applicable

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Scientific Research Publication Ethics Committee of Iğdır University (Decision No: 2026/9). All data analyzed in the study were anonymized and obtained either from publicly accessible environmental monitoring sources or from aggregated match performance statistics provided by authorized data platforms (SportsBase and the Turkish Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change). No identifiable personal data or direct human subject intervention was involved in the research.

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Antrenman, Egzersiz Fizyolojisi, Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

12 Eylül 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

14 Temmuz 2026

Kabul Tarihi

28 Ağustos 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2026

Kaynak Göster

APA
Subak, G. E., Kaya, K., Tarakcı, S., & Atlı, A. (2026). Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Match Performance in Professional Football: An Integrated Analysis of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants in Iğdır, Turkey. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2026), 750-768. https://izlik.org/JA42LF23ZS
AMA
1.Subak GE, Kaya K, Tarakcı S, Atlı A. Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Match Performance in Professional Football: An Integrated Analysis of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants in Iğdır, Turkey. ÇOMÜSBD. 2026;9(2026):750-768. https://izlik.org/JA42LF23ZS
Chicago
Subak, Gülhan Erdem, Kaan Kaya, Selçuk Tarakcı, ve Ahmet Atlı. 2026. “Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Match Performance in Professional Football: An Integrated Analysis of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants in Iğdır, Turkey”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 9 (2026): 750-68. https://izlik.org/JA42LF23ZS.
EndNote
Subak GE, Kaya K, Tarakcı S, Atlı A (01 Eylül 2026) Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Match Performance in Professional Football: An Integrated Analysis of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants in Iğdır, Turkey. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 9 2026 750–768.
IEEE
[1]G. E. Subak, K. Kaya, S. Tarakcı, ve A. Atlı, “Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Match Performance in Professional Football: An Integrated Analysis of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants in Iğdır, Turkey”, ÇOMÜSBD, c. 9, sy 2026, ss. 750–768, Eyl. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA42LF23ZS
ISNAD
Subak, Gülhan Erdem - Kaya, Kaan - Tarakcı, Selçuk - Atlı, Ahmet. “Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Match Performance in Professional Football: An Integrated Analysis of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants in Iğdır, Turkey”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 9/2026 (01 Eylül 2026): 750-768. https://izlik.org/JA42LF23ZS.
JAMA
1.Subak GE, Kaya K, Tarakcı S, Atlı A. Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Match Performance in Professional Football: An Integrated Analysis of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants in Iğdır, Turkey. ÇOMÜSBD. 2026;9:750–768.
MLA
Subak, Gülhan Erdem, vd. “Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Match Performance in Professional Football: An Integrated Analysis of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants in Iğdır, Turkey”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 9, sy 2026, Eylül 2026, ss. 750-68, https://izlik.org/JA42LF23ZS.
Vancouver
1.Gülhan Erdem Subak, Kaan Kaya, Selçuk Tarakcı, Ahmet Atlı. Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Match Performance in Professional Football: An Integrated Analysis of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants in Iğdır, Turkey. ÇOMÜSBD [Internet]. 01 Eylül 2026;9(2026):750-68. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA42LF23ZS

Sayın Araştırmacılar,

Spor Bilimleri alanındaki çalışmaları içeren uluslararası nitelikte ve hakemli dergi olarak yayımlanan ÇOMÜ Spor Bilimleri Dergisi'nin 2026 yılında yayınlanacak makaleleri için dergimizin kapsamı dahilinde olan konularla ilgili özgün araştırma ve derleme türünde İngilizce makaleler kabul edilecektir. Bu anlamda 2026 yayın dönemi için 2026 yılı Ekim ayı sonuna kadar makale gönderilebilir. Bilgilerinize sunulur.

Editör Prof. Dr. Hürmüz KOÇ