INVESTIGATION OF EFFECT OF SATISFACTION OR PREVENTING OF BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS ON JOB STRESS AND BURNOUT: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SELF-ESTEEM

Öz

Psychological needs are the basic psychological nutrients such as autonomy, relatedness, and competence that are necessary for the psychological development and health of the person. While the satisfaction of psychological needs of people positively affects their psychological health, preventing psychological needs find out negative effects in the workplace. The effect of satisfaction or preventing basic psychological needs on job stress and burnout, as well as the mediating role of self-esteem on these effects, were empirically revealed within the scope of the study. The research was conducted with 260 participants who work in different occupations such as teachers, engineers, nurses, entrepreneurs, bankers, doctors, and civil servants (54% females, %45,1 males). Demographic Form, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Job Stress Questionnaire, and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale were used in the data collection. According to the results, while the satisfaction of autonomy, relatedness, and competence reduces the levels of burnout and job stress, blocking them increases the levels of burnout and job stress. It has been found that basic psychological needs such as autonomy, relatedness, and competence have a mediating effect on burnout and job stress, while self-esteem has a partial mediating effect. These results are compared with other findings in the literature and discussed. If the research is evaluated within the scope of industrial and organizational psychology studies and sectoral applications, and if it can be determined that the satisfaction or blocking of the psychological needs of the employees affects the stress, burnout, and self-esteem they experience, a happier working environment, a more profitable workforce and a model that the employee and employer will gain will emerge.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• psychological need
• job stress
• burnout
• self-esteem

Temel Psikolojik İhtiyacın Karşılanması veya Engellenmesinin İş Stresi ve Tükenmişlik Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Benlik Saygısının Aracı Rolü

Öz

Psikolojik ihtiyaçlar (özerklik, ilişkisellik, yeterlilik), kişinin psikolojik gelişimi ve sağlığı için gerekli olan ve doğuştan gelen temel psikolojik besinlerdir. Çalışma ortamında kişilerin psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının tatmini psikolojik sağlığı olumlu yönde etkilerken, engellenmesi psikolojik sağlık üzerinde negatif etkiler ortaya çıkarabilmektedir. Bu araştırma kapsamında çalışan bireylerde temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların karşılanmasının veya engellenmesinin iş stresi ve tükenmişlik üzerindeki etkisi, aynı zamanda benlik saygısının bu etkiler üzerindeki aracılık rolü görgül olarak ortaya konmuştur. Araştırma farklı mesleklerde (öğretmen, mühendis, hemşire, girişimci, bankacı, doktor, memur) farklı sektörlerde (özel, kamu ve kendi işi) çalışan 206 katılımcı (%54,9 kadın, %45,1 erkek) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında Demografik Bilgi Formu, Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçların Tatmini ve Engellenmesi Ölçeği, Kopenhang Tükenmişlik Ölçeği, İş Stresi Ölçeği ve Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre çalışanların özerklik, ilişkisellik ve yeterlilik ihtiyaçlarının tatmini tükenmişlik ve iş stresi düzeylerini azaltırken, engellenmesi tükenmişlik ve iş stresi düzeylerini artırmaktadır. Özerklik, ilişkisellik ve yeterlilik gibi temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların tükenmişlik ve iş stresi üzerindeki etkisine, benlik saygısının ise kısmı derecede aracılık etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar literatürdeki diğer bulgular ile karşılaştırılmış ve tartışılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma endüstri ve örgütsel psikoloji çalışmaları ve sektörel uygulamalar kapsamında değerlendirildiğine, çalışanların psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının tatmin edilmesinin veya engellenmesinin yaşadıkları stresi, tükenmişliği ve benlik saygısını etkilediği tespit edilebilirse daha mutlu bir çalışma ortamı, daha karlı bir iş gücü ve çalışanın ve iş verenin kazanacağı bir model ortaya çıkartılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• psikolojik ihtiyaç
• iş stresi
• tükenmişlik
• benlik saygısı

Kaynakça

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